PLANNING, ANALYSING, DESIGNING AND ESTIMATION

OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
 Content

S.No TITLE Page

1 Introduction 8

2 Methodology 9

3 Specification 10

4 Chapter I (Planning) 18

5 Chapter II (Analysis) 24

6 Chapter Ill (Design) 29

7 Chapter IV (Esti mation) 49

8 Chapter V (Management) 54

9 Chapter VI(Electtification and plumbing) 60

 NOTATIONS

ab Area

Ast Breadth of beam

Mu Area of reinforcement

Vu Ultimate Moment

D Ultimate shear force

DL Overall depth of beam

D Dead load

E, Effective w idth of beam

Modulus of elasticity of concrete

Modulus of elasticity of steel

Eccentricity

Design strength

fy
Compressive Sn·ength of Concrete

Hwe Characteristic sn·ength of steel

ler Effective height of wall

lgs Effective moment of wall

K Moment of in ertia of cracked section

K Stiffness of member

L.J Constant

LL Development length

Lw Live load

L Horizontal distance between centers of lateral resn·aint

Ler Length of column Effective

Le, span of beam Effective

length about y axis

La Clear span

I, Length of shorter side of slab

iy Length of longer side of slab

lo Distance between points of zero moment in abeam

I; Span in the direction in which moment are determined c/c of supports

h Span transverse to II

m Bending moment

M Modular ratio
p Axial load on compression member

qe Calculated maximum bearing pressure

q. Calculated maximum bearing pressure of soil

r Radius

Spacing of stirrups

Wall thickness

Shear force

Total load

Wind load

DistTibuted load per uni t area

DistTibuted dead load per unit area

Depth of neutral axis

Lever arm
Introduction
Shelter is one of the basic need for Habitation. In this project, we have completed

the Planning, Analysis, design and Estimation of a Residential Building . The Project is

completed with reference to the Indian Standard codes. b1 planning, I have used Autocadd,

Revit, sweet Home 3D software for Plan, Elevation, Intetior and Exterior design is with reference

to National Building Code 2005 completed. Analysis of the structure i s done in manual as well

as usi ng STAAD Pro Vi8 software. Designing of structmal components are canrried out using

Indian Standard Code (Given in reference) in Limit state Method. Estimation is completed by.

Management of construction is very much Important hence we need shelter with good Quality

in appreciative cost and time. Here I have used Ctitical Path Method as well as PERT Analysis

with Probability for Time and Cost Management (Time-cost Trade oft).

5
Methodology
The methodology followed for completing the mini Project wa'i given below
SPECIFICATION

1 Slab:

A flat piece of concrete, typically used a<; a walking slllface, but may also serve as a load
bearing device as in slab homes. It also act as a beam but thick is less and width is more when
compare to beam.

Design Consideration:

Among the design function that need to be taken in consideration for construction of ground
tloor slab is

• The provision of a unifotm, level sutface

• Sufficient strength and stability
• Exclusion of dampness from inside of building
• Thetmal insulation (max.0.45 W/square meter)
• Resistance to fire

R.C.C slabs are divided into two:

l . One way slab

2. Two way slab.

One way slab:

When the slab is suppotted on all the fom edges , and when the ratio of the long span to
short span is large (>2) bending takes place along one the span , such as slab is known as a one
way slab.
Two way slab:

When the slab is sup potted on all the four edges , and when the ratio of the long span to
short span is small bending takes place along both the span , such as slab is known as a two way
slab.

2BEAM:

Beam is the hotizontal member of a stmcture, carrying transverse loads. Beam is

rectangular in cross-section. Beam catTy the Floor slab or the roof slab. Beam transfer all the loads
including its self-weight to the columns or walls .R.C.C. Beam is subjected to bending moments
and sheru·. Due to the vertical extemal load , bending compresses the top fibers of the beam and
elongates the bottom fibers. The strength of R.C.C. beam depends on the composite action of
concrete and steels.

4.2.1.2 TYPES OF BEAMS:

• Simply Supported Beam.

• Fixed Beam.

• Cantilever Beam.

