8.

Respiration
1 Which air sample has just been breathed out? B
NOV 02
(19)

NOV 02
(20)

2 In an experiment to investigate the anaerobic respiration of yeast, two bottles

are set up in a warm room.

which describes the appearance of the balloon after one day? B

JUN 03
(20)
3 Which substance in cigarette smoke causes lung cancer? D
A carbon dioxide
B carbon monoxide
C nicotine
D tar

4 Why does anaerobic respiration by yeast release less energy than aerobic
respiration? C
A Energy is lost in carbon dioxide.
JUN 03
B Energy is lost in oxygen. (21)
C Energy remains trapped in ethanol.
D Energy remains trapped in lactic acid.

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 NOV 03
(19)

5 The diagram shows an experiment to find out the rate at which small land
animals and fresh water animals give off carbon dioxide during respiration.
All the tubes were kept at the same temperature and all animals were equally
active.
In which tube would the indicator be the first to change colour? B

NOV 03
(20)

6 The diagram shows an experiment to investigate the respiration of yeast.

Which gas is evolved and which new compound is present? A

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7 From which organ is most carbon dioxide excreted? C
JUN 04
A kidney (18)

B liver
C lung
D skin
JUN 04
(19)
8 Which word equation represents anaerobic respiration in muscles? A
A glucose → lactic acid + energy
B glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy
C glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy
D glucose + oxygen → lactic acid + water + energy

9 Which process in green plants produces carbon dioxide? B

A photosynthesis JUN 04

B respiration (20)

C translocation
D transpiration

10 Four test-tubes are set up as shown. NOV 04

(14)
Which test-tube contains the most carbon dioxide after one hour? A

11 Anaerobic respiration in muscles can be summarised by the following equation.

glucose → X + energy What is X? C
NOV 04
A ethanol (19)

B hydrogen
C lactic acid
D water
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12 Which component of cigarette smoke is most likely to cause lung cancer? D
A carbon dioxide NOV 04

B carbon monoxide (20)

C nicotine
D tar

NOV 05
13 What describes anaerobic respiration? A (19)

energy released oxygen required waste products

NOV 05
(20)

14 What happens to the depth and rate of breathing during increased physical
activity? D

NOV 05
(21)

15 The diagram shows a gaseous exchange surface (alveolus) and part of a nearby

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What would increase the rate of absorption of oxygen into the capillary? B
A increasing the thickness of alveolus wall
B increasing the surface area of alveolus wall
C lowering the concentration of oxygen in the alveolus
D slowing down the rate of breathing
16 Four flasks are sterilised and are set up as shown. JUN 05

Which flask will contain most alcohol after several hours? D (20)

17 The diagram shows some body cells and a nearby capillary. JUN 05
(21)

Which substances must pass in the direction of the arrow for the cells to respire
aerobically? B
A carbon dioxide and water
B glucose and oxygen
C salts and glucose JUN 05
(22)
D water and salts
18 Which features of an animal s skin make it suitable as a gaseous exchange
surface? A

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19 What is produced during anaerobic respiration in muscles? D NOV 06
(18)

20 Which chemical contains energy that is released in aerobic respiration? B

NOV 06
A carbon dioxide (19)

B glucose
C oxygen
D water

21 In an experiment to investigate anaerobic respiration, two bottles are set up in

a warm room, as shown in the diagram.
NOV 06
(20)

What would happen to each

balloon after one day? A

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22The apparatus shown in the diagram is used to investigate the effect of a
green plant on carbon
JUN 06
(13)

Limewater goes cloudy if carbon dioxide is bubbled through it.

What happens to the limewater in X and in Y? B

23 Which word equation represents anaerobic respiration in human muscle? D

JUN 06
A glucose → carbon dioxide + ethanol (alcohol) (19)

B glucose → carbon dioxide + lactic acid

C glucose → ethanol (alcohol)
D glucose → lactic acid

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24 In an experiment three glass bell jars were set up as shown in the diagram.
JUN 06
(20)

At the end of the experiment, which bell jar has the most oxygen and which has
the least? B

25 What are features of gaseous exchange surfaces in animals? D NOV 07

(19)
A thick-walled, dry, large area
B thick-walled, moist, small area
C thin-walled, dry, small area
D thin-walled, moist, large area
26 An athlete produces lactic acid in the leg muscles while running a race. After
the race he is seen to breathe faster and deeper. NOV 07
How does this help to remove the lactic acid? D (20)

A More carbon dioxide is used up.

