REPÚBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA

MINISTERIO DEL PODER POPULAR PARA LA DEFENSA

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL EXPERIMENTAL POLITÉCNICA
DE LA FUERZA ARMADA NACIONAL BOLIVARIANA
UNEFA-NÙCLEO LARA

RE
PO
RT INTEGRANTES:

Aldimar Aranguren C.I.: 28.220.201

Karelbis Torres C.I.: 23.835.496

Prof.: José Luis Rojas

Sección.: 2D03EF.

Barquisimeto, Febrero del año 2021.

 COVID-19 vaccines

The world hopes to have vaccines against COVID-19 soon as one of the most
cost-effective measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic and reduce the impacts
on health, the economy and society.

This site centralizes resources for governments on preparing for the eventual
introduction and successful deployment of COVID-19 vaccines, as well as
resources for the general public to obtain answers to questions related to
candidate vaccines against the novel coronavirus. of 2019.

Can the COVID-19 Vaccine Make You Get COVID-19?

No. None of the licensed and recommended COVID-19 vaccines or COVID-19

vaccines currently being developed in the United States contains the live virus that
causes COVID-19. This means that COVID-19 vaccines cannot make you sick with
COVID-19.

There are different types of vaccines in development. All of them teach our immune
system how to recognize and fight the virus that causes COVID-19. Sometimes
this process can produce symptoms, such as fever. These symptoms are normal
and are a sign that the body is generating protection against the virus that causes
COVID-19.

The immune system: the body's defense against infection.

To understand how vaccines against COVID-19 work, it is first useful to know how
our body fights diseases. When germs, like the virus that causes COVID-19,
invade our bodies, they attack and multiply. This invasion, called infection, is what
causes the disease. Our immune system has various tools to fight infection. Blood
contains red blood cells that carry oxygen to tissues and organs, and white or
immune cells that fight infection. Different types of white blood cells fight infection
in different ways:
  Macrophages are white blood cells that absorb and digest germs and dead
or dying cells. Macrophages leave so-called antigens in the body, which are
parts of invading germs. The body identifies antigens as dangerous and
stimulates antibodies to attack them.

 B lymphocytes are white blood cells that act as a defense. They make
antibodies that attack the parts of the virus that macrophages left behind.

 Los linfocitos T son otro tipo de glóbulo blanco. Atacan a las células del
organismo que ya están infectadas.

The first time a person is infected with the virus that causes COVID-19, it can take
several days or weeks for their body to develop and use all the tools necessary to
fight germs and defeat the infection. After infection, the person's immune system
remembers what it learned about how to protect the body from disease.

The body retains some T lymphocytes, known as memory cells, which quickly kick
into action if the body encounters the same virus again. When family antigens are
detected, B lymphocytes make antibodies to attack them. Experts are still studying
to understand how long these memory cells can protect a person against the virus
that causes COVID-19.

How COVID-19 Vaccines Work.

Vaccines against COVID-19 help our body develop immunity against the virus that
causes COVID-19 without us having to contract the disease. Different types of
vaccines work in different ways to provide protection, but with all types of vaccines
the body is left with a supply of "memory" T cells, as well as B cells that will
remember how to fight that virus in the future.

It generally takes a few weeks for the body to produce T lymphocytes and B
lymphocytes after vaccination. Therefore, it is possible for a person to become
infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 just before or just after being
vaccinated, and that get sick because the vaccine didn't have enough time to
generate protection.

Sometimes, after vaccination, the process of building immunity can cause

symptoms, such as fever. These symptoms are normal and are a sign that the
body is developing immunity.

Types of vaccines.

Currently, there are three main types of COVID-19 vaccines that are already or will
soon enter the stage of large-scale clinical trials (phase 3) in the United States.
Below we describe how each type of vaccine works to make our body recognize
the virus that causes COVID-19 and protect us from it. None of these vaccines can
make you sick with COVID-19.

 MRNA vaccines contain material from the virus that causes COVID-19, which
instructs our cells to create a harmless protein that is unique to the virus. Once
our cells copy the protein, they destroy the genetic material in the vaccine. Our
body recognizes that this protein should not be present and creates T
lymphocytes and B lymphocytes that will remember how to fight the virus that
causes COVID-19 if we become infected in the future.

 Protein subunit vaccines include harmless portions (proteins) of the virus that
causes COVID-19, rather than the whole germ. Once vaccinated, our immune
system recognizes that proteins are foreign to our body and begins to create T
lymphocytes and antibodies. If we become infected in the future, memory cells
will recognize the virus and fight it.

 Vector vaccines contain a weakened version of the live virus, a different virus
from the one that causes COVID-19, with genetic material from the virus that
causes COVID-19 incorporated (this is called a viral vector). Once the viral
vector is in our cells, the genetic material instructs the cells to make a protein
that is unique to the virus that causes COVID-19. With these instructions, our
cells make copies of the protein. This awakens a response in our body and
 begins to create T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes that will remember how to
fight the virus if we become infected in the future.

Most COVID-19 vaccines will need to be given in more than one dose.

With one exception, all other COVID-19 vaccines currently in phase 3 clinical trials
must be administered in two doses. The first dose begins to generate protection.
The second is given a few weeks later and is necessary to achieve the maximum
protection offered by the vaccine. There is a vaccine in phase 3 clinical trials that is
given as a single dose.

In summary

Getting vaccinated is one of several steps you can take to protect yourself and
others from COVID-19. Protecting yourself from COVID-19 is crucial because, for
some people, the disease can be serious and even cause death.

To stop a pandemic it is necessary to use all available tools. Vaccines work with
the immune system so your body is ready to fight the virus if you are exposed to it.
Other measures, such as wearing face masks and social distancing, help reduce
your risk of being exposed to the virus and spreading it to others. The best
protection against COVID-19 will be to get vaccinated and follow the CDC's
recommendations to protect yourself and others from COVID-19.