• Contin uous Beam.

• Overhanging Beam.

Simply supported beam :

Simply supported beam suppotted freely at the two ends on walls or columns. In actual
practice, no beam rests freely on the suppotts (walls or columns).
Fixed beam:

Fixed beam both ends of the beam are rigidly fixed into the supports. Also, Main reinforcement
bars and stitTups are provided.

Cantilever beam :

Cantilever beamis fixed in a wall or column at one end and the other end is Ji'ee, it is called
cantilever beam. It has tension zone in the top side and compression zone in the bottom side.

Continuous beam :

Continuous beam is supported on more than two supports . This beam is more economical for any
span lengths.

R.C.C. Beams:

• Singly Reinforced Beam

• Doubly Reinforced Beam

4.2.1.3 Types of Loading on Beams:

• Concentrated Load.
• Unifotmly Distributed Loads.
• Unifotmly Varying Loads.

• Arbitrary Loading.

3 LINTELS:
Lintel is a hotizontal structmal member which is placed across any opening (window, door,
almirah, wardrobes etc.) to support load of masonry coming over it.
4.3.2.2 FUNCTIONS OF LINTEL:

Lintel is a beam supporting the load of masonry above it which is transmitted to the adjacent wall
pottions over which it is laid. The bearing of lintel
The beating of lintel beam should be the minimum of the following:
(1) 100 mm
(2) Height of lintel
(3) 1110 th to 1112 th of the span of the lintel
(4)

CLASSIFICATION OF LINTELS:
Lintels at-e classified into the following types according to the matetials used in their construction:
(!)Timber lintels
(2)Stone lintels
(3)Brick lintels
(4)Rei nforced cement concrete (R.C.C) lintels
(5)Steel lintels

(l)Timber lintels:
These at-e the oldest types of lintels. At present, they at·e not used expect in hilly regions where
timber is cheaply available.

(2)Stone lintels:
These at-e commonly used in stone masonry. The least thickness of the stone lintel is a
about 75 mm and as a thumb rule, thickness is taken as at least 1 mm per 10mm length of the span
of opening.

(3)Brick lintels:
These lintels at-e not stmctmally strong, and they at·e used only when the opening is small
(less than 1 m) and loads at-e light.
The depth of brick lintel vaties Ji'om 100 mm to 200 mm, depending upon the span.
 (4) Reinforced cement concrete (R.C.C) lintels:
These lintels are commonly used these days. They have high rigidity, tire resistance and are
simple in construction.
R.C.C lintels are available as precast units. Precast R.C.C lintels are prefetTed for small
spans upto 2metres. Generally 1:2:4 concrete is used in the construction of these lintels. The depth
of lintel and the amount of the reinforcement is govemed by the intensity of load, the type of
support and the span.
For the cast-in-situ lintels which are quite common, form work is required for constmction.

(S)Steellintels:
These lintels are provided when the opening is large and where the super-imposed loads are
heavy. Rolled steel joints are used either singly or in combination of two or three units.S

COLUMN:

Column is a vettical structural member. It transmits the load fi'om ceiling/roof slab and beam, including
its self-weight to the foundation. Coltunns may be subjected to a pure compressive load. R.C.C. columns
are the most widely used now-a-days.

4.4.2 Types of Column

• Long Column Or Slender

• Short Column

• Intermediate Column

• Columns of square, rectangular and circular sections

4.43 Definition of Columns:

• A column is defined as a compression member the effective length of which exceeds three
times its lateral dimensions .Compression members whose lengths do not exceed three times their least
lateral dimensions are classified as pedestals.
• R.C Columns concrete has a high compressive strength and a low tensile strength .Hence,
theoretically concrete should need no reinforcement when it is subjected to compression.
Reinforcements are provided in order to reduce the size of columns. Though a column is mainly a
compression member, it liable to some moment due to eccentricity of loads or transfer loads or due to
its slendemess. Such moments may occur in any direction and so it is necessary to provide reinforcement
near all faces of the column. These reinforcements fotm the longitudinal steel. b1 order to maintain the
position of the longitudinal reinforcement and also to prevent their buckling which may cause splitting
of concrete, it is n ecessary to provide transverse reinforcement in the form of lateral ties or spirals at
close pitch. The transverse reinforcement also assists in confining the concrete.