B More energy is needed.
C More lactic acid is breathed out.
D More oxygen is breathed in.

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27 The flow diagram shows what happens to food in humans.
NOV 07
Which stage shows human respiration? D (21)

28 Why is yeast used in breadmaking? B

JUN 07
A to provide alcohol ( 19)

B to provide carbon dioxide

C to provide oxygen
D to provide lactic acid

29 Which features are present in gaseous exchange surfaces? A

JUN 07
( 20)

30 Which component of cigarette smoke is most likely to cause lung cancer? D

A carbon dioxide JUN 07

B carbon monoxide ( 21)

C nicotine
D tar

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31 What is the role of anaerobic respiration in bread-making? B
NOV 08
A to produce alcohol to flavour the bread ( 19)

B to produce gas to make the bread rise

C to release enough energy to bake the bread
D to release enough lactic acid to kill the yeast
32 Gas exchange in annelid worms occurs through the whole of the skin surface.
What are the most likely characteristics of the skin surface? B NOV 08
( 20)

33 An athlete runs a race. The graph shows how the concentration of lactic acid
in his leg muscles changes.
NOV 08
( 21)

For how long did the athlete run? B

A 2 minutes
B 4 minutes
C 6 minutes
D 10 minutes
34 What do all living things release during respiration? A JUN 08
( 8)

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35 Which route is taken by air passing into the lungs of a human? D
JUN 08
A alveolus → trachea → bronchus ( 19)

B bronchus → trachea → alveolus

C trachea → alveolus → bronchus
D trachea → bronchus → alveolus
36 Which products of anaerobic respiration are important for making beer and
bread? B
JUN 08
( 20)

37 A person has been smoking heavily for many years.

JUN 08
A lot of dust and micro-organisms enter their lungs. ( 21)

Which statement explains why this occurs? B

A Their arteries are blocked with tar.
B The cilia in the trachea have been destroyed.
C The person is addicted to nicotine.
D The surface area of the lungs is reduced. NOV 09
(9)

38 What increases the rate of diffusion of oxygen into red blood cells in the
lungs? D
A Air leaving the lungs is saturated with water vapour.
B Air leaving the lungs still contains 16
% oxygen.
C Blood arriving in the lungs is saturated with oxygen.
D Blood is taken away from the lungs as it circulates.

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39 From the graph, when did the person begin a period of vigorous exercise after
resting? A

NOV 09
(18)

40 Which word equation represents anaerobic respiration in human muscle? D

NOV 09
A glucose → carbon dioxide + ethanol (alcohol) ( 19)

B glucose → carbon dioxide + lactic acid

C glucose → ethanol (alcohol)
D glucose → lactic acid

41 The diagram shows two experiments on the gaseous exchange in small aerobic
crustaceans. Soda-lime absorbs carbon dioxide.
NOV 09
( 20)

Which way does the liquid marker move? B

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42 Which substances are formed during anaerobic respiration in animals and
JUN 09
yeast? C ( 19)

43 In an experiment, three glass bell jars were set up as shown in the diagram.
JUN 09
( 20)

At the end of the experiment, which bell jar has the most oxygen and which has
the least? B

44 The diagram represents the exchange of gases during breathing and during
respiration in the body.
JUN 09
( 21)

What is represented by X and by Y? B

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45 What are the effects of smoking on the gas exchange system? D NOV 10
( 19)

46 What are the properties of an efficient gas exchange system, assuming NOV
it has
10

a good blood supply? B ( 20)

A large surface and thick walls

B large surface and thin walls
C small surface and thick walls
D small surface and thin walls

47 Yeast, warm water and substance Z were put into a test-tube. The apparatus
was then set up as shown. After a while, the lime water began to go cloudy.
NOV 10
( 21)

What is substance Z? C
A alcohol
B carbon dioxide
C glucose
D oxygen
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48 The diagram shows someone blowing up a balloon. JUN 10
( 18)

