General Anatomy Notes

Scalp
 Extends to supraorbital margin anteriorly, highest nuchal line
posteriorly, and highest temporal line laterally.
 Skin, CT, and Apeneurosis are like one layer moving on the loose areolar
tissue over the periosteum.
 Scalp infection is localized.

Nerve supplies
 Frontal bellies: facial nerve (temporal branch)
 Occipital bellies: facial nerve (posterior auricular branch)

Arterial supplies
 Supra-trochlear artery: Common carotid > Internal carotid > Opthalmic >
Supra-trochlear.
- Supplied forehead and scalp.
 Supra-orbital artery: Common carotid > Internal carotid > Opthalmic >
Supra-orbital.
- Supplies forehead and scalp (up to lambdoid suture.
 Superficial temporal artery: Common carotid > External carotid > inside
parotid gland > superficial temporal artery > frontal & parietal.
 Posterior auricular artery: Common carotid > External carotid >
Posterior auricular
- Supplies scalp behind auricle.
 Occipital artery: Common carotid > External carotid > Occipital
- Supplies back of the scalp.
Veinous supplies
 Supra-trochlear + supra-orbital vein > anterior facial > common facial >
internal jugular.
 Superficial temporal vein > retro-mandibular > anterior & posterior
branches > Internal & External Jugular.
 Posterior auricular vein > posterior branch of retro-mandibular >
external jugular.
 Occipital vein > suboccipital plexus.

Nerve supplies
Anteriorly:
Nerve Origin Supplies
Supra-orbital Ophthalmic of trigeminal - medial of upper eyelid
(sensory)
- forehead

-scalp

Supra-trochlear Ophthalmic of trigeminal - middle of upper eyelid

(sensory)
- forehead

- scalp to lambdoid suture

Zygomatico-temporal Maxillary of trigeminal - anterior of temple

(sensory)

Auriculo-temporal Mandibular of trigeminal - posterior of temple

(sensory)
- outer upper auricle

- external auditory meatus

- ear drum

Temporal Facial nerve - frontal bellies of occipito-

(motor) frontalis

- upper part of orbicularis oculi

Posteriorly:
Nerve Origin Supplies
Great Auricular Cervical plexus - small part behind auricle
(sensory)
- lower auricle

- skin over parotid

- angle of mandible

Greater Occipital Cervical plexus - inner upper auricle

(sensory)
- lateral back of scalp

Lesser Occipital C2 nerve - back of scalp

(sensory)

3rd Occipital C3 nerve - skin over external occipital

(sensory) protuberance

Posterior Auricular Facial nerve - occipital bellies of occipito-

(motor) frontalis