F5B 2

Name: ____________________ Class: __________( ) Date: ___________________
Chapter 10 Applications in Trigonometry

10A p.2
10B p.13
10C p.23
Chapter 11 Measures of Dispersion
11A p.38
11B p.53
11C p.63
Chapter 12 More about Dispersion
12A p.72
12B p.81
12C p.88
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1
F5B: Chapter 10A
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5B Lesson Worksheet 10.0 (Refer to Book 5B P.10.3)
Objective: To review angle of elevation, angle of depression, bearings, and the relationship among points,
straight lines and planes.
[In this worksheet, give the answers correct to 3 significant figures if necessary.]
Angle of Elevation and Angle of Depression
1. In the figure, AB and CD represent two vertical towers on the same horizontal A
ground. E is a point between B and D such that AE = 85 m, BE = 40 m and
85 m C
ED = 30 m. The angle of depression of E from C is 56°.
56°
The angle of elevation of X
(a) Find the angle of elevation of A from E. from Y is equal to the angle
(b) Find the height of the tower CD. of depression of Y from X.
B 40 m E 30 m D
angle of
elevation horizontal
angle of line
depression
2. In the figure, B and C are two points on the same sea level. The angles of A
elevation of the top A of a cliff from B and C are 42° and 64° respectively. If
BC = 15 m, find the height AD of the cliff. Review Ex: 1
42° 64°
B 15 m C D
First express CD and

BD in terms of AD.
Bearings
In each of the following, write down the reduced bearing and the whole circle bearing of X from O. [Nos. 3–4]
3. Reduced bearing: N 4. Reduced bearing: N
15.5°
W E W E
Whole circle bearing: O Whole circle bearing: O
X
44°
X S S
For reduced bearing, acute angles are used. Measure For whole circle bearing, the integral part of
directions from N or S, and turn to E or W. an angle is written in three digits.
3
5. In the figure, ∠PQR = 90°. Find the whole circle bearing of Q from R. N
Review Ex: 2 P
N
35°
Q
N
Relationship among Points, Straight Lines and Planes
6. In the figure, ABCDEFGH is a cube. Review Ex: 3−6 A D

(a) Write down the projection of the line AH on each of the following planes. B C
(i) EFGH (ii) ADEF F E
(b) Write down the angle between the line AH and each of the following planes. G H
Angle between PQ P
(i) ABGF (ii) ABCD
and plane π
π
Q R
RQ is the projection of PQ on plane π.
7. In the figure, ABCDEF is a triangular prism whose base ABC is a right-angled triangle. A
(a) Write down the angle between the line CF and each of the following planes. C
B E
(i) ACDE (ii) ABFE
D
(b) Write down the angle between the plane BFDC and each of the following planes.
F
(i) ACDE (ii) ABFE
Level Up Question

8. In the figure, the bearing of pier B from pier A is N48°E and the N
B N
bearing of pier B from pier C is N42°W. The bearing of pier A from
42°
pier C is 245°. A and B are 7 km apart. 7 km
N C 245°
(a) Find ∠ABC.
48°
(b) A ship sails from A to C in a straight line at a speed of 4 km/h.
Can the ship reach C within 2 hours? Explain your answer. A
4
 5B Lesson Worksheet 10.1 (Refer to Book 5B P.10.6)
Objective: To apply the knowledge of trigonometry to solve problems in two dimensions.

Problems in Two Dimensions

We can use the knowledge of trigonometry to solve problems involving angle of elevation, angle of
depression and bearing in two dimensions.
Instant Example 1 Instant Practice 1

In the figure, two trees AB and CD stand vertically In the figure, EF and GH are two buildings standing
on the same horizontal ground. If AB = 5 m, BD = 4 m vertically on the same horizontal ground. The angle
and AD = 7 m, find the angle of elevation of D from A. of depression of E from G is 35° and that of H from
4m D E is 40°. If EH = 58 m, find the height of building GH.
B
X G
35°
5m
7m E Y
40°
A C 58 m
In △ABD, by the cosine formula, F H
AB 2 + AD 2 − BD 2 ∠EGH = ( )−( )=( )

cos ∠BAD =
2 × AB × AD ∠GEY = ( )
52 + 7 2 − 4 2 ?
∠GEH = ( )+( )=( )
=
2× 5× 7
∠BAD = 34.048°, cor. to 5 sig. fig. In △EGH, by the ( ) formula,
∠DAC = ∠BAC − ∠BAD GH ( )
=
sin ( ) sin ( )
= 90° − 34.048°
( )( )
= 56.0°, cor. to 3 sig. fig. GH = m
∴ The angle of elevation of D from A is 56.0°.
=(
( )
) m, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The height of building GH is .
1. In the figure, a balloon is at C. A and B lie on the same horizontal ground.

C
A, B and C lie on the same vertical plane. The angle of elevation of C from
A is 68°. If AB = 9 m and AC = 16 m, find the distance between B and C. 16 m
∠CAB = ( )−( )=( )

△ABC, by the (
68°
In ) formula, A 9m B
?
Ex 10A: 1−6
5
In the figure, the bearings of islands Q and R from In the figure, the bearings of cities B and C from city A
island P are 129° and 235° respectively. The bearing are S15°W and S54°E respectively. The bearing of B
of island P from island R is 055°. If PQ = 18 km from C is N78°W. If AB = 15 km, find the distance
and QR = 24 km, find the whole circle bearing of Q between B and C. N
from R. A
N
With the notation in
54°
∠QPR = 235° − 129°
N P 129° the figure,
15 km
N
55° 18 km 15° α
= 106° 235° α=( ) B
R
78°
By the sine formula, 24 km Q ∠BAC = ( )+( )=( ) C
18 km 24 km ∠ACB = ( )−( )=( )
=
sin ∠PRQ sin 106° By the ( ) formula,
18 sin 106° BC ( )
sin ∠PRQ = =
24 sin ( ) sin ( )
∠PRQ = 46.133°, cor. to 5 sig. fig. ( )( )
BC = km
The required angle = 55° + 46.133° ( )
= 101°, cor. to 3 sig. fig. =( ) km, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The required bearing is 101°. ∴ The distance between B and C is .
2. In the figure, the bearing of pier Z from pier Y is S48°E. Pier X is 17 km from Y N
and 14 km from Z. If YZ = 8 km, find the reduced bearing of X from Y. X
N 17 km
By the ( ) formula, Y 14 km
( 2
) +( ) −(2
) 2
? 48°
cos ∠XYZ =
2( )( ) 8 km Z
Ex 10A: 8−10
Level Up Question

3. In the figure, Peter stands at P and observes a bird flying horizontally from X to Y, where XY = 26 m.
The angles of elevation of X and Y from P are 28° and 54° respectively. Is the bird more than 10 m
away from Peter when it reaches Y? Explain your answer.
26 m
Y X
54° 28°
P
6
New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 5B
10 Applications in Trigonometry
 Consolidation Exercise 10A
[In this exercise, give the answers correct to 3 significant figures if necessary.]
Level 1
1. In the figure, A and B are 72 m apart on a horizontal ground. The C
distances of a bird C from A and B are 56 m and 36 m respectively. A, 56 m 36 m
B and C lie on the same vertical plane. Find the angle of depression of
B from C. A 72 m B
2. In the figure, two people at A and B observe a bus at D. C and D are A

points on the horizontal ground. The distances of A from B and D are 9m 19 m
9 m and 19 m respectively. If the angle of depression of D from B is B
25°
25°, find the angle of elevation of A from D.
C D
3. In the figure, D is a helicopter. A and C lie on the horizontal ground.
D
D, A and C lie on the same vertical plane. The angles of depression of 31° 53°
A and C from D are 31° and 53° respectively. If CD = 51 m, find the 51 m
distance between A and C.
A C
4. The figure shows a vertical tower AB. PBQ is a straight line on the A
horizontal ground. The angles of elevation of A from P and Q are 31°
and 50° respectively. If PQ = 80 m, 50°
31°
(a) find the distance between A and P, P B Q
80 m
(b) find the height of the tower AB.
5. In the figure, AB is a vertical building. BCD is a straight line on the A

horizontal ground. The distance between C and D is 70 m. The angles 41°
of depression of C and D from A are 68° and 41° respectively. 68°