What percentage of the gas in the balloon is carbon dioxide? C

A 0.04% B 0.4 % C 4.0 % D 40 %

49 The table shows some of the features of respiration. JUN 10

( 19)
Which row is correct for anaerobic respiration? B

50 Four words are shown below.

alcohol anaerobic sugar yeast
These words can be used in the spaces P, Q, R and S to complete the sentence
below.‘In brewing and bread making, respiration takes place. The micro-organism
called ……P…… uses ……Q.….. as a source of food. The product of this……R…… JUN 10

respiration is ……S…… .’ ( 20)

Which combination of words correctly completes the sentences? D

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51 An experiment is set up to investigate the uptake of oxygen by germinating
seeds. Nov 11
( 20)

What happens to the levels at X and Y? D

52 The graph shows the rate and depth of a person’s breathing before exercise.

JUN 11
( 20)

Which graph shows the rate and depth of breathing of the same person
immediately after a period of exercise? C

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53 The diagram shows changes in air pressure inside the lungs during a complete
cycle of breathing. Atmospheric pressure is 101kPa.
Which position on the graph marks the point at which the ribs are beginning to be
raised? C

JUN 11
( 21)

54 Which statement about respiration is not correct? D

JUN 11
A All living cells respire. ( 22)

B Heat is always produced.

C Plants respire in the light and in the dark.
D Plants take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen.
55 What is produced by anaerobic respiration in a muscle? B
NOV 12
( 19)

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56 The table shows the percentage composition of three gases in atmospheric
air.
NOV 12
( 20)

What is the composition of the air breathed out by a person? B

57 Four test-tubes were set up as shown in the diagram and left in full sunlight.
After several hours, which test-tube would contain the most dissolved carbon
dioxide? A

NOV 12
( 21)

58 The diagram shows apparatus used to investigate anaerobic respiration in

yeast.
NOV 12
P13 ( 20)

What happens to the coloured liquid? C

A moves rapidly to the left
B moves slowly to the left
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C moves to the right
D stays still
59 What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast? B
JUN 12
A glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water P11( 19)

B glucose → alcohol + carbon dioxide

C glucose → alcohol + water
D glucose → lactic acid + water

60 Which process depends on energy from respiration? C JUN 12

A diffusion P11( 20)

B osmosis
C peristalsis
D photosynthesis
61 Which process, inside cells, releases energy useful to the human body? D
A digestion JUN 12
P12( 19)
B excretion
C mitosis
D respiration
62 Why is yeast used in bread-making? D
JUN 12
A Aerobic respiration produces alcohol. P12( 20)

B Aerobic respiration produces carbon dioxide.

C Anaerobic respiration produces alcohol.
D Anaerobic respiration produces carbon dioxide.
63 How are aerobic and anaerobic respiration similar? A
JUN 12
A Both involve breaking down glucose. P12( 21)

B Both need a low concentration of oxygen.

C In muscles, both produce carbon dioxide.
D In yeast, both produce alcohol.
64 Which process depends on energy from respiration? C
A diffusion JUN 12
P13 ( 19)
B osmosis
C peristalsis
D photosynthesis
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65 What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast? B
JUN 12
A glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water P13( 23)

B glucose → alcohol + carbon dioxide

C glucose → alcohol + water
D glucose → lactic acid + water
66 The diagram shows a section through an alveolus and a capillary.

NOV 13
P11 ( 20)

Why does carbon dioxide move from X to Y? A

A Air has a lower concentration of carbon dioxide than blood.
B Carbon dioxide moves more freely in air than in blood.
C Carbon dioxide must replace oxygen.
D Diffusion of carbon dioxide can only be out of the blood.
67 The table shows the approximate composition of air breathed out by a
mammal.
NOV 13
P11 ( 21)

Where did the nitrogen in the air breathed out come from? C
A It was a product of proteins broken down in the mammal.
B It was a product of respiration.
C It was in the air that was breathed in.
D It was exchanged for oxygen which was taken into the blood.

