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S ECTIONAL E XERCISE
9.1 Common acids and alkalis efer to Textbook
p.3–12
Sectional EExercise
B. Multiple-choice (6 marks)
Choose the correct answer for each question.
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Acids and Alkalis 9
Sectional EExercise
xercise
A. Carbonic acid
B. Ethanoic acid
C. Lactic acid
D. Oxalic acid
Integrated Exercise
(3) They react with acids.
A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)
6. Which of the following is/are the correct way(s) to handle the acidic or alkaline wastes after
an experiment?
(1) Pour it into the laboratory sink.
(2) Pour it into appropriate waste bottles.
(3) Pour it back into its container.
Spelling Corner
A. (1) only B. (2) only
C. (3) only D. (2) and (3) only
2. Many acids and alkalis used in the school laboratory are (a) and we must
handle them with great care. We should wear (b) to protect
our eyes and wear (c) to avoid direct contact with acids or alkalis.
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9 Acids and Alkalis
grapes toothpaste
(b) Which of the above substances should we avoid touching with our bare hands? Why?
(3 marks)
(c) Suggest ONE safety precaution when handling the substance(s) mentioned in (b).
(1 mark)
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Acids and Alkalis 9
2. The following reagent bottles contain hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid. However, the
hazard warning labels are missing.
Hydrochloric Sulphuric
Sectional EExercise
xercise
acid acid
(a) What hazard warning label should be put on these reagent bottles? Circle the answer.
(1 mark)
A. B. C. D.
Integrated Exercise
(b) State TWO properties of acids. (2 marks)
(c) Suggest TWO safety precautions when handling acids in the laboratory. (2 marks)
Spelling Corner
(d) If a student gets an acid into his eye accidentally, what should he do immediately?
(2 marks)
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9 Acids and Alkalis
B. Multiple-choice (5 marks)
Choose the correct answer for each question.
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Acids and Alkalis 9
Sectional EExercise
xercise
C. (1) and (2) only D. (2) and (3) only
5. Which of the following can be used to measure the degrees of acidity or alkalinity of a
substance?
(1) Litmus paper
(2) pH meters
(3) pH paper
(4) Universal indicator
A. (1), (2) and (3) only B. (1), (3) and (4) only
Integrated Exercise
C. (2), (3) and (4) only D. (1), (2), (3) and (4)
1. Red cabbage leaves contain (a) which change colour when mixed with
acids or alkalis. They can be used as (b) to distinguish acids and
alkalis.
Spelling Corner
3.
(a) (b) (c)
substances substances substances
pH value
(f) or (g)
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9 Acids and Alkalis
1. Tommy performs an experiment to make natural indicators from three different plants
shown below.
Sectional EExercise
(a) In the experiment, what apparatus should Tommy use to grind up the plants with
distilled water in order to prepare the plant extracts? (2 marks)
(b) Which of these plant extracts cannot be used as an indicator? Explain your answer.
Spelling Corner
(2 marks)
(c) A few drops of each plant extract are added to the following solutions. What will be the
colour of the plant extract in each of the solutions? Complete the table below. (6 marks)
Hibiscus
Marigold
Butterfly pea
Susan tries to distinguish them by using litmus paper. She labels the solutions as P, Q and R.
Sectional EExercise
xercise
The test results are shown in the table below.
Integrated Exercise
(i) Solution P:
(ii) Solution Q:
(iii) Solution R:
(b) Can litmus paper be used to indicate the degrees of acidity or alkalinity of a substance?
Explain your answer. (2 marks)
Spelling Corner
3. Amy wants to use pH paper to find out the pH value of a glass of coke.
coke pH paper
(a) Explain why pH paper CANNOT be used to find out the pH value of coke. (2 marks)
(b) Suggest a suitable method to find out the pH value of coke. (1 mark)
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9 Acids and Alkalis
B. Multiple-choice (7 marks)
Choose the correct answer for each question.
1. Which of the following about the reaction between an acid and an alkali is/are correct?
Integrated Exercise
2. When two solutions X and Y are mixed, a solution with the pH value of 7 is formed. Which
Spelling Corner
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Acids and Alkalis 9
E 4. Which of the following word equations correctly represents the neutralization between an
acid and an alkali?
A. acid + alkali acid + alkali + water
B. acid + alkali carbon dioxide + water
C. acid + alkali salt + water
D. acid + alkali salt + hydrogen
E 5. Leo performs an experiment to study the neutralization between ethanoic acid and sodium
Sectional EExercise
xercise
hydroxide solution. When he evaporates the neutralized solution to dryness, he finds a white
solid left on the watch glass.
white solid
Integrated Exercise
The white solid is
A. calcium ethanoate.
B. potassium ethanoate.
C. sodium chloride.
D. sodium ethanoate.
Spelling Corner
A. Brushing teeth with alkaline toothpaste
B. Removing stains with acidic solutions
C. Taking antacids to relieve stomach upset
D. Using a soap solution to treat acidic insect bites
7. Which of the following substances are commonly used by farmers to regulate the pH value
of soil?
