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Amino-Max
Powder

200 gm Jars

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Catalouge page:

Amino-Max
Purified Amino Acids Powder

‫لبناء العضالت و الجهاز الحركي‬

Use:

AminoMax contains pure, concentrated, easily absorbed and metabolized

amino acids, in a sugar-free and palatable media.

It is ideal for growth and uniformity of muscles, especially in heavy weight

breeds of dogs. AminoMax is free from corticosteroids and illegal items. It is
also free from fat and artificial colors. It is suitable for dogs in shows and
competitions.

Composition:

Each 100 gm contains:

MOS 7.5 gm

Β-glucans 7 gm

Taurine 2.5 gm

L-Carnitine 2.5 gm

Betaine 2.5 gm

Methionine 2.5 gm

Lysine 2.5 gm

Tryptophan 2.5 gm

Sorbitol 2.5 gm

Dose:

Heavy breeds: 2 teaspoonful twice daily

Light breeds and puppies : 1 teaspoonful once daily

Reg.No: 4507

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 MOS and Beta-glucans
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a species of yeast. It has been instrumental
to winemaking, baking, and brewing since ancient times. It is believed to
have been originally isolated from the skin of grapes (one can see the yeast
as a component of the thin white film on the skins of some dark-colored fruits
such as plums; it exists among the waxes of the cuticle). It is one of the most
intensively studied eukaryotic model organisms in molecular and cell biology,
much like Escherichia coli as the model bacterium. It is the microorganism
behind the most common type of fermentation. S. cerevisiae cells are round
to ovoid, 5–10 μm in diameter. It reproduces by a division process known
as budding.

Many proteins important in human biology were first discovered by studying

their homologs in yeast; these proteins include cell cycleproteins, signaling
proteins, and protein-processing enzymes. S. cerevisiae is currently the only
yeast cell known to have Berkeley bodiespresent, which are involved in
particular secretory pathways. Antibodies against S. cerevisiae are found in
60–70% of patients with Crohn's disease and 10–15% of patients
with ulcerative colitis (and 8% of healthy controls).

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Pawar et al., (2017) studied the use of prebiotics in companion animal
nutrition is often considered advantageous over probiotics because of the
ease of handling, ability to withstand processing and storage etc. While most
of the studies on prebiotic use in dogs have been done with processed food
as basal diet, the response in relation to homemade diet feeding is not very
well explored.
The results indicated that supplementation of MOS at the rate of 15 g/kg in
the diet of dog augmented the cell-mediated immune response and serum
lipid profile without any influences on digestibility of nutrients, hindgut
fermentation and antioxidants indices.

Kelly et al., (2018), examined whether supplemental fructooligosaccharides

(FOS) and (or) mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) influenced indices of gut
health of dogs. They concluded that FOS and MOS are prebiotics that are
likely to have a positive influence on indices of gut health in dogs.
Mannanoligosaccharides tend to enhance microbial populations and modulate
systemic immune function. Fructooligosaccharides decrease concentrations of
putrefactive compounds measured in feces, improving gut health. The
combination of FOS _ MOS tends to enhance local and systemic immune
capacity in addition to decreasing fecal protein catabolite concentrations.
Therefore, FOS and MOS may be used in dog diets to improve gut health by
altering microbial populations positively, enhancing immune capacity and
decreasing concentrations of putrefactive compounds. The use of these
probiotics might be most beneficial in geriatric dogs, young weanling puppies
or dogs under stress, all of which may have compromised immune systems or
undesirable microbial communities in the gut.

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 Taurine
Taurine, is an organic compound that is widely distributed in animal
tissues. It is a major constituent of bile and can be found in the large
intestine, and accounts for up to 0.1% of total human body weight. Taurine is
named after the Latin Taurus, which means bull or ox, as it was first isolated
from ox bile in 1827 by German scientists Friedrich Tiedemann and Leopold
Gmelin.
Taurine has many fundamental biological roles, such as conjugation of bile
acids, antioxidation, osmoregulation, membrane stabilization, and modulation
of calcium signaling. It is essential for cardiovascular function, and
development and function of skeletal muscle, the retina, and the central
nervous system.
Taurine is unusual among biological molecules in being a sulfonic acid, while
the vast majority of biologically occurring acids contain the more weakly
acidic carboxyl group. While taurine is sometimes called an amino acid, and
indeed is an acid containing an aminogroup, it is not an amino acid in the
usual biochemical meaning of the term, which refers to those compounds
containing both an aminoand a carboxyl group attached to the first
carbon atom.

