PAGADIAN CAPITOL COLLEGE, INC.

(Formerly Pagadian College of Criminology and Sciences)

Member: Philippine Association of Private Schools, Colleges & Universities (PAPSCU)
Philippine Educators Association for Criminology Education (PEACE)
017 Rizal Avenue, Tuburan District, Pagadian City
Tel No. (062) 214-4364

BASIC EDUCATION UNIT

TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION 8

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL UNIT
STUDENT’S LEARNING PLAN

NAME:_______________________________________YEAR&SECTION_________
WEEK 1-3
Activity No. 1
Activity Title: Understand knitting as a needlecraft

Learning Targets: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Describe definition and characteristics of knitted products
2. Identify tools and materials for knitting
Reference/s: K to 12 Needlecarft modules. Pdf https://bit.ly/2BomiZ0

Values: Artistic, Creativity

I. Essential Ideas: What To Know

Good morning class! How are you? Are you ready for our class today? Very good!
Before we proceed to our lesson, let us inspired first by a memory verse
Proverbs 3: 5-6 says “Trust in the Lord with all your heart and lean not on your understanding. In all
your way acknowledge Him and He shall direct your path straight.”
Are you inspire by that verse class? Who can give me an understanding about that verse? Wow that
was an amazing answer!

For our lesson for the week is all about Nail Care and Beauty Services, so do have any idea of nail
care class?
Very good! That was an excellent answer. Keep up the good work.

Knitting is a method by which yarn is manipulated to create a textile or fabric; it is used in many types

of garments. Knitting may be done by hand or by machine.
Knitting creates stitches: loops of yarn in a row, either flat or in the round (tubular). There are usually
many active stitches on the knitting needle at one time. Knitted fabric consists of a number of consecutive
rows of connected loops that intermesh with the next and previous rows. As each row is formed, each newly
created loop is pulled through one or more loops from the prior row and placed on the gaining needle so that
the loops from the prior row can be pulled off the other needle without unraveling.
Differences in yarn (varying in fibre type, weight, uniformity and twist), needle size, and stitch type allow for
a variety of knitted fabrics with different properties, including color, texture, thickness, heat retention, water
resistance, and integrity. A small sample of knitwork is known as a swatch.

http://bit.ly/2YouUqg (K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and Livelihood Education)

Knitted Products

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 ESSENTIAL IDEAS for 3rd QUARTER
WEEK 1-2 (TLE 10)
There are many hundreds of different knitting stitches used by hand knitters. A piece of hand
knitting begins with the process of casting on, which involves the initial creation of the stitches
on the needle. Different methods of casting on are used for different effects: one may be stretchy
enough for lace, while another provides a decorative edging. Provisional cast-ons are used when
the knitting will continue in both directions from the cast-on. There are various methods
employed to cast on, such as the "thumb method" (also known as "slingshot" or "long-tail" cast-
ons), where the stitches are created by a series of loops that will, when knitted, give a very loose
edge ideal for "picking up stitches" and knitting a border; the "double needle method" (also
known as "knit-on" or "cable cast-on"), whereby each loop placed on the needle is then "knitted
on," which produces a firmer edge ideal on its own as a border; and many more. The number of
active stitches remains the same as when cast on unless stitches are added (an increase) or
removed (a decrease).
Most Western-style hand knitters follow either the English style (in which the yarn is held in the
right hand) or the Continental style (in which the yarn is held in the left hand).
There are also different ways to insert the needle into the stitch. Knitting through the front of a
stitch is called Western knitting. Going through the back of a stitch is called Eastern knitting. A
third method, called combination knitting, goes through the front of a knit stitch and the back of
a purl stitch.[15]
Once the hand knitted piece is finished, the remaining live stitches are "cast off". Casting (or
"binding") off loops the stitches across each other so they can be removed from the needle
without unravelling the item. Although the mechanics are different from casting on, there is a
similar variety of methods.
In hand knitting certain articles of clothing, especially larger ones like sweaters, the final knitted
garment will be made of several knitted pieces, with individual sections of the garment hand
knitted separately and then sewn together. Seamless knitting, where a whole garment is hand knit
as a single piece, is also possible. Elizabeth Zimmermann is probably the best-known proponent
of seamless or circular hand knitting techniques. Smaller items, such as socks and hats, are
usually knit in one piece on double-pointed needles or circular needles. Hats in particular can be
started "top down" on double pointed needles with the increases added until the preferred size is
achieved, switching to an appropriate circular needle when enough stitches have been added.
Care must be taken to bind off at a tension that will allow the "give" needed to comfortably fit on
the head.
In order to become a master knitter, you're going to need some tools. Much like any other craft,
knitting uses it's own unique notions to create just about anything!

