1. Instruction means impacting knowledge from one person / group to another.

It could be mutual;
includes education and training.
Technology comes from the words TECHNE (skill) and LOGOS (study /expression) about the way
things are gained. It is any tools humans use including industrialized products.
Instructional technology is the study and application (design) of the learning process through
deliberate use of technology in order to enhance discovery and performance.
It is the theory and practice of design, development, utilization, management and evaluation of
the processes and resources of learning. Its main purpose is to improve educational and training
system in organised settings.

1B
Instructional system (IS) also known as instructional design system (IDS) is concerned with the
way the learning experience is structured. It is concerned with creating experience in a way that
results in developing and implementation of knowledge and skills.

1C
Instructional system design is the process by which learning products and experiences are
designed, developed, and delivered. These learning products include online courses,
instructional manuals, video tutorials, learning simulations, etc. Instructional Design is defined
as “a systematic process that is employed to develop education and training programs in a
consistent and reliable fashion.
Instructional systems design involves a systematic process for the assessment and development
of training solutions, designed specifically for the purpose of formal training delivery.

2. Importance Of Instructional Design

I. Instructional design improves delivery of information. The delivery of information is
sequential and even without losing context.
II. Creation of effective and meaningful lessons.
III. Effective lessons help students cut through extraneous information.
IV. It helps in applying learning theories to design course content, instructional
strategies and assessment tasks.
3. Characteristics Of Instructional Design Models
I. The focal point is the learner and his performance. i.e it is learner centered.
II. Well described goals are crucial and key. Which make it goal oriented.
III. It is empirical. Data are the heart of the process.
IV. It involves team work and effort.
V. It centers on real world / actual performance to help learners discharge or carry out
the behaviour that is expected of them in reality.