(a) Find the distance between A and C.
(b) Find the height of the building AB. D 70 m C B
6. The figure shows a tree AC. B is a point on AC such that AB = 6 m. C A

and D are points on the horizontal ground. The distance between B
6m
and D is 10 m. The difference between the angles of elevation of A 27°
and B from D is 27°. B
(a) Find the angle of depression of D from A. D C
(b) Find the height of the tree.
7
7. In the figure, a hot air balloon travels vertically upward from P. A
video recorder is placed at Q, where P and Q lie on the same
B
horizontal ground. When the hot air balloon reaches A, the distance A
between A and Q is 130 m. When the hot air balloon reaches B, the 150 m
130 m
distance between B and Q is 150 m. The difference between the
angles of depression of Q from A and B is 3°. If the average speed of
P Q
the hot air balloon when travelling from A to B is 2 m/s, find the time
taken by the balloon to travel from A to B.
8. In the figure, CD is a vertical building. ABD is a straight line on the C

horizontal ground. Danny walks from A to D at a constant speed of
37° 18°
1.2 m/s and reaches B 3 minutes later. He finds that the angles of D B A
elevation of C from A and B are 18° and 37° respectively. Find the
difference between the distances of C from A and B.
9. In the figure, cities B and C are 86 km apart. The bearings of B and C N

from city A are S14°E and S56°E respectively. The bearing of C from A
B is N66°E.
56°
(a) Find ∠ACB. 14°
N
(b) Find the distance between A and B. 66° C
86 km
B
10. In the figure, ships A and C are 100 km apart. Ships B and C are 80 N C
km apart. The bearings of B and C from A are S70°E and N68°E 68°
100 km
respectively. ∠ABC is an acute angle. A 80 km N
(a) Find the bearing of C from B. 70°
B
(b) Find the distance between A and B.
11. In the figure, the bearings of car B and car C from car park A are N
N37°E and N63°W respectively. The distance between A and B is 9.2 B
km. The distance between A and C is 7 km.

N
(a) Find the distance between B and C. C 37° 9.2 km
63°
7 km
(b) Find the bearing of C from B.
A
12. In the figure, the bearings of checkpoints Q and R from P are 077° N
77°
and 202° respectively. PQ = 14 m and PR = 24 m. 14 m Q
P
(a) Find the distance between Q and R.
202°
(b) Find the bearing of Q from R. 24 m
(c) Find the area of the triangle formed by P, Q and R.
R
8
13. In the figure, the bearing of town B from town A is 114°. The bearing N
of town C from town B is 240°. The distance between A and B is 260 114°
N
A 260 km
km. A car leaves B and travels at a constant speed of 48 km/h for 5
hours to C. B
(a) Find the distance between A and C. 240°
(b) If the car travels from C to A, in which direction does the car travel? C
Level 2
14. In the figure, AB and CD are two buildings. They stand vertically on C
the same horizontal ground. The height of AB is 27 m. The angles of

elevation of C from A and B are 32° and 48° respectively. Find the A 32°
horizontal distance between the two buildings. 27 m

48°
B D
15. In the figure, AB is a flagpole standing vertically on the horizontal 15° C

ground. CD is a ladder leaning against a vertical wall. B and D lie on A 4.5 m
the same horizontal ground. The angle of elevation of A from D is 41°.
5m
The angle of depression of A from C is 15°. The distances of C and D
41°
from A are 4.5 m and 5 m respectively. B D
(a) Find the length of the ladder.
(b) Find the distance between the flagpole and the vertical wall.
(c) Find the angle of elevation of C from B.
16. In the figure, the height of a vertical tree is 21 m. Bird A is at the top B
of the tree. Bird B is flying in the sky. Prey P is on the horizontal 66°
ground. A, B, C and P lie on the same vertical plane. The angles of 43°
A
depression of P from A and B are 31° and 66° respectively. The angle 31°
of elevation of B from A is 43°. 21 m
(a) Find the horizontal distance between the prey and the tree.
(b) Find the distance between the two birds. C P
(c) Bird A flies straight to P at an average speed of 11 m/s. Bird B

flies straight to P at an average speed of 12 m/s. Both birds start
to fly to P at the same time. Which bird will arrive at the location
of P first? Explain your answer.
17. In the figure, EF is a river. AB and CD are two vertical buildings. C

BEFD is a straight line on the horizontal ground. The angles of 57°
depression of E and F from A are 57° and 38° respectively. The angles A
38°
of elevation of C from E and F are 55° and 70° respectively. It is given
that CE = 115 m. 70°
(a) Find the width of the river EF. B E 55° F D
9
(b) Find the heights of the two buildings AB and CD.
(c) Find the horizontal distance between the two buildings.
(d) Find the angle of depression of A from C.
18. In the figure, a car travels straight from town A to town C in 6 hours. N
The bearing of C from A is S49°E. The bearings of A and C from N
A
town B are N75°W and S27°W respectively. The distance between B 75°
49° B
and C is 165 km. 165 km
(a) Find ∠BAC. (b) Find the average speed of the car.
C 27°
19. In the figure, P, Q and R are three ports. The bearing of Q from P is N
143°
055°. The bearing of R from Q is 143°. P and R are 179 km apart. Q Q
and R are 126 km apart. N
55° 126 km
(a) Find the distance between P and Q.
P
(b) Find the bearing of P from R. 179 km R
(c) A radar located at Q can detect any ship within 80 km. If a ship
sails from P to R in a straight line, can the ship be detected by the
radar? Explain your answer.
20. In the figure, ABC is a triangular garden. B is 18 m from A. The C

N
bearings of B and C from A are S67°E and N63°E respectively. The 63° 14°
bearing of C from B is N14°W. A N
(a) Find the distance between A and C. 67°

18 m
(b) Find the area of the garden ABC.
B
(c) A straight path from B to AC is built. Can the length of the path
be shorter than 13.5 m? Explain your answer.
21. In the figure, the bearing of town B from town A is 338°. The bearing N
of town C from B is 228°. The bearing of A from C is 086°. The B 228°
distance between A and B is 44 km. 44 km
N N
(a) Find ∠ABC. 86°
(b) Find the distance between A and C. A
C
(c) Town D is 22 km due south of C. 338°
(i) Find the distance between A and D.
(ii) Find the bearing of D from B.
22. A logistics group owns three warehouses (A, B, C) and a triangular B