4.4.4 Classification of Columns:

• A column may be classified on the basis of its shape, its slenderness ratio, the manner
loading and the type of lateral reinforcement provided. A column may have a section which may be
square, rectangle, circular or a desire polygon .Depending on the slenderness ratio, column may be a
short or long column.

• The slendemess ratio of column is the ratio of the effective length of the column to its least
lateral dimension. A column whose slenderness ratio exceeds 12 is a long column. A column whose
slenderness ratio does not exceeds the above limit is a short column.

Based on the mann er of loading, column may be classified into

• Axially loaded columns

• Column subjected to axial load and uniaxial bending.
• Columns subjected to axial load and biaxial bending.

1 STAIR CASE:

Stair cases are used m almost all buildings. A staircase consist of a number of steps
arranged in a series, with landing at appropriate locations, for the purpose of giving access to
different floors of a building. The width of a staircase may depend on the ptupose for which it is
provided, and may generally vary between lm for residential buildings to 2m for public buildings.
A t1ight is the length of the staircase situated between two landings. The number of steps in a flight
may vary between 3 to 12. The rise of a step and the tread should be proportioned that it gives
comfottable access. Generally the sum of tread plus twice the rise is kept about 500mm and the
product of the tread and the rise is kept about 40000 to 42000. In residential buildings, the rise
may vary between l50mm to l80mm and tread between 200 to 250mm. in public buildings, tise
is kept between 120 to l50mm and tread between 200 to 300mm.

4.5.2 Classification of stairs:

(l) Straight stair

(2) Quarter turn stair
(3) Half turn stair (open newel type or open well stair)
(4) Dog-legged stair
(5) Open newel stair with quarter space landing
(6) Geometrical stairs such as circular stair, spiral stair etc.

Footings:

All sttuctures supported on earth of superstructure and substructure. The foundation can be defined
as the substructure which intetfaces the supersttuctme and the suppotting ground. Its putpose is to
transfer all loads Ji'om the supersttu ctme to ground safely and to provide stable base to the
superstructure.

4.6.2 Types of foundations:

Foundations are classified as shallow and deep foundations.

1. Shallow foundations:

• It has smaller depth limited to the width of footing. It spreads the load from supersttucture
on a larger area of soil so that stress intensity is reduced to a value which can be canied
safely by soil. They are classified as isolated and combined footing and combined footings.
 • An isolated footing supports one well or one column. A wall footing is a continuous strip,
either tlat or stepped which distributes the load of wall on the soil. An isolated footing
supporting a si ngle column is commonly used where the load on columns are small and are
not closely spaced. They are squared, rectangular ,circular or of other shapes.
• A combined footing supports two or more columns. They may classified as those which
supports two columns and those which support more than two columns. combined footing
supporting two colmm1s may be used for columns on property lines. Such footings may be
rectangular, trapezoidal or T shaped in plan or may consist of isolated footing connected
with a narrow beam.

2. Deep foundations:

• When the top layer of the soil is too weak to support the stmctme on the shallow
foundation, the depth of foundation is increased till more suitable soil is found to support
the structure. Such a foundation is tetmed as deep foundation because of its large depth.
Different types of deep foundation are pile and well foundation.

Bearing capacity of the soil:

• Bearing capacity of soil is the maximum intensity of the load or pressme developed under
the foundation without causing failure of soil and in settlement of superstmctme supported
on foundation.
 CHAPTER III
(DESIGNING)

