Topic 1 Introduction to

Instructional Technology
Hardeep Kaur
Learning Outcomes
By the end of this topic, you should be able
to
Explain the definition of technology,
instruction & instructional technology
Discuss the main concepts of instructional
technology
Identify domains & functions of
instructional technology
What is Instructional Technology?
History of Instructional Technology
Watch this video: History of Instructional
Technology
Look out for:
1) How technology for instructional
purposes evolved over time?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5_v9
Aqb9XA
What is Instructional Technology
What is instructional technology?
Technology = ??
The systematic application of
Instruction = ?? scientific knowledge and other
organised knowledge to practical
task
(Galbraith 1967)

The act of teaching something to somebody

A conglomeration of decisions and activities
that are made and carried out to achieve the
desired outcomes for learners
(Fardanesh 2007)
Instruction-Decisions and Activities
(a)
Examining learners’ prior knowledge;
(b)
Determining the structure and combination of learning material;
(c)
Using incentives and feedback;
(d)
Determining required capabilities for desired learning
outcomes;
(e)
Identifying required learning conditions;
(f)
Identifying ways to measure learning outcomes;
(g)
Determining presentation strategies;
(h)
Determining the time necessary for learning;
(i)
Informing learners about learning goals;
(j)
Communicating with learners;
(k)
Providing learning material;
(l)
Setting appropriate standards for performance and evaluation;
and
(m)
Managing learning processes.
Definitions of Instructional Technology
Sara McNeil (2007)
◦ Is the systemic and systematic application of
strategies and techniques derived from
behavioural, cognitive and constructivist
theories to the solution of instructional
problems
◦ Is the systematic application of theory and
other organised knowledge to the task of
instructional design and development
Definitions of Instructional Technology
Molenda (2003)
◦ Is the art and science of designing, producing,
and using – with economy and elegance –
solutions to instructional problems, these
solutions may combine verbal or audiovisual
media and may be experienced with or
without human mediation and may take the
form of learners, courses, or whole systems
that facilitate learning efficiently, effectively
and humanely.
Definitions of Instructional Technology
Seels & Richey (1994)
◦ Is the theory and practice of design,
development, utilisation, arrangement and
evaluation of processes and resources for
learning
Definitions of Instructional Technology
Reiser (2001)
◦ The field of instructional design and
technology encompasses the analysis of
learning and performance problems, and the
design, development, implementation,
evaluation and management of instructional
and non-instructional processes and resources
intended to improve learning and performance
in a variety of settings, particularly
educational institutions and the workplace.
Terms in Instructional Technology
Term Definition
Instruction A planned process that facilitates learning.
Instructional systems A group of interdependent parts that work
together to accomplish a goal such as a
classroom or learning management system.
ISD/ID This refers to Instructional Systems Design (or
also known as Instructional Systems
Development) that requires sound decision
making to determine the who, what, when,
where, why and how of training. ISD is often
called System Approach to Training (SAT) or
Analysis, Design, Development, Implement,
Evaluate (ADDIE).

Instructional context This refers to the physical and psychological

environment in which instruction is delivered or
in which transfer occurs. We call it the learning
environment.

Individualised instruction This means the use, by students, of

systematically designed learning activities and
materials specifically chosen to suit their
individual interests, abilities and experience.
Such instruction is usually self-paced.
Domains
Seels and Richey (1994) identify five
domains which contribute to the field.
i. Management (M);
ii. Design (D);
iii. Utilisation (U);
iv. Development (D); and
v. Evaluation (E).
The acronym ( M-DUDE)
The Five Domains
Domains
Explain what processes / activities that
take place in each of the 5 domains of the
field of instructional technology.

Think-Pair-Share
Summary
1. Technology can be defined as the knowledge resulting
from studies and explorations in a particular discipline that
is used to perform tasks, subject to that discipline.

2. Instruction is a group of decisions and activities made

and carried out to achieve the desired outcomes for
learners. The main purpose of it is to create a good quality
learning environment.

3. Instructional technology has been defined in many ways

in the topic. However, the latest one emphasises on mental
processes and cognitive analysis of learning tasks.
 
4. Five domains contribute to instructional technology and
they are collectively known as M-DUDE: management,
design, utilisation, development and evaluation.