C
land ABC, as shown in the figure. A and B are 30 m apart. The N
30 m
bearings of B and C from A are N21°W and N59°E respectively. The 59°
21°
area of the triangular land ABC is 650 m2. A
(a) Find the distance between A and C.
(b) Find the bearing of B from C.
10
(c) A new warehouse D is built to replace warehouse C. D is 16 m
apart from C. The bearing of C from D is S33°E. Is the area of
the new triangular land ABD smaller than that of the triangular
land ABC? Explain your answer.
23. Two piers A and B are 125 km apart. The bearing of B from A is 160°.
Ship P leaves A at a constant speed of 30 km/h in the direction of
223° and arrives at island C after 3.5 hours.
(a) Find the distance between B and C.
(b) Find the shortest distance between B and P when P travels from
A to C.
(c) Find the bearing of C from B.
* 24. The figure shows four towns A, B, C and D. B and C are 84 km apart. C
The bearings of B, C and D from A are S30°E, N50°E and S77°E
respectively. The bearings of C and D from B are N17°E and N48°E
N
respectively. 50°
N
(a) Find the distance between A and B. A
77°
(b) Find the distance between A and D. 17° D
30° N
(c) Find the bearing of C from D.
48°
(d) Now, car P travels from A to C in a straight line at a constant
speed of 65 km/h. Ten minutes later, car Q travels from D to C in B
a straight line at a constant speed of 65 km/h. Which car will
arrive at C first? Explain your answer.
* 25. In the figure, ship A leaves port P at 9:30 a.m. and ship B leaves port N
76° S
Q at 10:00 a.m. on the same day. A sails at a constant speed of 24
R
km/h in the direction of 052° and expects to arrive at island R at 2:00
A
p.m. on the same day. B sails at a constant speed in the direction of N
52°
035° and expects to arrive at island S at 4:00 p.m. on the same day.
P 138°
The bearing of Q from P is 138°. The bearing of S from R is 076°. 35°
N B
The distance between P and Q is 71 km. 71 km
(a) (i) Find the distance between P and R. Q
(ii) Find the distance between Q and S.
(b) Find the constant speed of ship B.
(c) Ship B strikes a reef and stops moving at 1:00 p.m. The captain
of ship B immediately sends out an SOS. At 1:30 p.m., ship A
starts to sail at a constant speed of 40 km/h to ship B in a straight
line.
(i) Find the reduced bearing of ship B from ship A at 1:30 p.m.
(ii) Can ship A arrive at the location of ship B before 3:00 p.m.?
Explain your answer.
11
Answers
Consolidation Exercise 10A
1. 49.8° (b) AB: 50.2 m, CD: 94.2 m
2. 50.4° (c) 98.6 m
3. 98.5 m (d) 24.0°
4. (a) 62.0 m 18. (a) 26°
(b) 32.0 m (b) 61.4 km/h
5. (a) 101 m 19. (a) 123 km
(b) 93.8 m (b) 280°
6. (a) 40.8° (c) no
(b) 8.39 m 20. (a) 14.8 m
7. 10.6 s (b) 102 m2
8. 194 m (c) no
9. (a) 58° 21. (a) 70°
(b) 109 km (b) 67.2 km
10. (a) N13.2°W (c) (i) 72.1 km
(b) 118 km (ii) 217°
11. (a) 12.5 km 22. (a) 44.0 m
(b) S70.5°W (b) N83.7°W
12. (a) 34.0 m (c) yes
(b) 041.7° 23. (a) 121 km
2
(c) 138 m (b) 111 km
13. (a) 228 km (c) 290°
(b) 353° 24. (a) 46.5 km
14. 55.6 m (b) 55.5 km
15. (a) 4.48 m (c) N6.79°W
(b) 4.35 m (d) P
(c) 45.6° 25. (a) (i) 108 km
16. (a) 34.9 m (ii) 163 km
(b) 24.7 m (b) 27.1 km/h
(c) B (c) (i) S22.2°E
17. (a) 31.7 m (ii) yes
12
F5B: Chapter 10B
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 5B Lesson Worksheet 10.2 (Refer to Book 5B P.10.16)
Objective: To apply the knowledge of trigonometry to find angles and lengths in 3-dimensional figures.
Angles and Lines in 3-dimensional Figures

B C In the figure, ABCDEFGH is a 20° A 5 cm B
In the figure, ABCDEFGH is a 3 cm
A D D
cuboid. AB = 3 cm, AF = 4 cm cuboid. AB = 5 cm, DH = 12 cm, C
4 cm H
and BE = 15 cm. Find the angle G BH = 10 cm and ∠ABD = 20°. Find
F E F G
between BE and BF. the angle between DH and BH.
△BEF is a right-angled E H
The required angle is ∠EBF. triangle. The required angle is ( ).
In △ABF, A 3 cm B
In △ABD, A 5 cm
20°
B
2
BF = AB + AF 2 2 5 cm
4 cm cos ( )= D
( )
BF = 32 + 4 2 cm
F DB = ( ) cm, cor. to 5 sig. fig.
△BHD, by the cosine formula,
= 5 cm
In △BEF, B
In D B
BF 15 cm ( )2 + ( ) 2 − DB 2 12 cm 10 cm
cos ∠EBF = 5 cm cos ∠DHB =
BE E
2( )( ) H
F
5 ( 2
) +( ) −( 2
) 2
= =
15 2×( )×( )
∠EBF = 70.5°, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴
∠DHB = ( ), cor. to 3 sig. fig.
The angle between BE and BF is 70.5°. ∴ The angle between DH and BH is .
1. In the figure, ABCDEF is A D 2. The figure shows a right triangular A

9 cm 78°
a right triangular prism. 8 cm prism. AB = 9 cm, BF = 24 cm, B C
F
BC = 13 cm, CE = 6 cm E ∠DBF = 16° and ∠BAD = 78°. 24 cm 16°
6 cm
and DE = 8 cm. Find the B 13 cm C Find the angle between AD and BD. E
angle between BD and BE. F D
Ex 10B: 3, 4, 9, 10
The required angle is ( ).
In △( ), ( )
B
( )
( )2 = ( )2 + ( )2 ( ) cm ( ) cm
B
13 cm ( )
( ) ( )
( )
9 cm
B ( )
8 cm
B
( ) cm ( ) ( ) cm ( )
( )
15
In the figure, ABCDEFGH is a B C In the figure, ABCDEF is a right B
24 cm
cuboid. Find the angle between A D 9 cm triangular prism. Find the angle A
G H F
CF and the plane BCHG. between BD and the plane CDEF. 65° C
15 cm E 18 cm
F 22 cm E D
The required angle is ∠FCG. The required angle is ( ). F is the projection of B
In △CEH, G is the projection of F
on BCHG. In △DEF, on CDEF.
F
18 cm 65°
EH2 + CH2 = CE2 sin ( )=
( ) D
C E 18 cm
EH = 15 2 − 9 2 cm
15 cm
9 cm DF = ( ) cm, cor. to 5 sig. fig.
△(
= 12 cm E H
In ), B
FG = EH = 12 cm G C
△FCG,
24 cm
12 cm ( ) ( )
In 22 cm cos ( )= = F D
( ) ( )
FG 12 F
sin ∠FCG = = ( )=( ), cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴
CF 22
∠FCG = 33.1°, cor. to 3 sig. fig. The angle between BD and the plane CDEF is
∴ The angle between CF and the plane BCHG is .
33.1°.
3. In the figure, ABCDEF is a A B 4. In the figure, ABCDEFGH is a A B

right triangular prism. Find 16 cm cuboid. Find the angle between D C 10 cm
the angle between BE and AH and the plane ADEF. F G
D C 14 cm
the plane ADE. 7 cm E 19 cm H
E
32° F ( ) is the projection of H on ADEF.
The required angle is ( ). Ex 10B: 5, 6
In △( ), ( ) is the projection of B on ADE. B