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Taurine is an essential dietary requirement for feline health, since
house cats (and all members of the cat family) cannot synthesize the
compound. The absence of taurine causes a cat's retina to slowly degenerate,
causing eye problems and (eventually) irreversible blindness – a condition
known as central retinal degeneration (CRD), as well as hair loss and tooth
decay. Decreased plasma taurine concentration has been demonstrated to be
associated with feline dilated cardiomyopathy. Unlike CRD, the condition is
reversible with supplementation. Taurine is now a requirement of
the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) and any dry or
wet food product labeled approved by the AAFCO should have a minimum of
0.1% taurine in dry food and 0.2% in wet food. Studies suggest the amino
acid should be supplied at 10 mg/kg of bodyweight/day for domestic cats.
The availability of taurine is affected depending on how the food is prepared,
with raw diets retaining the most taurine, and baking or boiling resulting in
the greatest taurine loss.

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Sanderson, (2006), described some newer more promising therapies for
dogs with DCM do not involve drugs but rather nutritional supplements. Two
of the more common nutritional supplements administered to dogs with DCM
are taurine and carnitine. Deficiencies of these nutrients have been shown to
cause DCM in dogs, and some breeds have been shown to experience
dramatic improvement in myocardial function after supplementation with one
or both nutrients. Although most dogs diagnosed with DCM do not have a
documented taurine or carnitine deficiency, they may still benefit from
supplementation. Both nutrients are very safe to administer to dogs. For
some owners, the high cost of carnitine is the only deterrent to giving their
dogs supplements of both nutrients.

Carnitine
Carnitine is a quaternary ammonium compound involved in metabolism in
most mammals, plants and some bacteria. Carnitine may exist in two isomers,
labeled D-carnitine and L-carnitine, as they are optically active. At room
temperature, pure carnitine is a white powder, and a water-
soluble zwitterion with low toxicity. Carnitine only exists in animals as the L-
enantiomer, and D-carnitine is toxic because it inhibits the activity of L-
carnitine. Carnitine, derived from an amino acid, is found in nearly all
organisms and animal tissue. Carnitine is the generic expression for a number
of compounds that include L-carnitine, acetyl-L-carnitine, and propionyl-L-
carnitine. It is most accumulated in cardiac and skeletal muscles as it
accounts for 0.1% of its dry matter. It was first derived from meat extracts in
1905, therefore the name carnitine is derived from Latin "carnus" or flesh.
The body synthesizes enough carnitine from lysine side chains to keep up
with the needs of energy production in the body as carnitine acts as a
transporter of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria to be oxidized and
produce energy. Some individuals with genetic or medical disorders cannot
make enough, so this makes carnitine a conditionally essential nutrient for
them.

Male infertility:
The carnitine content of seminal fluid is directly related to sperm count and
motility, suggesting that the compound might be of value in treating male
infertility. One study concluded that carnitine supplementation may improve
sperm quality, and the reported benefits may relate to increased
mitochondrial fatty-acid oxidation (providing more energy for sperm) and
reduced cell death in the testes subjected to physical stress to the testes.

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 Betaine
Betaine may be a specific type of zwitterion. Historically, the term was
reserved for TMG (trimethylglycine) only. Biologically, betaine is involved
in methylation reactions and detoxification of homocysteine.
The pronunciation of the compound reflects its origin and first isolation from
sugar beets (Beta vulgaris).
In biological systems, many naturally occurring betaines serve as
organic osmolytes, substances synthesized or taken up from the environment
by cells for protection against osmotic stress, drought, high salinity, or high
temperature. Intracellular accumulation of betaines, non-perturbing to
enzyme function, protein structure, and membrane integrity, permits water
retention in cells, thus protecting from the effects of dehydration. It is also
a methyl donor of increasingly recognised significance in biology.

