THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA

PRESIDENT'S OFFICE

REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT

FORM SIX PRE-NECTA EXAMINATION NGARA DISTRICT

133/2 BIOLOGY 2

TIME: 3 HOURS MARCH 2023

INSTRUCTIONS

1. This paper consists of six (6) questions.

2. Answer any five (5) questions
3. Each question carries twenty (20) marks.
4. Except for diagrams which must be drawn in pencil, all writings must be in blue
or black ink.
5. Cellular phones and any unauthorized materials are not allowed in the
examination room.
6. Write your examination number on every page of your answer booklet(s)
provided

Answer any five (5) questions

1. a(i) You have given the following organisms, bacillus, staphylococcus bacteria,
salmonella, Neisseria SP, Chlamydia SP, streptococcus SP, clostridium and Treponema
SP. using the concept of gram stain classify these organisms whether stain positive or
negative.

(ii) With five points differentiate the two categories of gram stain named in 1a (i) above.
(b) By using examples of organisms under division bryophyta explain the concept of
alternation of generations.
2. (a) Explain the various ways in which terrestrial mammal such as rat:
i. Reduces heat loss in a cold environment (2 ways)
ii. Increase heat loss in a hot environment (3ways)

(b) The proximal convoluted tubule are mainly concerned with selective reabsorption.
Give a clear outline on how it is adapted to its functions (five points).

3. (a) discuss the ways in which mitosis in plant cells differ from mitosis in animal cell
(3points)

b (i) explain briefly how lateral branches and lateral roots are formed in plants
 (ii) Explain the role of lateral and apical meristems in plant growth

4. A cross between pure green testa and yellow testa bean seed, produced green testa seeds
in F1. On selfing the F1 plants, F2 had the phenotypes shown in the following table:

F2 phenotype Number

Green testa 3264

Red testa 816

Yellow testa 272

Carryout genetic crosses to show the phenotypes of F1 and F2.

5. The scientists agreed that the occurrence of current species is the result of evolution and
they proposed a number of evidence to support the evolution such as paleontology,
comparative anatomy, comparative biochemistry, geographical distribution of organisms
(biogeography) and selective breeding. Briefly explain how those evidences support the
theory of organic evolution.

6. Ecological pyramids are the graphical representations that show the relative amount of
energy, number of organisms and the biomass of such organisms. With illustrations
briefly explain the types of ecological pyramids in terms of: meaning, usefulness and
limitations of each type of ecological pyramid.