10 cm
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) cm
( ) cm
32°
E A
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) cm
( ) cm
Level Up Question

5. In the figure, PQRSTUVW is a cuboid, where PQ < PU. Is the angle between PW and the plane
QRWV greater than the angle between PW and the plane TUVW? Explain your answer.
P Q
R
S
U V
T W
16
 Consolidation Exercise 10B
[In this exercise, unless otherwise stated, give the answers correct to 3 significant figures if necessary.]
Level 1
1. In the figure, ABCDEFGH is a cuboid. BG = 5 cm, EH = 9 cm and H 4 cm
9 cm G
GH = 4 cm. I is the mid-point of AB. Find the length of HI.
E 5 cm
F
C B
D I
A
2. The figure shows a right prism box ABCDEF whose base DEF is an C
A 50°
isosceles triangle. DE = EF = 21 cm, AE = 18 cm and ∠ABC = 50°. A
18 cm B
straight thin rod is placed inside the box touching A and the side DF. D
E
Find the shortest possible length of the rod. 21 cm F
3. The figure shows a cuboid ABCDEFGH. AB = 7 cm, BC = 9 cm and F E

15 cm
AF = 15 cm. D
A G H
(a) Find the angle between the lines CE and EH. 7 cm
(b) Find the angle between the lines AC and CF. B 9 cm C
4. In the figure, PABCD is a pyramid whose base ABCD is a rectangle. P

PC is perpendicular to the plane ABCD. AB = 24 cm, BC = 27 cm and 16 cm
PC = 16 cm. D C
(a) Find the angle between the line PA and the plane PCD. 27 cm
(b) Find the angle between the line PA and the plane ABCD.
A 24 cm B
5. The figure shows a right prism ABCDEF with a triangular base ABC. B
BC = 11 cm, CD = 6 cm, ∠ABC = 90° and ∠BAC = 40°. 11 cm
A 40° F
(a) Find the angle between the line CE and the plane DEF. C
(b) Find the angle between the line CE and the plane BCDF. 6 cm
E
D
6. In the figure, ABCDEFGH is a cuboid. AB = 10 cm and DE = 12 cm. D 12 cm E

M and N are the mid-points of BG and CH respectively. Find the
A F
angle between the planes ABCD and AMND. H
C N
10 cm
B M G
17
7. The figure shows a triangular pyramid ABCD. AB is perpendicular to A
the plane BCD. AB = BC = 6 cm, BD = 8 cm and ∠CBD = 90°.
(a) Find the exact value of sin ∠BDC.
B
(b) Hence, find the angle between the planes ACD and BCD.
D
C
8. The figure shows a cube ABCDEFGH of side 5 cm. E H

(a) Find the angle between the lines AE and EG. G
F
(b) Find the acute angle between the planes AEG and EFGH. D
5 cm C
5 cm
A 5 cm B
9. The figure shows a right prism ABCDEF with triangular base ABC. A 15 cm
44° B
AB = 15 cm, AC = 13 cm, BF = 19 cm and ∠BAC = 44°. 13 cm
(a) Find the angle between the line CF and the plane ABC. C 19 cm
(b) Find the angle between the planes ACDE and BCDF. E
F
10. The figure shows a right prism ABCDEF whose base ABC is an E 11 cm A
5 cm
isosceles triangle. AB = AC = 5 cm, BC = 4 cm and AE = 11 cm. G is F
B
the mid-point of DF. G 4 cm
D C
(a) Find the angle between the planes ABFE and BCDF.
(b) Find the angle between the lines AG and CG.
11. The figure shows a tetrahedron ABCD. AB is perpendicular to the A

plane BCD. AB = 20 cm, BC = 25 cm, CD = 21 cm and ∠BDC = 52°. D
(a) Find ∠CBD. 20 cm
52°
21 cm
(b) Find the angle between the line AD and the plane BCD.
B
25 cm C
12. The figure shows a pyramid PABCD whose base ABCD is a rectangle. P
X is the mid-point of AB and PX is perpendicular to the plane ABCD.
19 cm
AB = 20 cm, PB = 19 cm and ∠ADX = 50°. C
(a) Find the height of the pyramid. D B
X
(b) Find the angle between the lines AD and PD. 20 cm
50° A
18
13. The figure shows a right prism whose base ABC is an equilateral 20 cm E
A
triangle. AB = 8 cm and AE = 20 cm. 8 cm
(a) Find the angle between the lines BD and BE. B F
D
(b) Find the angle between the planes BDE and DEF.
C
(c) Is the angle between the line BE and the plane DEF greater than
the angle obtained in (b)? Explain your answer without finding
the angle between the line BE and the plane DEF.
Level 2
14. The figure shows a cuboid ABCDEFGH, where ABCD is a square of E F
11 cm
side 8 cm and AF = 11 cm. M and N are the mid-points of BC and CH
D A
respectively. H G
8 cm
(a) Find the angle between the lines AM and AN. N
C M B
(b) Find the angle between the line AN and the plane BCHG.
15. The figure shows a cuboid ABCDEFGH. M and N are the mid-points
18 cm B 5 cm
of AB and EH respectively. BE and MN intersect at I. AB = 18 cm, M C
A
AF = 10 cm and BC = 5 cm. D
10 cm I
(a) Find the length of BE. G
H
(b) Find ∠BIM. F N
E
16. The figure shows a triangular pyramid ABCD. AD is perpendicular to A

the plane BCD. AB = 16 cm, ∠BAD = 42°, ∠BCD = 40° and 42° 16 cm
∠CBD = 45°.
(a) Find the angle between the line AC and the plane BCD. D
45° B
(b) Find the angle between the planes ABC and BCD. 40°
C
17. The figure shows a right triangular prism ABCDEF. M is the F

8 cm
projection of B on the plane ACDE. AB = AC = 5 cm, BF = 8 cm and
B
∠BAC = 70°. D
5 cm E
(a) Find the angle between the lines CF and FM. 70°
(b) Find the angle between the planes CFM and BCDF. A M C
5 cm
18. The figure shows a cube ABCDEFGH of side 8 cm. M is the mid- E M H
point of EH.
(a) Find the angle between the planes ACM and ABCD. F G
D C
(b) Find the angle between the planes ACM and CDEH.
A 8 cm B
19
19. The figure shows a regular tetrahedron ABCD of side 5 cm. A
(a) Find the angle between the planes ABC and BCD. 5 cm
D
(b) Find the shortest distance between A and the plane BCD. B
20. The figure shows a right pyramid VABCD whose base ABCD is a V
rectangle. VO is perpendicular to the plane ABCD. AB = 7 cm,
BC = 9 cm and ∠ABV = 75°. D C
(a) Find the length of VO. O
9 cm
(b) Find the angle between the lines VB and BC. 75°
A 7 cm B
(c) Find the angle between the planes VAB and ABCD.
21. The figure shows a right pyramid VABCD whose base ABCD is a V 60°
square of side 9 cm. ∠BVC = 60° and VN is perpendicular to the C
D
plane ABCD. X and Y are the mid-points of AB and AD respectively.
9 cm
(a) Find the height of the pyramid. Y N
(b) Find the angle between the lines VX and VY. A X B
(c) Find the angle between the planes VAB and VAD.
22. The figure shows a right prism ABCDEF whose base ABC is a D
9 cm
triangle. G is the mid-point of EF. AB = 6 cm, CD = 15 cm, BC = 8
E
cm and DE = 9 cm. G F 15 cm
(a) Find the length of CG.