Some things you'll need to get started:

 Knitting Needles
 Yarn
 Pattern

Items which make knitting more enjoyable are:

 Small Scissors
 Project Bag(s)
 Books
 Stitch Markers
 Small Tape Measure or Ruler
 Knitting Needle Gauge
 Yarn Gauge Guide
 Tapestry or Darning Needles

Some additional things which will be nice to have to make knitting easier:
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  Yarn Storage Containers
 Knitting Needle Storage
 Knitting Needle Protectors

Different stitches of Knitting

1. Courses and wales

Structure of stockinette stitch, a common weave in knitted fabric. The meandering red path
defines one course, the path of the yarn through the fabric. The uppermost white loops are
unsecured and "active", but they secure the red loops suspended from them. In turn, the red loops
secure the white loops just below them, which in turn secure the loops below them, and so on.

Like weaving, knitting is a technique for producing a two-dimensional fabric made from a one-

dimensional yarn or thread. In weaving, threads are always straight, running parallel either
lengthwise (warp threads) or crosswise (weft threads). By contrast, the yarn in knitted fabrics
follows a meandering path (a course), forming symmetric loops (also called bights)
symmetrically above and below the mean path of the yarn. These meandering loops can be easily
stretched in different directions giving knit fabrics much more elasticity than woven fabrics.

Basic pattern of warp knitting. Parallel yarns zigzag lengthwise along the fabric, each loop
securing a loop of an adjacent strand from the previous row.

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 2. Weft and warp knitting
There are two major varieties of knitting: weft knitting and warp knitting.[3] In the more
common weft knitting, the wales are perpendicular to the course of the yarn. In warp knitting, the
wales and courses run roughly parallel. In weft knitting, the entire fabric may be produced from a
single yarn, by adding stitches to each wale in turn, moving across the fabric as in a raster scan.
By contrast, in warp knitting, one yarn is required for every wale. Since a typical piece of knitted
fabric may have hundreds of wales, warp knitting is typically done by machine, whereas weft
knitting is done by both hand and machine.[4] Warp-knitted fabrics such as tricot and milanese are
resistant to runs, and are commonly used in lingerie.

A modern knitting machine in the process of weft knitting

Weft-knit fabrics may also be knit with multiple yarns, usually to produce interesting color
patterns. The two most common approaches are intarsia and stranded colorwork.

In the knit stitch on the left, the next (red) loop passes through the previous (yellow) loop
from below, whereas in the purl stitch (right), the next stitch enters from above. Thus, a knit
stitch on one side of the fabric appears as a purl stitch on the other, and vice versa.
3. Knit and purl stitches

Two courses of red yarn illustrating two basic fabric types. The lower red course is knit into the
white row below it and is itself knit on the next row; this produces 'stockinette' stitch. The upper
red course is purled into the row below and then is knit, consistent with 'garter' stitch.

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A dropped stitch, or missed stitch, is a common error that creates an extra loop to be fixed.
In securing the previous stitch in a wale, the next stitch can pass through the previous loop from
either below or above. If the former, the stitch is denoted as a 'knit stitch' or a 'plain stitch;' if the
latter, as a 'purl stitch'. The two stitches are related in that a knit stitch seen from one side of the
fabric appears as a purl stitch on the other side.
The two types of stitches have a different visual effect; the knit stitches look like 'V's stacked
vertically, whereas the purl stitches look like a wavy horizontal line across the fabric. Patterns
and pictures can be created in knitted fabrics by using knit and purl stitches as "pixels"; however,
such pixels are usually rectangular, rather than square, depending on the gauge/tension of the
knitting. Individual stitches, or rows of stitches, may be made taller by drawing more yarn into
the new loop (an elongated stitch), which is the basis for uneven knitting: a row of tall stitches
may alternate with one or more rows of short stitches for an interesting visual effect. Short and
tall stitches may also alternate within a row, forming a fish-like oval pattern.
.[6] The slipped stitches are naturally longer than the knitted ones. For example, a stitch slipped
for one row before knitting would be roughly twice as tall as its knitted counterparts. This can
produce interesting visual effects, although the resulting fabric is more rigid because the slipped
stitch 'pulls' on its neighbours and is less deformable. Mosaic knitting is a form of slip-stitch
knitting that knits alternate colored rows and uses slip stitches to form patterns; mosaic-knit
fabrics tend to be stiffer than patterned fabrics produced by other methods.
4. Right- and left-plaited stitches

The stitches on the right are right-plaited, whereas the stitches on the left are left-plaited.