3. DESIGNING OF STRUCTUTAL COMPONENTS

DESIG N OF SLAB

DATA

DIMENSION: 5.9111 X 4.35111

LIVE LOAD: 3 KN/1112

FLOOR FINISH: IKN/1112

TYPE OF SLAB

Lv/Lx= 5.9/4.35 = 1.35 < 2

TWO WAY SLAB

DEPTH

SPAN/DEPTH= 25

DEPTH= 174nun

ASSUME CLEAR COYER= 20nun

d = 200 nm1

EFFECTIVE SPAN

Clear Span+ eff Depth= 4.1+0.2 = 4.3111

Centre to Centre = 4.1 + 0.25 = 4.35111

Effecti ve Span = 4.3 111

LOAD CALCULATION
LIVE LOAD = 3 KN/m2

FLOOR FINISH = IKN/m 2

DEAD LOAD= 0.2 X 25 = 5 KN/m2

TOTAL LOAD = 9 KN/m2

FACTORED LOAD= 1.5 X 9 = 13.5 KN/m2

ULTIMATE MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE\

M, = •x X Wu X Lx2 = 0.096 X 13.5 X 4.35 2 = 24.523 KN-m

My= •y X Wu X Lx 2 = 0.053 X 13.5 X 4.352 = 13.553 KN-m

Yu = 0.5 X Wu X Lx = 0.5 X 13.5 X 4.35 = 29.362 KN

LIMITING MOMENT

Mu lim= 0.138 X FcK X b X d 2 =.> Mu lim = 110.4 KN-m

Hence section is Under-reinf orced

REINFORCEMENT
Mu = 0.87 X Fy X Ast X d ( 1- Fy X Ast/Fck X b X d )

24.523 X 10"6 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 200 (1- 415 X Ast /20 X 1000 X 200)

Ast = 814.90 nun2

Provide 12mm Dia bars @ 150 mm de

DISTRFFIUTION

Ast = 0.12% BD = 0.0012 X I 000 X 200 = 240 nun 2

Provide 8mm Dia bars @ 250mm c/c

CHECK SHEAR STRESS

Tv = Yulbd = 29.36 X 10"3/IOOOX200 = 0.1468

Pt = (100 X Ast)/bd = 0.4523

KTc = 1.2 X 0.456= 0.547 N/mm 2

KTc > Tv

SHEAR STRESS IS WITH IN SAFE PERMISSIBLE LIMIT

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION

(Ud)BASIC = 20

Pt = 0.2015 => Kt = 1.2

(Ud)MAX = 20 X 1.2 = 24

(Ud)ACT = 4350/200 = 21.75 < 24

HENCE DEFLECTION IS UNDER CONTROL.

TORSION REINFORCEMENT AT CORNER

Area of torsion Reinforcement= 0.75 X Ast = 611.175 nun 2

Length over which Torsional Reinforcement provided= Short span/5 = 870mm

Provide 8m111 dia bars at 160 nun C/C for 670mm at the corners.

Reinforcement Edge Sn·i ps = 0.12% Gross Area= 240 1111112

Provide 8 nun bars at 160 nun C/C

 DESIGN OF BEAM

DATA

DI MENSION: 5.9m

LIV E LOAD: 15.963KN/m

DEPTH

SPAN/DEPTH= 12

DEPTH = 550mm

ASSUME CLEAR COYER = 50m m

d = 600111111

EFFECTIVE SPAN

Clear Span+ eff Depth= 5.7+0.5 = 6.2111

Centre 10 Cenrre = 5.7 + 0.2= 5.9111

Effective Span= 5.9 m

LOAD CALCULATION

LIVE LOAD = 15.963 KN/111

DEAD LOAD= 0.3 X 0.6 X 25 = 4.5 KN/111

TOTAL LOAD= 19.963 KN/m

Wu = 1 .5 X 19.963 = 29.9445 KN/m

ULTIMATE MOMENT AND SH EAR FORCE

Mu =0.125 X Wu X L2=0.125 x 29.94X5.92 = 130.27 KN-m

Yu = 0.5 X W u XL = 0.5 X 29.94X5.9 = 88.32KN

LIMITING MOMENT

Mu lim= 0.138 X FcK X b X d 2 = 298.08KN-m

Mu < Mu lim

Hence section is Under-reinforced

REINFORCEMENT

Mu = 0.87 X Fy X Ast X d ( 1- Fy X Ast/Fck X b X d )