C
(b) Find the angle between the line CG and the plane ABC.
A 8 cm
(c) Find the angle between the planes BCG and ABC. 6 cm
B
23. The figure shows a right triangular prism ABCDEF, where the base E
9 cm
ABC is an acute-angled triangle. AE = 9 cm, BC = 7 cm, ∠BAC = 35° A
50°
and ∠DAE = 50°.
(a) Find the length of AF. 35° F D
(b) Find the angle between the lines AF and AD.
B 7 cm C
(c) Find the angle between the planes ADF and BCDF.
24. The figure shows a tetrahedron ABCD. AD = 10 cm, BC = 6 cm, A

∠ACD = 2x, ∠BAC = x, ∠ABD = 68° and ∠ABC = ∠ADC = 90°. 10 cm x
(a) Find x.
D
[Hint: You may use the formula sin 2θ = 2 sin θ cos θ without proof.] 2x 68°
(b) Find the length of BD.
C 6 cm B
(c) Let E be a point on AC such that DE ⊥ AC. Is ∠BED the angle
between the planes ABC and ACD? Explain your answer.
20
25. The figure shows a right prism ABCDEF whose base ADE is a right- E F
25°
angled triangle. ∠ADE = 90°, AD = 12 cm, DE = 9 cm and ∠AFE = 9 cm
25°. G is a point on AB such that AG : BG = 6 : 5. D C
12 cm B
(a) Find the angle between the line AF and the plane ABCD. A G
(b) Find the angle between the lines EG and FG.
(c) Let H be a movable point on AG and α be the angle between the
line FH and the plane ABCD. John claims that when H moves
from G to A, α increases. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
* 26. Fig. I shows a wooden rectangular block ABCDEFGH, where AB = 10 cm, AF = 8 cm and EF = 20
cm. X and Z are the mid-points of AB and EF respectively. Y is a point on AD such that FZ = 2AY. A
geometric model is made by cutting off the solid AXYZFG from ABCDEFGH as shown in Fig. II.
Denote the plane BCDYX be plane α.
E H E H
20 cm Z
F G F G
D C D C
8 cm Y
A 10 cm B Fig. I A X B Fig. II
(a) Find ∠XGZ.

(b) Find the angle between the planes GXYZ and α.
(c) Find the area of GXYZ.
(d) Is the angle between the line GX and plane α greater than the angle between the line ZY and
plane α? Explain your answer without finding these two angles.
* 27. Fig. I shows a wooden block VABC in the form of a right pyramid. The base ABC is an equilateral
triangle of side 24 cm and VA = 12 2 cm. VX is perpendicular to the plane ABC. D, E and F are the
mid-points of AB, AC and BC respectively. Let M and N be points on VA and VC respectively such
that MN is parallel to AC. A geometric model is made by cutting off the pyramid VBMN from VABC as
shown in Fig. II. The area of △ABM is 60 cm . 2
V C V N C
F
B E B
X M
D
A Fig. I A Fig. II
(a) Find the height (VX) of the wooden block.

(b) Find the length of AM and leave the radical sign ‘ √’ in the answer.
Hence, find ∠ABM.
(c) Let α be the angle between the plane BMN and the base ABC.
(i) Find α.
(ii) Let β be the angle between the line BM and the base ABC. Which one of α and β is greater?
21
Answers
Consolidation Exercise 10B
1. 7.83 cm 18. (a) 70.5°
2. 24.1 cm (b) 48.2°
3. (a) 65.0° 19. (a) 70.5°
(b) 52.8° (b) 4.08 cm
4. (a) 43.1°
(b) 23.9° 20. (a) 12.3 cm
5. (a) 19.3° (b) 70.6°
(b) 46.3° (c) 69.8°
6. 31.0° 21. (a) 6.36 cm
3 (b) 48.2°
7. (a)
5 (c) 109°
(b) 51.3°
22. (a) 17.0 cm
8. (a) 60°
(b) 62.0°
(b) 54.7°
(c) 78.9°
9. (a) 60.7°
23. (a) 15.1 cm
(b) 78.0°
(b) 27.5°
10. (a) 66.4°
(c) 49.8°
(b) 24.7°
24. (a) 33.6°
11. (a) 41.4°
(b) 8.83 cm
(b) 32.3°
(c) no
12. (a) 16.2 cm
25. (a) 14.7°
(b) 66.2°
(b) 93.7°
13. (a) 21.4°
(c) no
(b) 70.9°
26. (a) 68.0°
(c) no
(b) 66.2°
14. (a) 31.4°
(c) 92.8 cm2
(b) 39.5°
(d) no
15. (a) 21.2 cm
27. (a) 9.80 cm
(b) 58.2°
(b) AM = 5 2 cm, ∠ABM = 14.7°
16. (a) 45.3°
(c) (i) 12.8°
(b) 57.5°
(ii) α
17. (a) 19.5°
(b) 16.9°
22
F5B: Chapter 10C
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23
 5B Lesson Worksheet 10.3A (Refer to Book 5B P.10.31)
Objective: To apply the knowledge of trigonometry to solve problems in three dimensions involving heights.
Problems Involving Heights

In the figure, AB is a vertical A In the figure, two straight lines P
flagpole. B, C and D are three of flags are joined from the top
points on the same horizontal 40° P of a wall PQ to R and S
B D 70° Q
ground, where ∠CBD = 90°. 15 m respectively. Q, R and S are on
25 m 22°
The angle of elevation of A C the same horizontal ground, where S
R 52 m
from D is 40°. If BC = 15 m ∠RQS = 90° and ∠QSR = 22°.
If BD is found,
and CD = 25 m, find the height AB can be found The angle of elevation of P from
by tangent ratio. If QR is found,
of the flagpole. R is 70°. If RS = 52 m, find the PQ can be found

In △BCD, Find BD first. height of the wall. by tangent ratio.
△(

BC2 + BD2 = CD2 B D In ), Find QR first.
15 m ( )
BD = 252 − 152 m 25 m sin ( )= Q S
( )m 22°
= 20 m C 52 m
In △ABD, QR = ( ) sin ( )m R
AB A =( ) m, cor. to 5 sig. fig.

tan 40° =
20 m
40°
In △( ), P
AB = 20 tan 40° m B 20 m
D ( )
tan ( )=
= 16.8 m, cor. to 3 sig. fig. ( )m
∴ The height of the flagpole is 16.8 m. PQ = ( ) tan ( )m
R
70°
Q
( )m
=( ) m, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The height of the wall is .
1. In the figure, AB is a vertical tower. B, C and In ( ), by the ( ) formula,

D are three points on the same horizontal BD ( )
=
ground, where ∠BCD = 25° and ∠CBD = 110°. sin ( ) sin ( )
If AD = 26 m and CD = 18 m, find the height
of the tower.
A If BD is found, AB
can be found by
Pythagoras’ theorem.
26 m 
Find BD first.
25° B
110°
D
C 18 m
Ex 10C: 1−4
24
2. In the figure, XY, YZ and XZ are paths on the 3. In the figure, ST is a vertical lamp post. T, U and
same horizontal ground. PQ is a vertical tree, V are three points on the same horizontal ground,
where XQ = QZ. The angle of elevation of P where ∠TUV = 55°, ∠TVU = 40° and TV = 12 m.
from Z is 42°. If XY = 9 m, YZ = 15 m and The angle of elevation of S from U is 38°.
∠XYZ = 120°, find the height of the tree. (a) Find the height of S
P If QZ is found, PQ the lamp post.

can be found by
trigonometric ratio.
(b) Find the angle of
 elevation of S from V. 38° T 12 m
X If XZ is found, QZ 55° B 40° V
Q can be found U
9m 120° B
42° ∵
( XQ = QZ). Ex 10C: 12−14
Z 
Y 15 m (a)
Find XZ first.
If UT is found,
ST can be found
by trigonometric
ratio.