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Within limits, an arbitrary number of twists may be added to new stitches, whether they be knit
or purl. Here, a single twist is illustrated, with left-plaited and right-plaited stitches on the left
and right, respectively.

Illustration of entrelac. The blue and white wales are parallel to each other, but both are
perpendicular to the black and gold wales, resembling basket weaving.
5. Edges and joins between fabrics
The initial and final edges of a knitted fabric are known as the cast-on and bound/cast-off edges.
The side edges are known as the selvages; the word derives from "self-edges", meaning that the
stitches do not need to be secured by anything else. Many types of selvages have been
developed, with different elastic and ornamental properties.
Vertical and horizontal edges can be introduced within a knitted fabric, e.g., for button holes, by
binding/casting off and re-casting on again (horizontal) or by knitting the fabrics on either side of
a vertical edge separately.
Two knitted fabrics can be joined by embroidery-based grafting methods, most commonly the
Kitchener stitch. New wales can be begun from any of the edges of a knitted fabric; this is
known as picking up stitches and is the basis for entrelac, in which the wales run perpendicular
to one another in a checkerboard pattern.

Illustration of cable knitting. The central braid is formed from 2x2 ribbing in which the
background is formed of purl stitches and the cables are each two wales of knit stitches. By
changing the order in which the stitches are knit, the wales can be made to cross.
6. Cables, increases, and lace
Ordinarily, stitches are knitted in the same order in every row, and the wales of the fabric run
parallel and vertically along the fabric. However, this need not be so, since the order in which
stitches are knitted may be permuted so that wales cross over one another, forming a cable
pattern. Cables patterns tend to draw the fabric together, making it denser and less elastic;[8] Aran
sweaters are a common form of knitted cabling.[9] Arbitrarily complex braid patterns can be done
in cable knitting, with the proviso that the wales must move ever upwards; it is generally
impossible for a wale to move up and then down the fabric. Knitters have developed methods for
giving the illusion of a circular wale, such as appear in Celtic knots, but these are inexact

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approximations. However, such circular wales are possible using Swiss darning, a form of
embroidery, or by knitting a tube separately and attaching it to the knitted fabric.

In lace knitting, the pattern is formed by making small, stable holes in the fabric, generally
with yarn overs.
A wale can split into two or more wales using increases, most commonly involving a yarn over.
Depending on how the increase is done, there is often a hole in the fabric at the point of the
increase. This is used to great effect in lace knitting, which consists of making patterns and
pictures using such holes, rather than with the stitches themselves.[10] The large and many holes
in lacy knitting makes it extremely elastic; for example, some Shetland "wedding-ring" shawls
are so fine that they may be drawn through a wedding ring.
By combining increases and decreases, it is possible to make the direction of a wale slant away
from vertical, even in weft knitting. This is the basis for bias knitting, and can be used for visual
effect, similar to the direction of a brush-stroke in oil painting.
7. Ornamentations and additions
Various point-like ornaments may be added to knitting for their look or to improve the wear of
the fabric. Examples include various types of bobbles, sequins and beads. Long loops can also be
drawn out and secured, forming a "shaggy" texture to the fabric; this is known as loop knitting.
Additional patterns can be made on the surface of the knitted fabric using embroidery; if the
embroidery resembles knitting, it is often called Swiss darning. Various closures for the
garments, such as frogs and buttons can be added; usually buttonholes are knitted into the
garment, rather than cut.
Ornamental pieces may also be knitted separately and then attached using applique. For example,
differently colored leaves and petals of a flower could be knit separately and attached to form the
final picture. Separately knitted tubes can be applied to a knitted fabric to form complex Celtic
knots and other patterns that would be difficult to knit.
Unknitted yarns may be worked into knitted fabrics for warmth, as is done in tufting and
"weaving" (also known as "couching").

GUIDE QUESTION

1. What is the importance of knitting?

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 2. Does knitting reduce stress?
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3. Is knitting good for your brain? Why?
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II. Learning Experiences:

Let’s Check Your

A. Directions: Write the different products of knitting.

KNITTED
PRODUCTS