Collision Theory

and
Rates of Reaction
 Collision Theory!
Chemical reactions have been a part of this world ever since everything began.
From Big bang to the present day, everything happening around us has
something to do with chemical reactions and chemical processes. Chemical
reactions are common in our daily lives: from cooking, eating, cleaning to the
different chemical processes like respiration, corrosion and fermentation. How
our body lives and grows are results of many chemical reactions that takes
place, although you may not recognize them. This is the reason we need to
understand how chemical processes takes place, be it naturally occurring or not.
 Collision Theory!
Recall
Chemical or Physical Change?
Directions: Identify what kind of change occurs by writing the word Physical
change or Chemical change.
1. Baking a pie

Answer: Chemical Change

When you bake a cake, the ingredients go through a chemical change. A chemical
change occurs when the molecules that compose two or more substances are
rearranged to form a new substance!
 Collision Theory!
Recall
Chemical or Physical Change?
Directions: Identify what kind of change occurs by writing the word Physical
change or Chemical change.
2. Burning a paper

Answer: Chemical Change

As we burn a paper, it changes to ash i.e. its chemical composition changes.
Hence, it is a chemical change.
 Collision Theory!
Recall
Chemical or Physical Change?
Directions: Identify what kind of change occurs by writing the word Physical
change or Chemical change.
3. Dissolving coffee in hot w at er

Answer: Physical Change

It is a physical change because it can be extracted back by evaporating the water
back and we get powder.
 Collision Theory!
Recall
Chemical or Physical Change?
Directions: Identify what kind of change occurs by writing the word Physical
change or Chemical change.
4. Dissolving sugar in w at er

Answer: Physical Change

Sugar dissolving in water is a physical change. The sugar can be obtained back by
evaporation of water and the water by condensation of water vapour.
 Collision Theory!
Recall
Chemical or Physical Change?
Directions: Identify what kind of change occurs by writing the word Physical
change or Chemical change.
5. Mixing paint to make a new color

Answer: Physical Change

It all depends on the colours and their chemical
compositions. It is possible that that the colours
have a chemical composition which will react to
each other in that case it will be chemical
change as the reaction will cause the change in
chemical composition.

But if this is not the case and the colours that are mixed don’t have a chemical
composition which will react to each other then there will be no change in the
chemical composition which means only the the colour shall be changed which
means that the change will simply be a physical change.
So, in a way both changes can be valid depending on the compositions of both the
substances.
 Collision Theory!
What I s a Physical Change?

In a physical change, the material involved in the change i s

str ucturally the same before and after the change. Types of some
physical changes are texture, shape, temperature, and a change
in the state of matter.
 Collision Theory!
What I s a Chemical Change?

A chemical change occurs when the composition of a substance

i s changed, w hic h requires the breaking and forming of chemical
bonds during a chemical reaction. This results in the rearranging
of atoms in substances to form the products of a chemical
reaction, w hic h are brand new molecules that cannot be easily
reverted back to their original state.
Collision Theory!
 Collision Theory!
What i s a Chemical Reaction?

When t w o particles collide, sometimes a chemical reaction can

occur, w hic h means the bonds between t w o or more particles
are broken and reformed, creating one or more new substances.
The substances or particles that enter and i s changed in the
chemical reaction are called reactants and the substances that
are formed are called products.
 Collision Theory!

What i s a Chemical Reaction?

The reactants (left part of the equation) are carbon dioxide, water, and
light while the products (right side of the equation) are sugar and oxygen.
But for a chemical reaction to occur, several things m u s t happen:

1. The particles m u s t come into contact w i t h one another or collide.

2. When the particles collide, the particles m u s t be aligned c o rr e ct l y so

that the right parts of the atoms or molecules are exposed. I f they are
not oriented correctly, no chemical reaction w i l l take place.

3. The particles m u s t collide w i t h enough energy to break their chemical

bonds. The amount of energy that m u s t be available for a reaction to
occur i s often referred to as the activation energy. I t i s the measure of
the change in the concentration of the reactants or products
 Collision Theory!
Remember:

In order for a reaction to occur:

• Two reactants must collide
• The collision must have enough energy
• Correct Orientation
 What is the rate of a reaction?
• The rate of reaction is the speed at which a
reaction occurs or how fast it occurs.

• There are certain things that can impact this

rate.
 Factors that affect the rate of reaction

• What are some ways we can increase the

speed of a reaction?

• And how do these reasons relate to collision

theory?

Think!
 Factors that Affect Rate of Reaction

Chemical nature
of Reactants Temperature Surface Area

of Reactants
Concentration
Presence of
Pressure
Catalyst
Chemical nature of Reactants
 some reactants are more/less reactive than
others

Families of elements
tend to undergo the
same types of
reactions, but at
different rates Gold is much less
reactive then zinc
In HCl (aq)
Chemical nature of Reactants
 Example:
Concentration of Reactants
 Higher Concentration = faster
reaction • particles more likely to collide
Surface Area of Reactants
 Higher Surface Area = greater rate of
reaction • Particles more likely to collide
Surface Area of Reactants
Activity:

Alka-Seltzer® reaction
Alka-Seltzer ingredients:
• aspirin
• citric acid
• sodium bicarbonate
Temperature
 Higher Temperature= greater rate of
reaction Particles move faster, so more likely
to collide
Presence of a Catalyst
 A substance that speeds up a reaction
without being a reactant or being used up
Pressure
 A higher pressure forces the particles closer
together. • More chance of particles colliding and
reacting.
What I Have Learned
Performance Task
What I Can Do :
Create your own 5-minute experiment video by choosing
one of the factors discussed in this lesson.