Find UT by the
( ) formula
first.
T
?
U V
(b)
Level Up Question

4. In the figure, PQR is a triangular lawn on a horizontal ground, where ∠PQR = 60°, M
PQ = x m and QR = 25 m. A balloon M is vertically above Q. The angle of
elevation of M from P is 30°. When the area of the lawn is at least 300 m2, is Q
the height of the balloon above Q at least 16 m? Explain your answer. 30° 60° R
P B
Area of triangle
1
= ab sin C
2
25
 5B Lesson Worksheet 10.3B (Refer to Book 5B P.10.33)
Objective: To apply the knowledge of trigonometry to solve problems in three dimensions involving inclinations.
Problems Involving Inclinations

A α horizontal
θ is called the ℓ2 plane φ is called the
horizontal
inclination of φ inclination of
θ plane X ℓ1
P AB. line of the plane α.
B
intersection Y

In the figure, AC is a straight A 22 cm D In the figure, QS is a path on a P S
scratch on the plane ABCD 3m
35 cm 16 cm rectangular slope PQRS. QUTR U
T
of a toy block. The toy F E and PSTU are rectangles. S is 6m
Q
block is in the shape of a B 3 m above the horizontal plane 8m R
C
right triangular prism with QRTU. QR = 8 m and RT = 6 m.
∠CED = 90°. AC = 35 cm, (a) Find the inclination of the slope PQRS.
AD = 22 cm and DE = 16 cm. (b) Find the inclination of QS.
(a) Find the inclination of the plane ABCD. (a) The required inclination is ∠SRT.
(b) Find the inclination of the scratch AC. In △( ),
(a) The required inclination is ∠DCE. ( ) S
△ACD,
tan ∠SRT =
In ( ) 3m
R T
( ) 6m
AD2 + CD2 = AC2 A 22 cm D =
( )
CD = 352 − 22 2 cm
35 cm ∠SRT = ( ), cor. to 3 sig. fig.
In △CDE,
= 741 cm
C
∴ The inclination of the slope PQRS is
DE ( ).
sin ∠DCE = D
CD (b) Join QT. The required inclination is ∠SQT.
=
16
741 cm
C
16 cm
E
In △( ),
741 QT 2 = ( )2 + ( )2 T
∠DCE = 36.0°, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The inclination of the plane ABCD is 36.0°.
QT =
=(
( )2 + (
)m
)2 m 6m
Q
△( 8m R
(b) Join CF. The required inclination is ∠ACF.
In △ACF, In ),
( ) S
AF = DE = 16 cm tan ∠SQT =
( ) 3m
AF Q T
A ( ) ( )m
sin ∠ACF = =
AC A
16 cm
35 cm
( )
16 C
= F ∠SQT = ( ), cor. to 3 sig. fig.
35
∠ACF = 27.2°, cor. to 3 sig. fig. ∴ The inclination of QS is .
∴ The inclination of the scratch AC is 27.2°.
26
1. In the figure, BE is a path on a rectangular 2. The figure shows a paperweight in the shape of a
hillside ABFE. F is 10 m above the horizontal right triangular prism. PQRS, QUTR and PSTU are
plane ABCD. AEFB and EFCD are rectangles. rectangles. A straight line QS is marked on the face
BF = 12 m and ∠EBF = 50°. PQRS. QS = 25 cm, RT = 7 cm and ∠SQR = 38°.
E F P S
12 m 10 m 25 cm
D
50° C U
T
38° 7 cm
A B Q R
(a) Find the inclination of the hillside ABFE. (a) Find the inclination of the face PQRS.
(b) Find the inclination of the path BE. (b) Find the inclination of the line QS. Ex 10C: 5, 6
(a) The required inclination is ∠( ). (a)

In △( ), F
( )
sin ( )= ( )m ( )m
( )
Q
( ) ( )
R
(b) Join BD. The required
inclination is ∠( ).
In △( ),
B
(b)
Level Up Question

3. In the figure, ABCD represents a rectangular inclined plane. EDCF and ABFE are rectangles. AE = 9 m,
ED = 12 m, AB = 36 m and AC = 39 m. M is the mid-point of DC. Let P be a point on DC. Describe
how the inclination of AP decreases as P moves from M to C. B
36 m
39 m F C
A
9m M
E 12 m D
27
 5B Lesson Worksheet 10.3C (Refer to Book 5B P.10.35)
Objective: To apply the knowledge of trigonometry to solve problems in three dimensions involving bearings.
[In this worksheet, give the answers correct to 3 significant figures.]
A
Problems Involving Bearings Nα
If O is a point on a horizontal plane and B is the projection of A on the horizontal W B
E
O
plane, the bearing of A from O is the same as the bearing of B from O. S
horizontal plane

In the figure, B, C and D are points In the figure, Q, R and S are points P
A N
on the same horizontal ground. B is N on the same horizontal ground. R is
70 m N N
due north of C. D is due east of B. 56° due east of Q. S is due south of R. R
E Q E
B D
The angle of elevation of the top A The angle of elevation of the top P
80 m 26° 48° 25 m
of a vertical building AB from D is of a vertical flagpole PQ from S is
S
56°. If AB = 70 m and CD = 80 m, C 26°. If RS = 25 m and the bearing
If QS is found,
find the reduced bearing of D from If BD is found, of P from S is N48°W, find the PQ can be found
∠BCD can be by trigonometric
C. found. height of the flagpole. ratio.
In △ ABD, In △ (
 
Find BD first. ), Find QS first.
70 m ( )m
tan 56° = A cos 48° = Q R
BD ( )
70 70 m ( ) 48° 25 m
BD = m QS = m
tan 56° 56°
D ( ) S
B
= 47.216 m, cor. to 5 sig. fig.
=( ) m, cor. to 5 sig. fig.
In △ BCD,
B
47.216 m
D In △ ( ), P
BD
sin ∠BCD = ( ) 26°
CD 80 m tan 26° = Q( )m
S
( )m
47.216 C
= PQ = ( ) tan ( )m
80
∠BCD = 36.2°, cor. to 3 sig. fig. =( ) m, cor. to 3 sig. fig.
∴ The reduced bearing of D from C is N36.2°E. ∴ The height of the flagpole is .
1. In the figure, AB is a vertical lamp post. B, C In △ ( ) ,

and D are points on the same horizontal ground,
where BD = 12 m and CD = 5 m. B is due west
of C. D is due north of C. Find the reduced
bearing of A from D.
A N
E
12 m D
5m
B E
C
B
Ex 10C: 7−11
28
2. In the figure, PQ is a vertical tree. Q, R and S 3. In the figure, a balloon W is vertically above X. X,
are points on the same horizontal ground and Y and Z are points on the same horizontal ground.
QR = 18 m. R is due west of S. The bearings Y is due north of Z. YZ = 11 m and XZ = 10 m.
of P from R and S are N27°E and N50°W The distance between W and Y is 28 m. The
respectively. angle of elevation of W from Y is 54°.
P N
W 28 m
9m 54° Y
N
N 27° Q N 11 m
18 m 50° X
E 10 m
R S Z
(a) Find the distance between Q and S. (a) Find the distance between X and Y.
(b) Find the angle of elevation of P from S. (b) Find the whole circle bearing of W from Y.
(a) ∠QRS = ( )−( )=( ) (a)
18 m
(b)
(b)
Level Up Question