130.27 X 10"6 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 600 ( 1- 415 X Ast /20 X600 X 300)

Ast = 650 mm2

Provide #2 of 16mm dia bars with #2 of lOmm dia hanger bars

CHECK FOR SHEAR STRESS

Tv = Yu/bd = 88.32X 10"3/600X300 = 0.4906 N/mm2

Pt = (100 X Ast)/bd = 0.446

KTc = 1.2 X 0.3212 = 0.38544 N/mm2

KTc < Tv

Shear reinforcement required

Vus = Vu - (tcbd)

= 88.32 X 10"3 - (0.454 X 300 X 600) = 6.6 KN

Since shear is very Jess

Provide 8mm dia sti rrups @ 300mm de

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION

(Ud)BASIC = 20

Pt = 0.446 => Kt = I .4

(Ud)MAX = 20 X 1.4 X I X I = 29.2

(Ud)ACT = 4350/200 = 21.75 < 29.2

HENCE DEFLECTION IS UNDER CONTROL.

DESIGN OF BEAM (2)

DATA

DIMENSION: 4.35m

LIV E LOAD: 15.963KN/m

DEPTH

SPAN/DEPTH= 15

DEPTH = 350nun

ASSU ME CLEAR COVER = 50mm

d =400 mm

EFFECTIVE SPAN

Clear Span+ eff Depth = 4.1 +0.35 = 4.45m

Centre to Centre = 4.35m

Effective Span = 4.35 m

LOAD CALCULATION

LIVE LOAD = I 5.963 KN/m

DEA D LOAD= 0.3 X 0.4 X 25 = 3 KN/ m

TOTA L LOAD= 18.963 KN/m

Wu = 1.5 X 19.963 = 28.445 KN/m

ULTIMATE MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE\

Mu = 0.125 X Wu X L2 = 0.125 x 29.94X5.9 2 = 67.26 KN-m

Yu = 0.5 X W u XL = 0.5 X 29.94X5.9 = 61.857KN

LIMITING MOMENT

Mu lim= 0.138 X FcK X b X d 2 = 132.48 KN-m

Mu < Mu lim

Hence section is Under-reinforced

REINFORCEMENT
Mu = 0.87 X Fy X Ast X d ( 1- Fy X Ast/Fck X b X d )

67.26 X 10"6 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 400 (1 - 415 X Ast /20 X400 X 300)

Ast = 572.73 nun2

Provide #3 of 16mm dia bars with #2 of lOmm dia hanger bars

CHECK FOR SHEAR STRESS

Tv = Yulbd = 61.851X 10"3/400X300 = 0.515 N/mm2

Pt = (100 X Ast)/bd =0.502

Tc = 0.4806 N/n11n2
Tc< Tv
Shear reinforcement required

Vus = Vu - (tcbd)
= 61 .851 - (0.454 X 300 X 400) X I OA3 = 6.6 KN
Since sh ear is very Jess

Provide Smm dia stirrups @ 300mm c/c

CHECK FOR DEFLECTION

(Ud)BASIC = 20
Pt = 0.502 => Kt = 1.46

(Udh1Al( = 20 X 1.46 X IX I = 29.2

(Ud)Acr = 4350/200 = 21.75 < 29.2

HENCE DEFLECf ON IS UNDER CONTROL.

DESIG N OF COLUMN

DATA
DIMENSION: 0.3m X 0.3m

FACTORED LOAD: 926.508 KN

Fck = 20 N/mm2

Fy = 415 N/mm2

SLENDERNESS RATIO:

UD= 3.210.3 = 10.66

Column is designed as slender col umn

MINIMUM ECCENTRICITY
Enlin = (U500 + D/30) = 6.4 + 10 = 16.4nun < 20mm

Also 0.05d = 0.05 X 300 = 15nun < 20nun

ULTIMATE MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE\

Mu = 0.125 X Wu X L 2 = 0.125 x 13.5 x 4.1 2 = 28.36 KN-m

Yu = 0.5 X W u XL = 0.5 X 13.5 X 4.1 = 27.67 KN

LIMITING MOMENT

Mu lim= 0.138 X FcK X b X d2 = 110.4 KN-m

Mu < M u lim

Hence section is Under-reinforced

REINFORCEMENT
Pu = [0.4 X Fck X Ag + (0.67 Fy - 0.4 Fck)Asc]

