The Impact of Depression and other Mental Health Problems on

Selected Grade 12 CP1202 Students of ACSHS during COVID-19

Pandemic

A Research Paper
Presented to the Faculty of
Antipolo City Senior High School
Antipolo City

In partial fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Subject
Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion

Researchers:
Clare Angela Chavez
John Christian Ferrer
Ahna Rose Licauan
Mark Joseph Bitas

CP1202

Practical Research Adviser:

Mrs. Marianne Alleta
 Acknowledgement
We dedicate this research to the students who suffered from procrastination in
times of pandemic, knowing that also us, researchers, have our own
procrastinations and struggles. We would like to justify this research as a little
help to the students to address their procrastinations.

ii
 Table of Contents

Chapter 1: The Problem and Its Background..................... 1

 Background of the Study

 Statement of the Problem
 Significance of the Study
 Scope and Limitations of the Study

Chapter 2: Conceptual Framework .............................. 3

 Related Studies
 Conceptual Model of the Study
 Research Assumptions
 Definition of Terms

Chapter 3: Methodology........................................ 5

 Method of Research
 Subjects of the Study
 Description of Research Instrument
 Data Gathering Procedure
 Statistical Treatment Applied


Chapter 5: Summary of Findings, Conclusions, and

Recommendations..............................................11

 Summary of Findings
 Conclusions
 Recommendations
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
CURRICULUM VITAE
 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

This chapter includes the Background of the Study, Statement of

the Problem, Conceptual Framework, Significance of the Study,
Scope and Limitations of the Study, and Definition of Terms.

Background of the Study

We all have times when we feel down, but depression is about
more than feeling sad or fed up for a few days. Depression causes
a low mood that lasts a long time and affects your daily life.
Depression affects an estimated one in 15 adults (6.7%) in any
given year. And one in six people (16.6%) will experience
depression at some time in their life. Depression can occur at
any time, but on average, first appears during the late teens to
mid-20s. Women are more likely than men to experience depression.
Some studies show that one-third of women will experience a major
depressive episode in their lifetime. There is a high degree of
heritability (approximately 40%) when first-degree relatives
(parents/children/siblings) have depression. The death of a loved
one, loss of a job or the ending of a relationship are difficult
experiences for a person to endure. It is normal for feelings of
sadness or grief to develop in response to such situations. Those
experiencing loss often might describe themselves as being
“depressed.” But being sad is not the same as having depression.
The grieving process is natural and unique to each individual and
shares some of the same features of depression. Brain chemistry
may contribute to an individual’s depression and may factor into
their treatment. For this reason, antidepressants might be
prescribed to help modify one’s brain chemistry. These
medications are not sedatives, “uppers” or tranquilizers. They
are not habit-forming. Generally, antidepressant medications have
no stimulating effect on people not experiencing depression.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is drastically changing the

lives of people, including the lives of young people. Schools and
universities have closed, exams and events postponed, the usual
health information services are limited, socializing with friends
and wider family is highly discouraged and in some places even
punishable. Living in these circumstances can be tough for young
people for their social, physical and mental wellbeing. As
countries introduce measures to restrict movement as part of
efforts to reduce the number of people infected with COVID-19,
more and more of us are making huge changes to our daily
routines. The new realities of working from home, temporary
unemployment, home-schooling of children, and lack of physical
contact with other family members, friends and colleagues take
time to get used to. Adapting to lifestyle changes such as these,
and managing the fear of contracting the virus and worry about
people close to us who are particularly vulnerable, are
challenging for all of us. They can be particularly difficult for
people with mental health conditions. Existing mental illness
among adolescents may be exacerbated by the pandemic, and with
many school closures, they do not have the same access to key
mental health services. Prior to the pandemic, more than one in
ten (16%) adolescents ages 12 to 17 had anxiety and/or
depression.7 Children may experience mental distress during the
pandemic due to disruption in routines, loss of social contact,
or stress in the household. Additionally, child abuse may
be increasing during the pandemic. Child abuse-related emergency
department (ED) visits dropped during the COVID-19 outbreak;
however, the severity of injuries among child abuse-related ED
visits has increased and resulted in more hospitalizations. Child
abuse can lead to immediate emotional and psychological problems
and is also an adverse childhood experience (ACE) linked to
possible mental illness and substance misuse later in
life. Educators play a critical role in the identification and
reporting of child abuse. However, with school closures and stay-
at-home orders, it is likely that many cases are going
undetected, and that at-risk children have increased exposure at
home to their abusers.