4. In the figure, AC and BE are two vertical towers with heights 14 m and B
22 m respectively. C, D and E are points on the same horizontal ground. 22 m
A
CD = 19 m and DE = 29 m. The bearings of A and B from D are N44°W 14 m E
and N21°E respectively. Find the angle of elevation of B from A. C N 21°
19 m 44° 29 m
E
D
29
 Consolidation Exercise 10C
Level 1
1. In the figure, AB represents a vertical pillar. B, C and D are three A
points on the same horizontal ground. The elevation of A from C is
B 35°
35°. If CD = 70 m, ∠BCD = 25° and ∠CBD = 125°, find the height 125° 25° C
of the pillar. 70 m
D
2. In the figure, A, B and C are three points on the same horizontal T

ground. A tree TC stands vertically on the ground. A gardener 23°
observes that the angle of depression of B from T is 23°. AB = 16 m, C
AC = 10 m and ∠BAC = 60°. B
60° 10 m
(a) Find the height of the tree. 16 m
(b) Using Heron’s formula, find the area of the triangle formed by A, A
B and C.
3. In the figure, AB is a vertical building. B, C and D are three points on A

the same horizontal ground. The angle of elevation of A from C is 50°.
BC = 90 m, ∠BDC = 66° and ∠CBD = 34°.
(a) Find the height of the building AB. D
66° 34° B
(b) Find the angle of elevation of A from D. 90 m
C 50°
4. The figure shows a firework display. Ships A, B and C are on the T 32°
C
same sea level. The fireworks explode at T, which is vertically above
A. The angle of elevation of T from C is 32°. AB = x m, AC = 2x m, B 120° 2x m
xm
BC = 170 m and ∠BAC = 120°. A
(a) Find the value of x.
(b) Find the angle of elevation of T from B.
5. In the figure, ABCD is a rectangular inclined plane. ABEF is the C D

horizontal plane. ABEF and CDEF are rectangles. F and E are the 15 cm
projections of C and D on the plane ABEF respectively. If AD = 22 F E
12 cm
cm, AF = 12 cm and BD = 15 cm, find the inclination of AD. A B
30
6. In the figure, ABFE is a rectangular hillside. ABCD and CDEF are E F
rectangles. E is 25 m above the horizontal plane ABCD. BF = 48 m 25 m 48 m
and ∠BAF = 35°. D 35° C
A B
(a) Find the inclination of the hillside.
(b) Find the inclination of the path AF.
7. In the figure, ABCD represents a rectangular inclined plane of D C

inclination 40°. ABFE is a rectangle on the horizontal plane. AB = 65 50 m
E F
m and BC = 50 m. 40°
A 65 m B
(a) Find the height of D above the horizontal plane.
(b) Find the inclination of the path BD.
8. In the figure, P, Q and R are three points on the same horizontal plane. T
Q is due east of P and R is due south of P. The angle of elevation of N
85 m
the top of a vertical building QT from P is 40°. If QR = 120 m and 40°
E
P Q
QT = 85 m, find the bearing of Q from R.
120 m
9. In the figure, HA is a building. A, B and C lie on the same horizontal H

N
ground, where C is 120 m due east of A and ∠ABC = 50°. The angle N
of elevation of the top H of the building from B is 28° and BH = 128 120 m
A E
m. C
128 m
(a) Find the reduced bearing of B from C. 28°
50°
(b) Find the area of the triangle formed by A, B and C.
B
10. In the figure, P, Q and R are three points on the same horizontal plane.
Q is due west of P and R is due south of P. A hot air balloon T is
T
vertically above P and its height PT is 160 m. The angles of elevation 160 m
N
of T from Q and R are 35° and 30° respectively. 35°
Q E
(a) Find the distance between Q and R. P
(b) Find the whole circle bearing of Q from R. 30°
11. In the figure, A, B and C are three points on the same horizontal plane. T
C is 20 m due east of A. A tree AT of height 12 m stands vertically on 12 m
A
the ground. The angle of elevation of T from B is 18° and BC = 45 m. 20 m N
18°
(a) Find the bearing of B from C.
(b) Find the area of the triangle formed by A, B and C. C E
45 m
B
31
12. In the figure, TA is vertical tower of height 18 m. A, B and C are three T
points on the same horizontal plane. C is due south of A. The angles N
18 m
of elevation of T from B and C are 37° and 32° respectively. The
37° A E
bearing of B from A is S69°W. B 69°
(a) Find the distance between B and C.
32°
(b) Find the bearing of C from B.
C
Level 2
13. In the figure, a piece of rectangular paper cardboard ABCD is hung V
from a point V by four strings of the same length. The total length of
D
the strings is 36 cm. The angle between the string VB and the side AB C
is 65°. The angle between the string VB and the side BC is 55°. Find A 55°
65°
the height of V above the cardboard.
B
14. In the figure, ABC is a triangular grassland. D is the mid-point of BC. T

TE is a vertical tower equidistant from A, B and C. A, B, C, D and E
A
lie on the same horizontal plane. AED is a straight line. The distance
B
between B and C is 60 m. The angle of elevation of T from D is 56°. 56° E
AD ⊥ BC and ∠BCE = 60°. D
60 m 60°
(a) Find the height of the tower.
(b) Find the angle of depression of A from T. C
(c) Find the distance between A and B.
15. In the figure, PA is a vertical pillar. AB, BC and AC are three straight P
paths, where ∠BAC = 57°. A, B and C lie on the same horizontal
plane. The angles of elevation of P from B and C are 28° and 35°
A
respectively. The length of the path AB is 65 m. 28° 57°
65 m
(a) Find the length of the path BC. B 35°
(b) D is a point on BC such that BD : CD = 3 : 5.
C
(i) Find the distance between A and D.
(ii) Find the angle of elevation of P from D.
16. In the figure, A, B and C lie on the same horizontal ground, where T
AC = 70 m and ∠ACB = 35°. D is a point on AB such that BD = 38 m.
T is a kite vertically above A. The angles of elevation of T from B and A
70 m 27°
D are 27° and 39° respectively. 39°
C 35°
D
(a) Find the height of the kite above the ground.
B
(b) Find the angle of elevation of T from C.
(c) Another kite P is vertically above B. If the elevation of P from C
is greater than the angle obtained in (b), is the height of P above
the ground greater than 110 m? Explain your answer.
32
17. In the figure, ABCD is a rectangular inclined plane, where AB = 36 m X
and BC = 26 m. ABEF is the horizontal plane. E and F are the projections C Y D
of C and D on the plane ABEF respectively. XY is a flagpole vertically 26 m 53° 32°
E
erected on CD. Z is the projection of Y on the plane ABEF. The angle of F
Z
14 m
elevation of X from B is 53°. AF = 14 m and ∠DAY = 32°. B 36 m A
(a) Find the inclinations of AY and BY.
(b) Find the height of the flagpole.
(c) Find the angle of elevation of X from A.
(d) Let P be a point on DY. Describe how the inclination of AP
varies as P moves from Y to D. Explain your answer.
18. In the figure, ABCD is a rectangular inclined plane. ABFE is the 66 m