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 Methionine
Methionine is an essential amino acid. As the substrate for other amino
acids such as cysteine and taurine, versatile compounds such as SAM-e, and
the important antioxidant glutathione, methionine plays a critical role in the
metabolism and health of many species, including humans.
Methionine is also an important part of angiogenesis, the growth of new blood
vessels. Supplementation may benefit those suffering from copper
poisoning. Overconsumption of methionine, the methyl group donor in DNA
methylation, is related to cancer growth in a number of studies. Methionine
was first isolated in 1921 by John Howard Mueller.
Methionine can be regenerated from homocysteine via methionine synthase in
a reaction that requires vitamin B12 as a cofactor.
Homocysteine can also be remethylated using glycine betaine (NNN-trimethyl
glycine, TMG) to methionine via the enzyme betaine-homocysteine
methyltransferase. BHMT makes up to 1.5% of all the soluble protein of the
liver, and recent evidence suggests that it may have a greater influence on
methionine and homocysteine homeostasis than methionine synthase.
DL-Methionine is sometimes given as a supplement to dogs; It helps to
reduce the chances of stones in dogs. Methionine is also known to increase
the urinary excretion of quinidine by acidifying the urine. Aminoglycoside
antibiotics used to treat urinary tract infections work best in alkaline
conditions, and urinary acidification from using methionine can reduce its
effectiveness. If a dog is on a diet that acidifies the urine, methionine should
not be used.
Methionine is allowed as a supplement to organic poultry feed under the US
certified organic program.

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 Lysine
Lysine is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It
contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH3+ form under
biological conditions), an α-carboxylic acid group (which is in the
deprotonated −COO− form under biological conditions), and a side chain lysyl
((CH2)4NH2), classifying it as a basic, charged (at physiological
pH), aliphatic amino acid. Like almost all other amino acids, the α-carbon
is chiral and lysine may refer to either enantiomer or a racemic mixture of
both. For the purpose of this article, lysine will refer to the biologically active
enantiomer L-lysine, where the α-carbon is in the S configuration.
The human body cannot synthesize lysine, so it is essential in humans and
must be obtained from the diet. In organisms that synthesise lysine, it has
two main biosynthetic pathways, the diaminopimelate and α-
aminoadipate pathways, which employ different enzymes and substrates and
are found in different organisms.
Lysine plays several roles in humans, most importantly proteinogenesis, but
also in the crosslinking of collagen polypeptides, uptake of essential mineral
nutrients, and in the production of carnitine, which is key in fatty acid
metabolism. Lysine is also often involved in histone modifications, and thus,
impacts the epigenome. The ε-amino group often participates in hydrogen
bonding and as a general base in catalysis. The ε-ammonium group (NH3+) is
attached to the fourth carbon from the α-carbon, which is attached to the
carboxyl (C=OOH) group.
Due to its importance in several biological processes, a lack of lysine can lead
to several disease states including defective connective tissues, impaired fatty
acid metabolism, anaemia, and systemic protein-energy deficiency. In
contrast, an overabundance of lysine, caused by ineffective catabolism, can
cause severe neurological issues.
Lysine production for animal feed is a major global industry, reaching in 2009
almost 700,000 tonnes for a market value of over €1.22 billion. Lysine is an
important additive to animal feed because it is a limiting amino acid when
optimizing the growth of certain animals such as pigs and chickens for the
production of meat. Lysine supplementation allows for the use of lower-cost
plant protein (maize, for instance, rather than soy) while maintaining high
growth rates, and limiting the pollution from nitrogen excretion.
Lysine is industrially produced by microbial fermentation, from a base mainly
of sugar. Genetic engineering research is actively pursuing bacterial strains to
improve the efficiency of production and allow lysine to be made from other
substrates.

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 Tryptophan
Tryptophan is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
Tryptophan contains an α-amino group, an α-carboxylic acid group, and a
side chain indole, making it a non-polar aromatic amino acid. It is essential in
humans, meaning the body cannot synthesize it: it must be obtained from the
diet. Tryptophan is also a precursor to the neurotransmitterserotonin and
the hormone melatonin.

Sorbitol
Sorbitol less commonly known as glucitol is a sugar alcohol with
a sweet taste which the human body metabolizes slowly. It can be obtained
by reduction of glucose, which changes the aldehyde group to
a hydroxyl group. Most sorbitol is made from corn syrup, but it is also found
in nature, for example in apples, pears, peaches, and prunes. It is converted
to fructose by sorbitol-6-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase. Sorbitol is
an isomer of mannitol, another sugar alcohol; the two differ only in the
orientation of the hydroxyl group on carbon 2. While similar, the two sugar
alcohols have very different sources in nature, melting points, and uses.

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