911.508 X 10"3 = [0.4 X 20 X 300X 300 + (0.67 X 415- 0.4 X 20) Asc

Asc = 720 nun2

Provide #4 of16mm Dia bars with two bars faced

LATERAL TIES:

I ) DIA = q> </ {0.25 x DIA m in= 4mm } => Prov i de 8mm Di a bars

2) Spacing

Least Dimension = 300nun

16 X Dia max = 256nun

Generally = 300nm1

Provide 8 mm dia laterial ties @ 250 mm c/c

DESIG N OF FOUNDATION

DATA
LIVE LOAD = 911.508 KN

DEAD LOAD =25 X 0.3 X 0.3 X 3.2 =7.2 KN

TOTAL LOAD = 918.708 KN

PERMISSiBLE STRESS = 500 KN/1112

ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY= 200 KN/1112

BASE AREA

A= LOAD/ qa = 918.708/200 = 4.6 1112

Design a Square footing (since col unm is a square)\

Length= 2.2111

Af = 2.2 X 2.2 = 4.84 1112

BENDING MOMENT

BM = [qa X B X (B-df)/8 = 188.43 KN-111

MU = 1.5 X 188.43 = 282.645 KN-111

D = [MU/ 0.138 X Fck X b)"1/2

D= 0.21111 = 210 nun= 300111111 (say)

REINFORCEMENT

Mu = 0.87 X Fy X Ast X d ( 1- Fy X Ast/Fck X b X d )

282.645 X 10"6 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X 300 (I- 415 X Ast /20 X2200 X 300)

Ast = 2868.05 mm 2

Provide #15 of 16mm dia bars @ 190 mm c/c in both direction.

DESIG N OF LINTEL BEAM

DEPTH
SPAN/DEPTH= 20

DEPTH = 70nun

ASSUME DEPTH D = 150nun

BREATH OF LINTEL =THiCKNESS OF WALL= 250mm

DIMENSION= 0.25m X 0.15m

EFFECTIVE SPAN

Clear Span + eff Depth= 1.2 + 0.2 = 1.4m

Centre to CentTe = 1.2 + 0.15 = I .35m

Effecti ve Span = 1.35 m

LOAD CALCULATION

WEIGHT OF WALL OYER LNTEL = 0.9 X 0.25 X 19.5= 4.3875 KN/m

DEAD LOAD = 0.15 X 0.25 X 25 = 0.9375 KN/m

TOTAL LOAD = 5.325KN/m

FACTORED LOAD (Wu) = 1.5 X 5.325 = 7.9875 KN/m

ULTIMATE MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCE\

Mu = 0.125 X Wu X L 2 = 0.125 x 7.9875X5.92 = 67.26 KN-m

LIMITING MOMENT

Mu lim= 0.138 X FcK X b X d 2 = 15.525 KN-m

Mu < Mu lim

Hence section is Under-reinforced

REINFORCEMENT

Mu = 0.87 X Fy X Ast X d ( 1- Fy X Ast/Fck X b X d )

1.956 X 10"6 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast X !50 (1- 415 X Ast /20 X250 X !50)

Ast = 36.86 nun2

But Ast minimum= 0.87 X b X d I Fy = 78.61 nun2

Provide #2 of 1Omm dia bars with #2 of Smm dia hanger bars

Provide stirrups of8mm dia @ 200 mm de.