Depression is significantly correlated with poor academic

grades, and students with higher ratings of depression are less
likely to graduate from high school (Forehand, Brody, Long, &
Fauber, 1988). Cognitive issues may include low tolerance for
frustration and negative patterns of thinking. Depressed
students often give up more quickly on tasks they perceive as
daunting, refuse to attempt academic work they find too
difficult, and quickly doubt their ability to independently
complete academic tasks or solve problems. Memory, speech,
physical and motor activity, and the ability to plan may also
be affected. Many depressed children and adolescents are
lethargic, speak laboriously, and have difficulty completely
expressing thoughts and ideas. In the Philippines, the mental
health issues students experience during distance learning are
due to an "interplay" of factors, said one of the country's top
psychiatrists, who added that such issues cannot be solely
attributed to the difficulties of the revamped education
system. "It’s a very complex issue or concern. We need to look at
it as an interplay of a lot of factors. These factors are
biological, psychological, social, and sometimes spiritual," Dr
Joan Rifareal of the Philippine Psychiatric Association told
Rappler in an interview on Wednesday, October 21. The Philippines
currently has a landmark mental health law which secures the
rights of persons with mental health needs, provides mental
health services, and promotes mental health education to schools,
barangays, and workplaces. The DepEd shifted to distance
learning for the coming school year to comply with President
Rodrigo Duterte's directive for schools to delay face-to-face
classes until a coronavirus vaccine becomes available. There was
a heated debate in the country about when and how to start
classes in the middle of an untamed crisis. Parents and students
pointed out their lack of finances to acquire gadgets needed for
distance learning. On October 5, over 24 million students in the
country started classes again during the pandemic. Despite issues
experienced by students, teachers, and parents, Education
Secretary Leonor Briones said that the school opening was a
success. – Rappler.com

The purpose of the study is to know the impact of

distance learning to the Grade 12 students in terms of their
academic performance. This will serve as a reference that they
are struggling in this school year and the ineffectiveness or
effectiveness and the impact of the distance learning.

Statement of the Problem

This study wants to know the Effects of Distance Learning on
the Academic Performance of Selected Grade 12 CP Students of
ACSHS.

Specifically, this will serve as a key answer to the following

questions:
1. What are the profile of the respondents in terms of:
o Mental health during face-to-face (normal)
o Mental health during COVID-19 pandemic
2. Is there a significant difference between students’ life
before and during the pandemic?
3. How does pandemic affect the student’s mental health?
 4. What is the most significant problem/difficulty that
affects the student’s mental health?
5. What can you conclude/summarize about the conducted
study?
Significance of the Study
The following are the one who will be greatly benefitted from the
study:

Teachers. When a student is beginning to feel overwhelmed with

anxiety, the teacher should know how to cope some possibilities
on how to deal with their problems as they acquire some facts on
this research study.

Students. The students will make the students realize that they
must fight up their mental stressors. They will catch up some
suggestive ideas that will make them fight the stressor and
lessen them to build up their self in these trying times of
pandemic.

Parents. The result of this study would serve as a guide to the

parents. This will broaden their ideas on how they would be able
to help their children in their study, to help them take
practical steps and by encouraging them. They would also be able
to differentiate the time from where they can intervene, with
school related activities of their children and the moment where
they should allow them to make decisions on their own. This study
will help make them, to be more open to the alternative ways for
their children to harness their skill and knowledge.

Future Researchers. The output of the study could relate to their

research and broaden their perspective regarding the issue about
student’s procrastination and an emergence of a new theory that
relates to the formulation of objective research and aim
application of data collection methods or brainstorm easily. The
study itself could encourage researchers to be more aware of this
topic and other related issues with our current students’ 4
situation in dealing their own mental health problems and help
them to find ways on how the subject of the research and other
related personnel could adapt to it.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

This study is limited only in 20 Grade 12 CP1202 Students in
Antipolo City Senior High School (ACSHS) enrolled during the
school year 2020-2021. This study is all about the Impact of
Depression and other Mental Health Problems on Selected Grade 12
CP1202 Students of ACSHS during COVID-19 Pandemic.

