Instructional Design

Gartika Pandu B
What is Instructional
Design (ID)?
 Definitions

“… is the systematic development of instructional specifications

using learning and instructional theory to ensure the quality of
instruction.”
 Definitions

It defines as “the theory and practice of design,

development, utilization, management, and evaluation
of processes and resources for learning”
(Reiser, 2002, p. 1).
 Definitions

“It is the entire process of analysis of learning needs and goals

and development of a delivery system to meet those needs. It
includes development of instructional materials and
activities”
(Brown, & Green, 2011, p. 5).
 Definitions

“Instructional design is intended to be an iterative process of

planning outcomes, selecting effective strategies for teaching
and learning, choosing relevant technologies, identifying
educational media and measuring performance” (Branch &
Kopcha, P. 77).
 The ROLE
To create instructional experiences that facilitate the
acquisition of knowledge in a way that is not only efficient,
but effective and appealing to learners.
 The Model of
Instructional Design (ID)?
 THE DESIGN MODEL

1. Dick & Reiser

2. ADDIE
3. ASSURE
4. Kemp Design Model
5. TPACK
6. etc
 Example of Dick & Reiser Id Model
(1996)

Develop
Identify Identify Plan Choose Implement
Assessment
Goal Objective Activities Media Instruction
Tools

Revise Instruction
According to Dick & Reiser (1996), all ID model have the same general
purposes:

1. Analysis of learner’s need and context analysis

2. Design a set of specification to create an effective, efficient, and relevant learner
environment
3. Develop all leaner and management materials
4. Implement instructions
5. Evaluate the results of the development process (formative) and end product
(summative)
 Before implementing the model

There are several questions needed to be answered:

1. Why do the students need to learn?

2. Who is going to be involved in the process?
3. Where does the learning take place?
4. When does the learning take place?
5. What do the students need to learn?
6. How will the learning be achieved?
 Before conducting the model: need analysis

Need analysis refers to the activities involved in

gathering information that will serve as the basis for
developing instruction that will meet the learning needs a
particular group of students (Brown, 1995).
 The purpose of need analysis
(RICHARD IN nunan, 1992)

It provides a means of obtaining wider input

into the content, design, an implementation of a
language programme.

Developing goal, objectives, and content

Providing data for reviewing and evaluating

existing programme
 Example of Need Analysis

../2nd Meeting-Example of Need Analysis.pdf

Any question…?