DESIGN OF STAIR CASE

DATA

Staircase space= 2.2m X 3.2m

Live Load = 4 KN/m2 (As per IS 875 (part-2) 1987)

DIMENSION

Riser = J60mm; Tread = 300mm

Width of stair = 2200/2 -100 = I OOOnun

<I>= (300 2 + 160 2 /250)"1/2 = 1 .36

No of Riser = 3200/160 = 20

No of Riser per flight = 10

No of Tread = 10 - 1 = 9

Going= 300 X 9 = 2.7m

Width of landing= 3.2 - 2.7 = 0.5 => 0.5 X 2 = lm

DESIG N OF FLIGHT

Type= One way slab

Span = 3.57m

Depth

(Lid)= 20 (simpl y supported slab)=> d = 140nun

Pt = 0.4 %
0
1= 1.32 for Fs = 240 N/nun2

D= 140 + 20 = 160 nun

LOAD CALCULATION

Live Load = 4 KN/m2

Sel fweight = 25 X D X q> = 25 X 0.16 X 1.187 = 4.748 KN/m2

Weight of steps = 25 X 0.16/2 = 2 KN/m2

Floor Finish =I KN/m2

Total Load = 11.748 KN/m2

Factored Load = 1.5 X 11.748 = 17.622 KN/m2

ULTIMATE MOMENT

Mu max= Wul218 = 17.622 X 3.57 218 = 28.07 KN-m

Limiting Moment

Mu lim= 0.138 X FcK X b X d2 = 54.096 KN-m

Mu < Mu lim

Hence Under reinforced section

REINFORCEMENT

Mu = 0.87 X Fy X Ast X d ( 1- Fy X Ast/Fck X b X d )

Ast = 670 mm2

Provide IOnun dia bars @ 130nun c/c

Distribution Reinforcement

Ast min= 0.12% BD = 0.0012 X I 000 Xl60 = 180nun2

Provide 8mm dia bars @ 250mm c/c

CHECK FOR DEFLECI'ION
Pt = 1 00 X 670 I 1000 X 140 = 0.47 %

Fs = 232 N/mm 2; Pt = 0.47 %; 0 I = 1.31

0 =3170/1.31 X 20= 130mm < 1 40mm

Hence safe against Deflection

DESIG N OF SEPTIC TANK

Flow of Sew age = 20 X140 II 000 = 2.8 m3/day

Detention Period = 24 Hrs

Tank Capacity = 2.8 X 24/24 = 2.8 m3

Assume tank cleaned once in one years

I. Space required for storage of sludge= 0.0708 m3/capita = 20 X 0.0708 = 1.4 m3 = 1.5.m3

2. Space required for sludge digestion= 0.03 m3/ Capita= 20 X 0.03 = 0.6 m3

Add 25 o/o Extra = 25/100 X 2.8 = 0.7 m3

Total Tank Capaci ty= 2.8 + 1.5 + 0.6 + 0.7 = 5.6 m3

Let Depth of Liquid = lm

Plan Area= 5.6/1 = 5.6m2

L =3 XB

38 X B = 5.6; B = 1.36 = 1.4

L = 4.2m

Area of Tank= 4.2 X 1.4 = 5.88 m2 > 5.6m2

Assume f ree board = 0.3m

Depth= I + 0.3 = !.3m

Size of Tank = 4.2m X 1.4m X 1.3m

Liquid Capacity = 6.5 m3

ESTIMATION
 MANAGEMENT METHODS

Critical Path Method

The Critical Path Method (CPM) is one of several related techniques for doing project planning.
CPM is for projects that are made up of a number of individual "activities." Ifsome of the activities
require other activities to finish before they can start, then the project becomes a complex web of
activities.

Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

PERT is a network analysis technique which is used to determine the time it will take to complete
a complex process.

Formula

Expected Duration = (Optimistic+ 4 X Likely+ Pesimistic)/6

Standard Deviation= (Pesimistic- Optimistic)/6

S.NO DESCRIPTION NOTATION DURATION(DAYS)

1 Site Clearance A 2
2 Earthwork Excavation B 6
3 Shuttering c 12
4 Laying of fou ndation D 10

5 Earth filling cum foundation E 15

reinforcement

6 Bar Bending Work F 10

7 Brick Work G 18

8 Roofing concrete with Lintel level H 9

beam laying with shuttering

9 Ground floor work I 15

10 Laying Electrification and Plumbing J 15

11 Wood Work K 20
12 Plastering L 15
13 Sanitary Work M 10
14 Finishing Work N 15
15 White Washing 0 12
16 Color Washing p 15
ACfiVTY OPTIMISTIC LIKELY PESIMISTIC EXPECTED ST.DEVIATION VAR.

