NAME: SHIELA MAY C.

GANOB CLASS CODE:WBF WEDNESDAY 7-9AM

TOPIC 1

HISTORY/BACKGROUND OF SEWING

Sewing has been a necessity in cultures and societies for millions of years. It was used
to stitch together animal hides for clothing, warmth and shelter. A great example of this is
looking at Inuits, who would use sinew from caribou and those American Plains and Canadian
Prairies used sophisticated sewing methods to assemble tipi shelters. Moving around the world,
sewing was combined with the weaving of plant leaves in Africa to create baskets; thin strips of
palm leaf would be used as thread to stitch wider strips of palm leaf to make the coil. The
researchers found that humans developed eyed sewing needles in what is now Siberia and China
as early as 45,000 years ago. In Europe, clothing fabrication likely began around 26,000 years
ago; it probably began some 13,000 years ago in North America. For thousands of years, all
sewing was done by hand. The invention of the sewing machine in the 19th century and the rise
of computerization in the 20th century led to mass production and export of sewn objects, but
hand sewing is still practiced around the world. Fine hand sewing is a characteristic of high-
quality tailoring, haute couture fashion, and custom dressmaking, and is pursued by both textile
artists and hobbyists as a means of creative expression.

KINDS OF STITCHES

*Types of machine stitches

● Lockstitch
● Chain stitch
● Zigzag stitch
● Running stitch
● Back stitch
● Satin stitch
● Overlock stitch

*Types of hand stitches

● Back tack – backward stitch to anchor tacking or basting

● Backstitch – sturdy hand stitch for seams and decoration
● Basting stitch (US) – for reinforcement or for temporarily holding fabric in place (same as
tacking stitch)
● Blanket stitch – used to finish an unhemmed blanket
● Blind stitch (or hemstitch) – type of slip stitch used for inconspicuous hem
● Buttonhole stitch – for reinforcing buttonholes and preventing cut fabric from raveling
● Chain stitch – hand or machine stitch for seams or decoration
● Cross-stitch – usually used for decoration, but may also be used for seams
● Catch stitch (also 'flat' and 'blind' -catch stitch) – flat looped stitch used in hemming
● Darning stitch – for repairing holes or worn areas in fabric or knitting
● Embroidery stitch – one or more stitches forming a figure of recognizable appearance
● Hemstitch (Hemming stitch) – decorative technique for embellishing the hem of clothing or
household linens
● Overcast stitch – used to enclose a raw, or unfinished, seam or edge
● Pad stitch – secures two or more layers of fabric together and provide firmness
● Pick stitch – hand stitch that catches only a few threads on the wrong side of the fabric,
difficult to produce nicely so typically used for hemming high quality garments
● Running stitch – hand stitch for seams and gathering
● Sailmaker's stitch – may refer to any of the hand stitches used for stitching canvas sails,
including the flat stitch, round stitch, baseball stitch, herringbone stitch.[1]
● Slip stitch – form of blind stitch for fastening two pieces of fabric together from the right
side without the thread showing
● Stoating – used to join two pieces of woven material, such that the resulting stitches are not
visible from the right side of the cloth
● Straight stitch – the basic stitch in hand-sewing and embroidery
● Tacking stitch (UK, also baste or pin) – quick, temporary stitching intended to be removed
● Tent stitch – diagonal embroidery stitch at a 45-degree angle
● Topstitch – used on garment edges such as necklines and hems, helps facings stay in place
and gives a crisp edge
● Whipstitch – for protecting edges
● Ladder stitch or mattress stitch – for invisibly closing seams from the outside, i.e. to close a
pillow after being stuffed

PURPOSES AND REASON OF SEWING

Sewing lets you express yourself through your creations. From selecting the pattern and
fabric to putting the finishing touches, every aspect of this activity allows you to be creative
while designing your own clothing. It also gives you something to be proud of as your creations
can make you stand out from the rest. Sewing is the process of using a needle and thread to
connect pieces of fabric or attach them to fabric surfaces. It's a practical skill used to make or
repair clothing. It can also function as a creative outlet. Sewing requires concentration and hand-
eye coordination, which helps with cognitive development and the development of motor skills.
Sewing encourages creative thinking and enhances knowledge, which can help with problem-
solving in other areas of your life.