(1) Slaked lime
(2) Sulphur
(3) Sodium hydroxide
A. (1) and (2) only
B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)
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14
12
Sectional EExercise
10
8
pH value
6
xercise
0
Integrated Exercise
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Volume of acid added (cm3)
(a) A few drops of universal indicator are added to the alkali before the addition of acid.
Describe the change in colour of the universal indicator during the experiment.
(5 marks)
(c) How much acid is added when the pH value of the resulting solution is 12? (1 mark)
(d) How much acid is needed to neutralize the alkali? (1 mark)
(e) Suggest ONE advantage of using a pH meter rather than universal indicator in this
experiment. (1 mark)
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Acids and Alkalis 9
2. Read the article below and answer the questions that follow.
Sectional EExercise
xercise
red fire ants
Red fire ants are occasionally found in Hong Kong. They are very aggressive and
have a painful sting. We should avoid coming into contact with them. If we are
Integrated Exercise
stung by them, we should take the following measures:
• Wash the wound with a soap solution and water gently.
• Do not scratch the wound.
• Apply ice or a cold pack to relieve the pain.
• Seek medical advice if necessary.
Spelling Corner
(b) Does the sting of a red fire ant contain an acid or an alkali? (1 mark)
(c) Name the reaction that happens when the wound is washed with a soap solution.
(1 mark)
(d) Apart from soap solutions, what other household product is suitable for washing the
wound? Explain your answer. (2 marks)
B. Multiple-choice (7 marks)
Choose the correct answer for each question.
Integrated Exercise
1. Which of the following substances will react with magnesium to produce hydrogen gas?
(1) Lemon juice
(2) Vinegar
(3) Hydrochloric acid
A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)
2. Hydrogen gas can be produced from the reaction between hydrochloric acid and
(1) copper.
(2) magnesium.
Spelling Corner
(3) zinc.
A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)
E 3. Which of the following word equations correctly represents the reaction between sulphuric
acid and aluminium?
A. sulphuric acid + aluminium aluminium sulphate + hydrogen
B. sulphuric acid + aluminium aluminium sulphate + water
C. sulphuric acid + aluminium aluminium chloride + hydrogen
D. sulphuric acid + aluminium aluminium chloride + water
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Sectional EExercise
xercise
C. (1) and (2) only
D. (1) and (3) only
5. Two marble statues are placed in two different areas. Area X is seriously polluted by acid rain
while area Y is not. Which of the following statements is correct?
A. The two statues are corroded at the same rate.
B. The statue in area X is corroded at a higher rate.
C. The statue in area Y is corroded at a higher rate.
D. The two statues are not corroded at all.
Integrated Exercise
6. Which of the following gases are responsible for the formation of acid rain?
(1) Carbon dioxide
(2) Nitrogen oxides
(3) Sulphur dioxide
A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)
7. Coral reefs are made up of coral skeletons which contain calcium carbonate. What will
happen to the corals if our oceans become more acidic due to the increasing amount of
Spelling Corner
carbon dioxide absorbed by the oceans?
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9 Acids and Alkalis
zinc
Sectional EExercise
Integrated Exercise
Then, he goes through the following two processes and a salt is obtained after process 2.
Process 1: Process 2:
glass rod
neutralized
solution
neutralized
solution
filter paper
Spelling Corner
evaporating dish
Process 1: Process 2:
E (ii) Write a word equation to show the formation of the salt. (2 marks)
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Acids and Alkalis 9
2. Ada uses the following set-up to investigate the reaction between marble and dilute nitric
acid.
conical flask
marble
Sectional EExercise
xercise
electronic balance
E (b) Write a word equation for the reaction between marble and dilute nitric acid.
(2 marks)
Integrated Exercise
(c) It is found that the mass of the set-up decreases after the experiment. Explain why.
(2 marks)
(d) Explain why the temperature of the resulting solution increases after the experiment.
(1 mark)
9.5 Potential hazards related to the use of acids and alkalis Spelling Corner
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9 Acids and Alkalis
B. Multiple-choice (4 marks)
Choose the correct answer for each question.
2. Which of the following is NOT a proper procedure for diluting concentrated sodium
hydroxide solution?
A. Add a large amount of water into it.
B. Carry out the dilution in a well ventilated area.
xercise
4. What are the health hazards of inhaling the acidic or alkaline vapour from strong acids or
alkalis?
(1) Acidic or alkaline vapour can cause unconsciousness.
(2) Acidic or alkaline vapour can cause upset stomachs.
(3) Acidic or alkaline vapour can irritate and corrode our respiratory tract, skin and eyes.
A. (2) only B. (3) only
C. (1) and (2) only D. (1), (2) and (3)
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Acids and Alkalis 9
C. Questions (9 marks)
1. Look at the picture below. Mrs Cheung is preparing to clean the bathroom with a
concentrated acidic cleaner. She first dilutes the cleaner.
Sectional EExercise
xercise
ABC
Integrated Exercise
cleaner
Do not use
on metal
or marble
surfaces.
(b) State THREE safety precautions that Mrs Cheung should take when diluting the
concentrated acidic cleaner? (3 marks)
Spelling Corner
(c) The label of the concentrated acidic cleaner states that the cleaner should not be used
on metal or marble surfaces. Explain why. (3 marks)
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9 Acids and Alkalis
I NTEGRATED E XERCISE
A. True or false (10 marks)
Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement.
