MAPEH 1: Foundation of Music, Arts, Physical Education and Health

Introduction

What makes a teacher? Teaching is like a salad. Think about it. If you were to attend a party for any given holiday, the number of and variations to each salad recipe that might be present for
consumption could outnumber those present at the party. There are so many different ways to teach, varying circumstances to take into account, and philosophies to apply to each classroom.
And what better way to have a positive impact on the world than to offer knowledge for consumption? The term ‘teacher’ can be applied to anyone who imparts knowledge of any topic, but it is
generally more focused on those who are hired to do so (teach, n.d., n.p.). In imparting knowledge to our students, it is inevitable that we must take into account our own personal philosophies,
or pedagogies, and determine not only how we decide what our philosophies are, but also how those impact our consumers.

Philosophy General Education Music Arts Physical Education Health

Perennialism Perennialists are instructors In teaching music a The teacher as a perrenialist The P.E teacher will not The teacher may use old
who feel that the knowledge perennialist teacher uses teaches the widely used recognize the new kinds of textbooks in health
Perennialists believ
that has been passed through traditional techniques, old techniques in artworks that exercises instead they education compared to the
e that one should
the ages should be continued book references and has been used years ago by make use of old ways to do new information in the
teach the things
as the basis of the curriculum, classical music genre in the artist. They will  not let the a warm-up exercise. internet.
that one deems to
like the classic works of Plato classroom and they will not students do use contemporary
be of everlasting
and Einstein. Perennialists base let the choice of music by artwork techniques.
pertinence to all
their teachings on reason, the students be presented
people everywhere.
logic, and analytical thought. in the classroom.
They believe that
Only information that stood
the most important
the test of time is relevant.
topics develop a
They do not illicit student
person.
input. The classes most likely
to be considered under this
approach would be history,
science, math, and religion
classes (Educational
Philosophies in the Classroom,
pg.1).

Pragmatism  Instruction is organized The teacher is focus on the The teacher uses the method The P.E. teacher will be The teacher will let the
around problem-solving step by step process in of doing a project example a first discuss the important student do a research
 Pragmatism is a
following the steps of the learning certain music sketch project after learning concept of doing warming activity about a science
rejection of the idea
scientific method - emphasizes from a single beat to a from a lecture about sketching up and cooling down experiment and will let
that the function of
the need to act on concepts b complicated song by doing techniques. before and after a extreme them know the concept of
thought is to
describe, represent, testing them (Ornstein, 2003, a practicum. exercise and after that act scientific steps in solving a
or mirror reality. p.104). on the concept learned problem and do an own
Instead, pragmatists research experiment.
develop their
philosophy around
the idea that the
function of thought
is as an instrument
or tool for
prediction, action,
and problem
solving.

Idealism Focuses on a subject-matter An idealist teacher will An idealist teacher will most An idealist teacher in P.E. The Body Systems be first
curriculum emphasizing the make the topic be more likely do a lecture before an classes will most likely do a be lectured in the
Idealism is a
great ideas of the focused like in Music the assessment of how well the lecture on the topics than classroom and a dialogue
philosophical
culture.  Teaching methods teacher will give a lecture student learn the topic like let the students do a or a brainstorming of ideas
approach that has
focus on handling ideas and will let the student do when the topic is about basic practical activity. Like a in the class as an
as its central tenet
through lecture, discussion, a collaborative work on form of art. An idealist teacher warm up exercise the assessment in how well
that ideas are the
and Socratic dialogue (a discussion about a topic will first hold a lecture o the teacher will first do lecture they learn the topic will be
only true reality, the
method of teaching that uses example a topic about topic and afterwards do an then let the students the strategy of the teacher.
only thing worth
questioning to help students melodies. assessment like a pen and perform their own
knowing. In a search
discover and clarify paper test, not necessarily the exercise.
for truth, beauty,
knowledge). (Ornstein, 2003, practical assessment.
and justice that is
p.99).
enduring and
everlasting, the
focus is on
conscious reasoning
in the mind. Plato,
father of Idealism,
espoused this view
about 400 years BC

Realism A subject-matter curriculum

stressing objective knowledge
Realists believe that A realist teacher often A realist teaches arts to A realist P.E. teacher A realist Health teaches
and values. Reality is objective,
reality exists gives lectures about music students by giving emphasis on introduces unified warm students by discussing its
meaning everyone should
independent of the obtain the same results from books with unified the knowledge about the topic up exercises and explains topic and assess student
human mind. The regardless of what he does or handouts in order to attain and integrate it in the values its importance in doing a earning after the
ultimate reality is how he consider concepts the same outcomes. formation of students. work out. demonstration.
the world of (Ornstein, 2003, p.101)
physical objects.
The focus is on the
body/objects. Truth
is objective-what
can be observed.
Aristotle, a student
of Plato who broke
with his mentor's
idealist philosophy,
is called the father
of both Realism and
the scientific
method.

Constructivism Active participation is the key

to this teaching style. Students
Constructivism, a As an activity before a The teacher will make group The teacher will let the The teacher will let the
are free to explore their own
perspective in lecture the teacher will let the students and will let them students decide on what students videotaped or
ideas and share concepts with
education, is based the student make their explore the history of arts kind of dance steps in the record on the importance
one another in nontraditional
on experimental own music by inspired by throughout the world by doing contemporary dance craze body systems and effects
ways. “Hands on activity […] is
learning through past events of their lives. research before a discussion in activity which will be of the malfunction of it on
the most effective way of
real life experience the classroom. performed in culmination the human body system
learning and is considered true
to construct and of their Mapeh class for through a short film.
learning” (Educational
conditionalize the school year.
Philosophies in the Classroom,
knowledge.
pg.1).