A 1 2 5 2.33 0.667 0.44

B 4 6 10 6.33 1 1

c 10 12 15 12.16 0.833 0.693

D 8 10 13 10.16 0.833 0.693

E 12 15 18 15 1 1

F 6 10 14 10 1.33 1.768

G 15 18 20 17.83 0.833 0.693

H 7 9 11 9 0.66 0.435

I 12 15 18 15 1 1

J 10 15 17 14.5 1.16 1.345

K 16 20 24 20 1.33 1.768

L 12 15 18 15 1 1

M 8 10 12 10 0.66 0.435

N 12 15 17 14.8 0.833 0.693

0 10 12 15 12.16 0.833 0.693

p 12 15 18 15 1 1

Project Duration = 180.11 Days

Standard Deviation of the project = 13.479 Days
PROBABILITY

•!• Project to be completed after 190 days:

z = (190-180.11)/13.479 = 0.733
From Log table

Probability= 1 - 0.7673 = 0.2327

Project to be completed after 190 days is 23.27%

•!• Project to be completed before 160 days:

z = (160-180.110)/13.479 = -1.491
From Log table

Probability= 0.0681

Project to be completed before 160 days is 6.81%

•!• Project to be completed between 160 to 190 days

Probability= 1-0.2327-0.0681 = 0.6992

Project to be between 160 days to 190 days is 69.92%

•!• Number of days for completion of project with 90% probability

From Log Table

1.28 + [(0.09-0.08) X (0.90-0.8997) I (6.9015-0.8997) = 1.281667

Days= 180.11+1.281667 X 13.429 = 197.32

Number of days for completion with 90% probability is 197.32 = 198

Days
 Conclusion

We come to the concluding part of the project residential building . A complete planning of these
project sectional details has been prepared and reinforcement details are enclosed. Various
components such as dome cover slab, cylindrical walls, rectangular beam, floor slab, and footing are
designed by working stress method M20 grade concrete and Fe 425 steel. In project the code as per
provisions 1978 and IS 456-2000.The estimating of residential building at Kadavarayan patti has been
done using current schedule of rates.
REFERENCES
Books used:
I. B.C. Punmia, "Limit state design of Reinforced concrete"
Laxmi Publications (P) Ltd, New Delhi .

2. S.Ramamrutham (2010), "Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures"

3. Ashok kumar Jain,Amn kumar Jain "Soil Mechanics & Foundations"

Laxmi Publications (P) Ltd, New Delhi .

4. Dr.K.R.Arorra, "Soil mechanics & Foundation Engineering"

Standard publishers Distribution-New Delhi .

5. B.N.Dutta, "Estimation and Costing in Civil Engineering" USB

Publishers Disttibutions (p)Ltd New Delhi .

6. KK.Chitkara "Construction Project Management-Planning"

Tata McGraw-Hill publishing Limited, New Delhi.
IS CODES USED:

I. IS 456 : 2000 "Plain and Reinforced Concrete - code of practice"

Foutth Revision - section 3 (clauses I9, 23, 26) - section 4(33)

2. IS 875 (Part I, Part 2 & Part 3), "Code of practice for

Design loads (other than earthquake) for buildings & structures"

3. SP 7 National Building Code (NBC) of India I983

Group I - Part II, III, IV, V and X

4. SP 7 National Building Code of India (NBC)- 2000

5. SP I6 - I980 Design Aids for Rei nforced Concrete -Section 2, 3 and 5

6. SP 34 - I987 Hand book on Concrete Rei nforced & Detaili ng.

7. IS 29 II (Part I/Sec2) - 1979 "Code of Practice for Design And Construction of Pile
Foundations"

8. IS 1893 (Part I): 2002 "Criteria for Ea1thquake Resistant Design of structures"

9. IS 13920 : 1993 "Ductile Detailing Of Rei nforced Concrete Structures Subjected to Seismic
Forces - Code Of Practice"