SPIRITUAL CONNECTION

Sewing in a dream can show changes you are making to your identity. You can mend clothing as
a way of making your ‘outer covering’ or Persona more specific to your unique body or Self.
Since clothing represents your Persona or ‘costume’ you wear in public, dreaming of sewing can
show how you are working to bring forward a more authentic way of interacting with others.
Sewing and mending specific pieces of clothing will portray the area of life associated with the
garment.

TOPIC 2

HISTORY/BACKGROUND OF WASTE SEGREGATION OR DISPOSAL

Most people rarely give a second thought to garbage. We throw away what we don't
need, and it is "out of sight, out of mind." But were the waste-management industry to grind to a
halt, Americans would quickly discover how much our way of life has come to depend on
someone swiftly and safely removing the waste we produce. Centuries ago, waste management
wasn't much of an issue. Relatively few people inhabited the earth. Trees were cut for fuel and
burned without too much adverse effect, and smoke from widely scattered fires dissipated in the
atmosphere. Sewage and garbage could be disposed of by individuals on their own property. City
efforts to deal with residents' waste go back to at least 500 B.C., when the first known dump was
created outside of Athens. The ancient Romans created basic sewer systems. They also had
trenches outside of cities where people threw trash, a practice that periodically led to epidemic
diseases. Waste segregation is the sorting and separation of waste types to facilitate recycling
and correct onward disposal. When waste is sorted correctly, it can save your company money.

KINDS OF WASTE SEGREGATION OR DISPOSAL

In order to segregate waste appropriately, it is important to correctly identify the type waste that
is generated. For the purposes of waste segregation at source, waste is identified and classified
into the following categories depending on their biological, physical and chemical properties:
Dry Waste – Refers to all items that are not considered wet/soiled items. This includes both
recyclable and non-recyclable materials. Dry waste includes items such as bottles, cans, clothing,
plastic, wood, glass, metals and paper.
Wet Waste – Refers to all items that are organic like food items, soiled food wrappers, hygiene
products, yard waste, tissues and paper towels, as well as any other soiled item that would
contaminate the recyclables.
Sanitary Waste – Refers to all liquid or solid waste originating solely from humans and human
activities. (Can also include items from medical waste)
Hazardous Household Waste – Refers to all household products that contain corrosive, toxic,
ignitable, or reactive ingredients, other than used oil.
E-Waste – Refers to all kinds of electronic waste.
Hazardous Waste – Refers to all items, products and by-products that contain corrosive, toxic,
ignitable or reactive ingredients.
Inert Waste – Refers to waste items that are neither chemically or biologically reactive nor
decompose easily.
PURPOSES AND REASON OF WASTE SEGREGATION OR DISPOSAL

Waste segregation facilitates the process of reuse, recycling, and recovery of waste.

Segregating waste can improve the recycling process. For example, separating wet waste from
dry waste is a simple way to help recycling companies. It will help to recycle non-biodegradable
waste and treat biodegradable waste directly. Waste segregation is included in law because it is
much easier to recycle.  Effective segregation of wastes means that less waste goes to landfill
which makes it cheaper and better for people and the environment.  It is also important to
segregate for public health.  In particular, hazardous wastes can cause long term health problems,
so it is very important that they are disposed of correctly and safely and not mixed in with the
normal waste coming out of your home or office.

SPIRITUAL CONNECTION

What, then, will waste management in God's Kingdom look like? Interestingly, Ezekiel 39 gives
us perspective. Conservation will be a byword. Notice that, after the attempted rebellion
described in Ezekiel 39, the Israelite nations will for seven years not need to chop down trees
from the forest—they will be using materials left on the battlefield for fuel (Ezekiel 39:9–10).
God does not waste anything, and He will teach human beings to do the same. God wants the
land to be clean! He does not want decaying refuse to mar the landscape and pollute mankind's
food and water supplies. Indeed, in His Kingdom the whole world will be cleansed from the
decay and corruption so prevalent in our present age. As the Apostle Paul wrote, "For the earnest
expectation of the creation eagsserly waits for the revealing of the sons of God" (Romans 8:19).