Pertemuan 5

TI21P1804
Jl. Dr. Setia Budhi No. 193
Bandung – 40153
MANAJEMEN PERSEDIAAN
Tel. +62.022.2019433.,
2019407
Fax . . +62.022.2019329

Dr. Ir. M. Nurman Helmi, DEA

Program Studi
Teknik Industri
Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Pasundan
 Pertemuan 5

Probabilistic Models
Jl. Dr. Setia Budhi No. 193
Bandung – 40153
and Safety Stock
Tel. +62.022.2019433.,
2019407
Fax . . +62.022.2019329

Dr. Ir. M. Nurman Helmi, DEA

Program Studi
Teknik Industri
Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Pasundan
 Program Studi
Probabilistic Models and Teknik Industri
Fakultas Teknik
Safety Stock Universitas Pasundan

 Used when demand is not constant or

certain
 Use safety stock to achieve a desired
service level and avoid stockouts

ROP = d x L + ss

Annual stockout costs = the sum of the units short x the probability
x the stockout cost/unit
x the number of orders per year

Dr. Ir. M. Nurman Helmi, DEA TI21P1804 - 3

 Program Studi
Teknik Industri
Safety Stock Example Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Pasundan

ROP = 50 units Stockout cost = $40 per frame

Orders per year = 6 Carrying cost = $5 per frame per year

Number of Units Probability

30 .2
40 .2
ROP  50 .3
60 .2
70 .1
1.0
Dr. Ir. M. Nurman Helmi, DEA TI21P1804 - 4
 Program Studi
Teknik Industri
Safety Stock Example Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Pasundan

ROP = 50 units Stockout cost = $40 per frame

Orders per year = 6 Carrying cost = $5 per frame per year

Safety Additional Total

Stock Holding Cost Stockout Cost Cost

20 (20)($5) = $100 $0 $100

10 (10)($5) = $ 50 (10)(.1)($40)(6) = $240 $290

0 $ 0 (10)(.2)($40)(6) + (20)(.1)($40)(6) = $960 $960

A safety stock of 20 frames gives the lowest total cost

ROP = 50 + 20 = 70 frames

Dr. Ir. M. Nurman Helmi, DEA TI21P1804 - 5

 Program Studi

Probabilistic Demand Teknik Industri

Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Pasundan

Minimum demand during lead time

Inventory level

Maximum demand during lead time

Mean demand during lead time

ROP = 350 + safety stock of 16.5 = 366.5
ROP 
Normal distribution probability of
demand during lead time
Expected demand during lead time (350 kits)

Safety stock 16.5 units

0 Lead
time Time
Place Receive
order order
Dr. Ir. M. Nurman Helmi, DEA TI21P1804 - 6
 Program Studi

Probabilistic Demand Teknik Industri

Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Pasundan

Probability of Risk of a stockout

no stockout (5% of area of
95% of the time normal curve)

Mean ROP = ? kits Quantity

demand
350
Safety
stock
0 z
Number of
standard deviations
Dr. Ir. M. Nurman Helmi, DEA TI21P1804 - 7
 Program Studi

Probabilistic Demand Teknik Industri

Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Pasundan

Use prescribed service levels to set safety

stock when the cost of stockouts cannot be
determined

ZsdLT
ROP = demand during lead time + Zs

where Z = number of standard deviations

sdLT = standard deviation of demand during lead
time

Dr. Ir. M. Nurman Helmi, DEA TI21P1804 - 8

 Program Studi

Probabilistic Example Teknik Industri

Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Pasundan

Average demand = m= 350 kits

Standard deviation of demand during lead time = sdLT = 10 kits
5% stockout policy (service level = 95%)

Using Appendix I, for an area under the curve of 95%, the Z =

1.65

ZsdLT = 1.65(10) = 16.5 kits

Safety stock = Zs

Reorder point = expected demand during lead time + safety

stock
= 350 kits + 16.5 kits of safety stock
= 366.5 or 367 kits

Dr. Ir. M. Nurman Helmi, DEA TI21P1804 - 9