CHAPTER 2
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Introduction

This chapter presents the related literatures, articles, and

former researches, synthesis, and hypothesis that will give us
more information and knowledge on the topic study being
conducted.

Related Literatures
Rotas E., Cahapay M. (2020) – They said that most educational
systems across the world have migrated to remote learning
modality as a measure against the spread of the coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19). This phenomenon is causing a lot of
difficulties especially as voiced out by students in the context
of developing countries. They attempt to describe the
difficulties in remote learning of university students in the
Philippines in the wake of the COVID-19 crisis. Their result of
the content analysis revealed the following categories of
difficulties in remote learning: unstable internet connectivity;
inadequate learning resources; electric power interruptions;
vague learning contents; overloaded lesson activities; limited
teacher scaffolds; poor peer communication; conflict with home
responsibilities; poor learning environment; financial related
problems; physical health compromises; and mental health
struggles
Wang, X., et. Al (2020) – Their evidence suggests that the COVID-
19 pandemic has generally increased levels of stress and
depression among the public. However, the impact on college
students in the United States has not been well-documented. As
they conduct study, the proportion of respondents showing
depression, anxiety, and/or suicidal thoughts is alarming.
Respondents reported academic-, health-, and lifestyle-related
concerns caused by the pandemic. Given the unexpected length and
severity of the outbreak, these concerns need to be further
understood and addressed.

Cullen, W., et. Al (2020) - They recommend the provision of

targeted psychological interventions for communities affected by
COVID-19, particular supports for people at high risk of
psychological morbidity, enhanced awareness and diagnosis of
mental disorders (especially in primary care and emergency
departments) and improved access to psychological interventions
(especially those delivered online and through smartphone
technologies). These measures can help diminish or prevent future
psychiatric morbidity.

Tee, M., et. Al (2021) – According to their summary, during the

COVID-19 pandemic, Filipinos (LMIC) respondents reported
significantly higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress
than Chinese (UMIC). Filipino respondents were more likely to
report physical symptoms resembling COVID-19 infection, recent
use of medical services with lower confidence, recent direct and
indirect contact with COVID, concerns about family members
contracting COVID-19 and dissatisfaction with health information
than Chinese. For the current COVID-19 and future pandemic,
Middle income countries need to adopt the strategic approach to
safeguard physical and mental health by establishing cost-
effective and widely available testing for people who present
with COVID-19 symptoms; provision of high quality and accurate
health information about COVID-19 by health authorities. Our
findings urge middle income countries to prevent ostracization of
a particular ethnic group, learn from each other, and unite to
address the challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic and safeguard
physical and mental health.

Conceptual Model of the Study

The researchers The researchers The researchers

conduct a survey expected that
want to know the selected Grade 12
impact of questionnaire
students will
depression and for the answer negative
other mental collection of outcomes and
health to selected data. anticipate huge
impact on their
CP 1202 students mental health
during the pandemic
and will try to
address this
problem.

Research Assumptions
 Null Hypothesis: There are an impact to students’ mental
health in having difficulties on distance learning.
 Alternate Hypothesis: Some students who undergo distance
learning are having mental health problems not like before
the pandemic.
Definition of Terms:

COVID-19 - is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered

coronavirus.

Distance Leaning - is the education of students who may not

always be physically present at a school. Traditionally, this
usually involved correspondence courses wherein the student
corresponded with the school via mail. 

Mental health - a state of well-being in which the individual

realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal
stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is
able to make a contribution to his or her community.

Pandemic - A pandemic is an epidemic of an infectious disease

that has spread across a large region, for instance multiple
continents or worldwide, affecting a substantial number of
people.

Academic performance -  is the measurement of student

achievement across various academic subjects.

Effectiveness - the degree to which something is successful in

producing a desired result; success.
Depression - is a common and serious medical illness that
negatively affects how you feel, the way you think and how you
act. 

Perspective – the point of view of the researchers on the effects

of distance learning on the academic performance.

CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
Introduction
This chapter includes Method of Research, Subjects of the Study,
Description of Research Instrument, Data Gathering Procedure, and
Statistical Treatment Applied.
Method of Research
The kind of method we used in the study is the Quantitative
Method because it can give us exact data information, more
critical thinking for the analysis, and accurate data
information.
Subjects of the Study
The 20 respondents are the Grade 12 CP1202 students who came in
Antipolo City Senior High School, enrolled in the year 2021-2022,
undergoing distance learning.
Description of the Instrument
The survey questionnaire was used in conducting the survey. The
survey used the Likert Scale in arranging the score and
tabulation.
Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers made a survey questionnaire. Before it was
distributed, it was checked, approved and confirmed by their
research adviser. A letter of permission to conduct this study
and secured it to different sections.
Statistical Treatment Applied
To clarify the data, the researcher applied the following
statistical treatment. The researchers used this formula:
X=(Σx)/n

Where:
X- Mean
∑ - Summation
x – Sum of all respondent’s answers
n – The number of respondents

CHAPTER 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Introduction
This chapter presents different type of table that the
researchers gather using the survey questionnaire.
Result of the Study
The researcher’s respondents are 20 selected Grade 11 CP Students
of Antipolo City Senior High School.
Table 1.1

Average of respondents during face-to- Frequency

face class (last year)

75 5%
80-84 65%
85-89 30%

90 above 0%

The researchers have seen in Table 1.1 that the most frequent
range of the average grade of respondents during face-to-face
class is 80-84, leading of 65%.
Table 1.2
Average of respondents during distance Frequency
learning (3rd grading overall grade)

75 10%
80-84 30%
85-89 45%

90 above 15%

The researchers have seen in Table 1.2 that the most

frequent range of the average grade of respondents during
distance learning class is 85-89, leading of 45%.

Chart 1.1

Average of respondents during FACE-TO-FACE 9

Class (Last Year)
75 80-84 85-89 90 above

65

30

Respondents' Frequency

According to the chart, 65% of the respondents said that they have an
average of 80-84, the rest of respondents are 85-89 (30%), 75(5%), and 90
above (0%).
Chart 1.2
 Average of respondents during DISTANCE
LEARNING (3rd grading overall current grade)

75 80-84 85-89 90 above

45

30

15
10

Respondents' Frequency

According to the chart, 45% of the respondents said that they have an
average of 85-89, the rest of respondents are 80-84 (30%), 90 above (15%), and
75 (10%).
Table 2
What are the SA A FA DA SDA Ave.
impact of (5) (4) (3) (2) (1) 10
depression and
other mental
health to the
students?
1. I can’t eat properly.

2. Continuous lack of
sleep/insomnia.

3. I’m burnout due to

overloaded tasks

4. My depression worsen
due to family problems
and little fights.

5. I have no hope in
living like this. I
need some help.
6. Due to lack of
understanding, I can’t
do my modules and it
keeps me anxious.

7. I sometimes cry and

experience mental
breakdowns.

8. My depression gives me
a negative outcomes to
the point I’m scared
of doing things.

TOTAL:
 Chart 2

Results of the Survey

"How does distance learning affect students’ academic performance?"
Statement 1 Statement 2 Statement 3 Statement 4 Statement 5 Statement 6 Statement 7 Statement 8
10 10

8 8 8

7 7 7

6 6

5 5 5 5 5

4 4 4

3 3 3 3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2

1 1 1 1 1

0 0 0 0

Strongly Agree Agree Fairly Agree Disagree Strongly Disagree

The researchers have seen in Table 2 that the highest average are
statement 2, 6, and 7, gaining of an average of 3.84(FA).

The results of the survey in Chart 2 shows that the most stated
reason of the respondents are statement 2 (A), and 3 (A) gaining
almost 50% of the respondents.

12
 CHAPTER 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings

The study that the researcher focuses is the Effects of

Distance Learning on the Academic Performance of Selected Grade
11 CP Students of ACSHS enrolled during the school year 2020-
2021. In this study the researchers used quantitative method that
include formalized data and research and processes that proceed
from formulating of research statements, research design and the
selection of analyzing data to interpretation. The survey
questionnaire is made into form of Likert scale.
Based on the findings of the researchers, the effects of
distance learning on the academic performance of Selected Grade
11 CP Students of ACSHS are dealing with depression due to COVID
pandemic, feeling tardy due to overloaded tasks, and etc.