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Acids and Alkalis 9
3. Two drops of sodium hydroxide solution are added separately to red litmus paper and blue
litmus paper. Which of the following combinations about the change in colour of the litmus
Sectional Exercise
paper is correct?
Blue litmus paper Red litmus paper
A. From blue to red No change
B. No change From red to blue
C. From blue to red From red to blue
D. No change No change
Integrated Exercise
Peter sets up an aquarium with some goldfish. His father tells him that the pH value of the aquarium
should be maintained between 7 and 8.
Spelling Corner
4. From the pH value of the aquarium, what environment does the goldfish need?
A. Strongly acidic
B. Strongly alkaline
C. Neutral or slightly acidic
D. Neutral or slightly alkaline
5. Which of the following should Peter use to monitor the pH change of the aquarium?
(1) Litmus paper
(2) pH meter
(3) Universal indicator solution
A. (1) only B. (2) only
C. (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)
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6. The table below shows the colours of four colourless solutions after a drop of universal
indicator solution is added.
A. W and X
B. X and Y
C. X and Z
D. Y and Z
Solution pH value
X 4
Integrated Exercise
Y 10
(1) It is neutral.
(2) It is a solid.
(3) It can be formed by neutralization between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid.
A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only
C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)
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10. The photo on the right shows some chicken feet that
have been soaked in a concentrated sodium hydroxide
chicken
solution for two days. The flesh can be easily detached foot
from the bones. This shows that
A. concentrated sodium hydroxide solution is toxic.
B. concentrated sodium hydroxide solution is corrosive.
C. sodium hydroxide solution is much more corrosive than hydrochloric acid.
Sectional Exercise
D. sodium hydroxide solution can be used to preserve chicken feet.
Integrated Exercise
P yellow orange pink 6 months **
(a) The table below shows the colour of the three indicators after they are added to
solution X.
Spelling Corner
Colour pink grey yellow
Which of the following is most likely to be the pH value of solution X? Circle the
answer. (1 mark)
A.
5 B.
6 C.
9 D.
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(b) If you were the leader of the research team, which indicator would you recommend your
company to put up for sale in the market? Give some reasons to support your answer.
(2 marks)
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9 Acids and Alkalis
2. Paul wants to study how the pH value of his saliva changes after eating. He immediately
measures the pH value of his saliva after a meal. Then, he measures the pH value at
five-minute intervals for 40 minutes. The result is shown in the graph below.
7
Sectional Exercise
pH value 4
1
Integrated Exercise
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Time (min)
(a) What is the pH value of Paul’s saliva right after the meal? (1 mark)
(b) What is the minimum pH value of his saliva after the meal? (1 mark)
(c) How long does it take for the saliva to return to its original pH value after the meal?
Spelling Corner
(1 mark)
(d) There are a lot of bacteria in our mouth. Explain how the bacteria cause the drop of the
pH value of the saliva after a meal. (2 marks)
(e) Chewing sugar-free gum after a meal can help prevent tooth decay. Explain why.
(2 marks)
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Acids and Alkalis 9
3. Joyce performs an experiment to find out which type of shell (chicken eggshell, duck eggshell
or oyster shell) contains the greatest amount of calcium carbonate. Her experimental set-up
is shown below.
Sectional Exercise
gas collected
dilute hydrochloric acid
measuring cylinder
water
shell
Integrated Exercise
(a) What are the controlled variables in this experiment? (2 marks)
(b) Explain why the shells must be completely soaked in the acid. (1 mark)
Spelling Corner
(c) Suggest the use of the measuring cylinder in the experiment. (1 mark)
(d) How can Joyce determine which type of shell contains the greatest amount of calcium
carbonate from the results? (1 mark)
E (e) Write the word equation for the reaction that takes place in the conical flask. (2 marks)
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power stations
Sectional Exercise
acid rain
factories
vehicles
Integrated Exercise
(a) (i) List TWO acidic gases that cause acid rain. (1 mark)
(b) What effects does acid rain have on each of the following? (3 marks)
(i) Buildings
Spelling Corner
(ii) Lakes
(iii) Trees
(c) Describe how each of the following ways can help control acid rain. (2 marks)
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fume cupboard
Sectional Exercise
(a) Write TWO safety precautions that Mary has taken. (2 marks)
Integrated Exercise
(b) Mary is going to dilute the acid. She is advised not to add water to the concentrated acid
directly.
Spelling Corner
(ii) Suggest a correct method for diluting concentrated sulphuric acid. (2 marks)
(c) If Mary’s clothing is accidentally splashed with the acid, what emergency treatment
should she do? (1 mark)
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S PELLING C ORNER
Look at each group of figures below. Use one key term in science to describe the figures. The
letters forming the missing part of the key term can be found on the right.
1.
A I I
R T
C
Sectional Exercise
D O
N
2.
E Z U
L
Integrated Exercise
A
A T I
R
N O
N I
T
Key term:
3.
Spelling Corner
R S R
O E
C V O
I
Key term:
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