Arellano University

General Chemistry

Experiment No. 3
Classification Matter

Theory

A chemical substance is a form of matter that has a constant chemical composition and
characteristic properties. It cannot be separated into components without breaking chemical
bonds. Chemical substances can be solids, liquids, gases, or plasma. Changes in temperature
or pressure can cause substances to shift between the different phases of matter. An element
is a chemical substance that is made up of a particular kind of atom and hence cannot be
broken down or transformed by a chemical reaction into a different element. All atoms of an
element have the same number of protons, though they may have different numbers of neutrons
and electrons. A pure chemical compound is a chemical substance that is composed of a
particular set of molecules or ions that are chemically bonded. Two or more elements combined
into one substance through a chemical reaction, such as water, form a chemical compound. All
compounds are substances, but not all substances are compounds. A chemical compound can
be either atoms bonded together in molecules or crystals in which atoms, molecules, or ions
form a crystalline lattice. Compounds made primarily of carbon and hydrogen atoms are called
organic compounds, and all others are called inorganic compounds. Compounds containing
bonds between carbon and a metal are called organometallic compounds. A mixture is a
material system made up of two or more different substances, which are mixed but not
combined chemically. A mixture refers to the physical combination of two or more substances in
which the identities of the individual substances are retained. Mixtures take the form of alloys,
solutions, suspensions, and colloids.

Objectives:

1. To distinguish between physical and chemical change

2. To classify matter as element, compound or mixture.

Materials:

Test tubes test tube rack dropper/pipette test tube brush

Beaker evaporating dish alcohol lamp tripod
Wire gauze watch glass spatula

Procedure:

Part I. Changes in Matter

A. Change in Color
1. In two separate test tubes, place 2 mL of 1% iodine solution. To the first test tube, add
1 mL of CCl4 and shake. Add 1 mL of starch solution to both test tubes. Observe.
2. In two separate test tubes, place 2 mL of 1 M K2CrO4. To the first test tube, add 2 mL of
6M H2SO4 and 2 mL alcohol. Note the changes in color after the addition to each
reagent. To test tube 2, add 2 mL of 6M NaOH. Record your observations.

B. Formation of Gas
 1. In a test tube, place a pinch of iodine crystals. Heat the test tube under high
temperature until the crystal is completely vaporized. Cool. Add 5 drops of water and 2
drops of starch solution. Observe.
2. In a test tube containing 2 mL of dilute HCl, drop a piece of Zn metal. Note the formation
of bubbles.

C. Formation of a Solid (Precipitate)

1. In an evaporating dish, place 1 mL of saturated NaCl solution, Heat he solution to
dryness. Observe the crystal formed.
2. Place 2 mL of K2CrO4 in a test tube. Add BaCl2 solution. Record your observations.

D. Disappearance of a Solid
1. Heat a small piece of naphthalene. Observe.
2. In a test tube containing 5 mL of water, place a pinch of CaC2. Observe.

E. Evolution or Absorption of Heat

1. In a test tube containing 5 mL of water, add 1 gram of NaOH pellets. Touch the bottom
part of the test tube and note the change in temperature.
2. In a test tube containing 5 mL of water, add 1 gram of NH 4Cl. Touch the bottom part of
the test tube and note the change in temperature.

Part II. Classification of Matter

A. Pure Substance
1. Note down the color, state and solubility in water of the following substances. Classify if
it is an element or a compound: copper wire, mercury, sugar, sulfur powder, NaCl,
CaCO3, benzene, CuSO4.

B. Mixture
1. In a mortar, grind 0.5 grams of NaCl and 0.5 grams of benzoic acid. What type of
mixture is formed?
2. Transfer the mixture into a test tube and add 5 mL of water. Shake and filter. Which of
the two is soluble in water?
3. Evaporate the filtrate in an evaporating dish. What is the residue left?
4. In a watch glass, mix 0.5 grams of iron filings and 0.5 grams of sulfur. What type of
mixture is formed? Place a bar magnet near the watch glass. Observe.
 Arellano University
General Chemistry

Experiment No. 2
Matter

Name ______________________________ ___________________________

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Data and Results:

Observation/Substance Formed Classification

Change in Color

1. I2 + CCl4 + starch
I2 + starch

2. K2CrO4 + H2SO4 + NaOH

K2CrO4 + NaOH

Formation of Gas

1. Heated I2 + water + starch

2. Zn + HCl

Formation of a Solid

1. Heated NaCl solution

2. K2CrO4 + BaCl2

Disappearance of a Solid

1. Heated naphthalene

2. CaC2 + water

Evolution or Absorption of Heat

1. NaOH pellets + water

2. NH4Cl + water

Part II. Classification of Matter

 Substance Color State Solubility in Water Classification
copper wire
Mercury
Sugar
sulfur
powder
NaCl
CaCO3
Benzene
CuSO4

B. Mixture
1. __________________________________________________________________________

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2. __________________________________________________________________________

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3. _________________________________________________________________________

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4. __________________________________________________________________________

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Interpretation of Results:

Part I.
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Part II.
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Conclusions:
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