Conclusion

Based on the findings of the researchers, the following are

the conclusions that the researchers stated.

1. The students who most gained the effects of distance learning are
respondents with an average of 80-84 (65%) from face-to-face
class and 85-89 (45%) from distance learning as stated in Table
1.1 and Table 1.2
2. The factor that most affect the students is statement 2, 6, and
7, with an average score of 3.84 (A), as stated in Table 2.

3. The research has proven that there are significant differences on

average students’ academic performance before and during the
pandemic? The worst thing is that it adds fear (to the COVID) for
the students. Also, due to the closure of establishments during
the pandemic, almost a lot of parents lost their job and couldn’t
provide financial needs for their children especially to their
schooling. The rest are mostly common factors are seen in the
study.

13
Recommendations

Teachers. The researchers recommend that they must learn to force

not their students to catch up to their activities. No one knows
how affected the students are. No one has ever been in this
situation before, which means there is no way to know how your
students will have fared over the past months of lockdown, social
distancing and isolation. When childhood development experts have
been asked about past studies and research on the matter of
isolation, many have thrown up their hands with nothing to
reference. Show that you care for your students. Help your
students to understand the situation so they could build up
coping strategies and mechanics for them to catch up on their
studies.

Students. The researchers recommend to cope their problems based

on their situations and more likely what will make them break
free from stress and anxiety. Coping strategies are more
situation dependent, we are not sure whether our findings are
temporary. Although we hope that students’ health will become
normal once COVID-19 is eradicated, we do not know whether this
pandemic and stress will result in long-term effect on students’
health. Moreover, the absence of vaccine as relevant coping
strategies and effective prevention for COVID-19 may also
contribute to the high level of fear and stress during the
pandemic. 

Parents. They must understand the situation of the student. Being

their parents, they must be supportive and caring to their
children. This serves as the most effective way of learning to
happen. They must guide to the progress and milestone of their
children in reaching their dreams. They must take actions when
their children have problems that affect their academic
performance (includes coping anxiety/depression, tardiness of
student, academic pressure, etc.)

Future Researcher. As future researchers, they must understand

and focus on this study. In brainstorming and finding answers in
the study, their study must be accurate and efficient. They must
know the importance of this study. They must find proofs and
evidences that will support to their study (i.e. Related
Literatures, Related Studies, and supporting details about the
effects of distance learning to the academic performance of
students).

14

16

16
 Bibliography

Rotas, E., Cahapay, M. - Difficulties in Remote Learning: Voices

of Philippine University Students in the Wake of COVID-19 Crisis
Retrieved from:
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1285295.pdf?
fbclid=IwAR0mqEa0AqCSk8UTzSVeDqQeTRiRniBcQr-
eQ8UMR9ELoVbUSt5K93ufuGU

Wang, X., et. Al - Investigating Mental Health of US College

Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Survey
Study
Retrieved from:
https://www.jmir.org/2020/9/e22817/

Cullen, W., et. Al - Mental health in the COVID-19 pandemic

Retrieved from:
https://academic.oup.com/qjmed/article/113/5/311/5813733?
login=true

Tee, M, et. Al – Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical and

Mental Health in Lower and Upper Middle-Income Asian Countries: A
Comparison Between the Philippines and China
Retrieved from:
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.568929/
full

15
 Appendix

How does distance learning SA A FA DA SDA

affect students’ academic (5) (4) (3) (2) (1)
performance?
1. I’m still confused about the
distance learning.

2. I’m dealing with anxiety and

depression due to the impact
of COVID-19.
13
3. I’m too busy to my life to
the point that I neglected
to do my school tasks.
(i.e., doing chores
repetitively)

4. I can’t do my modules due to

lack of financial status.

5. I have no hope in doing my

modules because my friends
told me so.

6. I don’t understand the

lessons at all because by
myself.

7. I feel tardy doing my

modules due to overloaded
tasks.

8. I’m doing my modules when

near deadline or when my
teacher told me to do that
gives me a no score.

16
 Curriculum Vitae

Members:

Clare Angela Chavez

CP1202
Ahna Rose Licauan
CP1202
Mark Joseph Bitas
CP1202
John Christian Ferrer
CP1202

17