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68 The diagram shows some structures in the human neck and thorax.
NOV 13
P11 ( 22)

The lining of tube Q has cilia. What is an important function of the cilia? D
A to help in the exchange of gases
B to increase the internal surface area of tube Q
C to moisten the air entering and leaving the lungs
D to move mucus towards the throat
69 Which process uses the greatest amount of energy? B NOV 13
P13 ( 20)
A gaseous diffusion
B protein synthesis
C respiration
D starch digestion
70 Which chemical could be used to show that cells are respiring aerobically? D
JUN 13
A Benedict’s solution P11 ( 20)

B dilute sulfuric acid

C ethanol
D limewater
71 When does respiration take place in animals and plants? A JUN 13
P11 ( 21)

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72 The diagram shows some ciliated cells from the trachea.
JUN 13
P11 ( 22)

What is the function of the parts labelled X? C

A detecting stimuli
B exchanging gases
C moving mucus JUN 13

D trapping bacteria P12 ( 19)

73 An athlete takes part in a race. The graph shows her breathing rate before,
during and after the race.
At which point does her body contain the greatest amount of lactic acid? C

74 When does respiration take place in animals and plants? A

JUN 13
P12 ( 20)

75 What are the effects of tobacco smoke on the gas exchange system? D
JUN 13
P12 ( 21)

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76 What are the functions of the diaphragm and the cilia in the human gas
exchange system? A

JUN 13
P12 ( 22)

77 The graph shows changes in the volume of air in the lungs of a person at rest,
over a period of 30 seconds. JUN 14
P11 ( 19)

Which graph shows changes in the volume of air in the lungs of the same person
immediately after they have done five minutes of vigorous exercise? C

78 Four word equations are shown.

JUN 14
P carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen P11 ( 20)

Q glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water

R glucose → lactic acid
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S glucose → alcohol + carbon dioxide
What are the equations for anaerobic respiration in humans and anaerobic
respiration in yeast? D

79 What contains the greatest concentration of lactic acid? C

JUN 14
A a bottle of alcoholic drink P12 ( 19 )

B a loaf of freshly baked bread

C muscle cells during vigorous exercise
D yeast cells kept in glucose at 70 °C for 30 minutes

80 Which two statements describe the effects of smoking cigarettes? D

JUN 14
1 Cilia beat more quickly. P12 ( 20
)
2 Cilia beat more slowly.
3 Goblet cells stop producing mucus.
4 Goblet cells produce more mucus.

A 1 and 3 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4

81 A sample of expired air is collected in a gas jar. Another gas jar contains
normal atmospheric air. A lighted candle is placed inside each gas jar as shown.
The time taken for each flame to go out is measured. As the candles burn they
JUN 14
use up the oxygen available in the jar. P12 ( 21 )

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The table shows the results of this experiment.

What is an explanation of the difference between the results in jars X and Y? D

A Jar X contains atmospheric air which has more carbon dioxide.
B Jar X contains expired air which has more carbon dioxide.
C Jar Y contains atmospheric air which has less oxygen.
D Jar Y contains expired air which has less oxygen.

Q19 0610/13/M/J/14

82- The graph shows changes in the volume of air in the lungs of a person at rest,
over a period of 30 seconds.

Which graph shows changes in the volume of air in the lungs of the same person
immediately after they have done five minutes of vigorous exercise? C

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 Q18 0610/11/O/N/14

83- What are the products of anaerobic respiration in muscles? D

A- ethanol and carbon dioxide
B- ethanol only
C- lactic acid and carbon dioxide
Q19 0610/11/O/N/14
D- lactic acid only
84- The oxygen carrying capacity of the blood of smokers is less than that of
non-smokers. Which component of cigarette smoke causes this? A
A carbon monoxide
B nicotine
C smoke particles
D tar
Q20 0610/11/O/N/14
85- Why is yeast used in bread-making? A
A to provide carbon dioxide
B to provide ethanol
C to provide lactic acid
D to provide oxygen Q20 0610/11/M/J/15
86- Which process in humans does not use energy released from respiration? B
A cell division
B diffusion of oxygen
C muscle contraction
D protein synthesis
87- The diagram shows an experiment to investigate the respiration of yeast. A

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 Q19 0610/12/M/J/15
88-

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