D M C
horizontal plane. M is a point on CD. N is the projection of M on the
plane ABEF. O is a point on AB. The inclination of the path BM is 24°. N F 35 m
E
BC = 35 m, CD = 66 m, ∠BNO = 90° and ∠CBM = 46°. 24° 46°
(a) Find the inclination of BC. B
AO
(b) Find the distance between O and B.
(c) Find ∠OMB.
(d) Peter runs straight from A to O and then straight from O to M at a
constant speed of 5 m/s. Jason runs straight from B to M at a
constant speed of 8 m/s. If they start running at the same time,
who will arrive at M first? Explain your answer.
19. In the figure, TE is a vertical tower of height 16 m. ABXW is the T

16 m
horizontal ground. The inclinations of the rectangular inclined planes E D
ABCF and CDEF are 31° and 53° respectively. AB = 90 m, AF = 55 m 53°
80 m
and EF = 80 m. Z
F C
(a) Find the height of D above the horizontal ground. X
55 m W
(b) Find the angle of elevation of T from B. Y
A
(c) Let N be a point on FC such that the angle of elevation of T from 90 m B 31°
N is the same as the angle of elevation of T from B. Which point,

F or C, is nearer to N? Explain your answer.
20. In the figure, C, X and Y are three points on the horizontal plane. The
bearings of X and Y from C are N67°W and S78°W respectively. A B
A
and B are two helicopters vertically above X and Y respectively. The 70 m
67°
distance between B and Y is 72 m. The angle of elevation of B from C 72 m N
X
is 38°. AC = 70 m and CX = 50 m. 50 m
38° E
C
(a) Find the distance between X and Y. 78°
Y
(b) Find the bearing of B from A.
(c) Find the angle of elevation of B from A.
33
21. In the figure, P is a satellite vertically above A. A, B and C are three points on the same horizontal
plane. Ship S leaves B at 1:00 p.m. It sails at a speed of 35 km/h in the direction 210° and arrives at C
at 7:00 p.m. The bearing of B from A is 055°. The angle of elevation of P from B is 29° and BP =
180 km.
P N
180 km
B
N 29°
55° 210°
A
S
C
(a) Find the bearing of A from C.
(b) Let α ° be the angle of elevation of P from ship S.
(i) Find the value of α when S is at C.
(ii) Wilson claims that the maximum value of α occurs before 5:00 p.m. Do you agree? Explain
your answer and find the maximum value of α.
22. In the figure, a triangular metal plate ABC is perpendicular to the horizontal ground and B is due south
of A. ∠ABC is an obtuse angle. D is the projection of C on the horizontal ground. Under the light ray
of a torch, the shadow of △ABC on the horizontal ground is △ABF. The area of the shadow ABF is
200 cm2. AC = 40 cm, AF = 65 cm, ∠ACB = 24° and ∠BAF = 18°.
light ray
C
40 cm 24°
A B
N
D
18° 65 cm
F
(a) Find the height of C above the horizontal ground.
(b) Find the angle of elevation of C from F.
(c) Find the reduced bearing of the torch from F.
(d) The torch is turned such that the distance between C and F keeps unchanged. Can the area of the
shadow exceed 345 cm2? Explain your answer.
34
23. In Fig. I, ABC is a triangular paper card. D is a point lying on AB such that CD is perpendicular to AB.
It is given that AC = 10 cm, ∠CBD = 60° and ∠CAD = 45°. The paper card is folded along CD such
that △ACD lies on the horizontal plane as shown in Fig. II.
C C
B
10 cm
45° 60° A
A B D
D
Fig. I Fig. II
(a) Find the lengths of AD and BD.
(b) Refer to Fig. II.
(i) If the distance between A and B is 6 cm, find the angle between the plane BCD and the
horizontal plane.
(ii) Describe how the volume of the tetrahedron ABCD varies when ∠ADB decreases from 100°
to 50°. Explain your answer.
(iii) Suppose the distance between A and B is fixed. Let P be a movable point on CD. If P moves
from C to D, does the inclination of BP increase or decrease? Explain your answer.
24. Fig. I shows a piece of pentagonal paper card ABCDE, where AB = AE = 20 cm, BC = DE = 10 cm
and ∠ABC = ∠AED = 75°.
A
20 cm
B 75° E
10 cmC D
Fig. I
(a) Suppose that 8 cm ≤ CD ≤ 30 cm.

(i) Find the length of AC.
(ii) Describe how the area of the paper card varies when CD increases from 8 cm to 30 cm.
(b) The paper card is folded along AC and AD such that AB and AE join together to form a pyramid
as shown in Fig. II. In Fig. II, AC and AD lie on the horizontal ground. Suppose that CD = 11 cm.
A B, E
C
Fig. II
(i) Find the height of the pyramid from the vertex B to the base △ACD.
(ii) Find the angle between the plane ABC and the horizontal ground.
35
* 25. Fig. I shows a piece of triangular paper card ABC, where AB = 36 cm and AC = 22 cm. D and E are
points on AB such that AD = BE = DE and CE ⊥ AC. F is a point on AC such that DF ⊥ AC. The
paper card is folded along EC and DF such that AF and CF lie on the horizontal ground as shown in
Fig. II.
E B
B
36 cm E D
D C G
F
A C 40°
F 68° A
22 cm
Fig. I Fig. II
(a) Refer to Fig. I.

(i) Find the length of BC.
(ii) Find ∠ABC.
(b) Refer to Fig. II. G is the projection of B on the horizontal ground. It is given that ∠AFC = 68°
and ∠AGC = 40°.
(i) Find the distance between A and G on the horizontal ground.
(ii) Find the angle between the planes BCE and CEDF.
(iii) The location of the plane BCE is adjusted by folding along EC so that the distance between
A and B is the shortest. The locations of the planes AFD and CEDF keep unchanged. Then, a
straight thin string with end points A and B is used to fix the paper card. Is the length of the
string greater than 15 cm? Explain your answer.
36
Answers
Consolidation Exercise 10C
1. 29.9 m 17. (a) AY: 45.6°, BY: 42.1°
2. (a) 5.94 m (b) 10.2 m
(b) 69.3 m2 (c) 56.3°
3. (a) 107 m 18. (a) 35.8°
(b) 47.9° (b) 58.5 m
4. (a) 64.3 (c) 78.4°
(b) 51.3° (d) Jason
5. 24.1° 19. (a) 92.2 m
6. (a) 31.4° (b) 39.5°
(b) 17.4° (c) C
7. (a) 32.1 m 20. (a) 58.7 m
(b) 23.1° (b) S48.7°W
8. N57.6°E or 057.6° (c) 21.4°
9. (a) S43.8°W 21. (a) 345°
(b) 6 740 m2 (b) (i) 42.7
10. (a) 359 m (ii) no, 52.7
(b) 320° 22. (a) 20.5 cm
11. (a) S36.1°W or 216° (b) 31.0°
(b) 364 m2 (c) N36.2°E
12. (a) 30.1 m (d) no
(b) S47.8°E or 132° 23. (a) AD = 7.07 cm, BD = 4.08 cm
13. 6.32 cm (b) (i) 57.9°
14. (a) 77.0 m (iii) increases
(b) 52.1° 24. (a) (i) 19.9 cm
(c) 116 m (b) (i) 8.30 cm
15. (a) 56.3 m (ii) 58.8°
(b) (i) 53.0 m 25. (a) (i) 18.1 cm
(ii) 33.1° (ii) 29.0°
16. (a) 52.2 m (b) (i) 18.5 cm
(b) 36.7° (ii) 161°
(c) yes (iii) no
37
F5B: Chapter 11A
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11A Multiple Choice
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39
Objective: To review stem-and-leaf diagram, representation of continuous data, cumulative frequency and
measures of central tendency.
(a) A stem-and-leaf diagram is a statistical diagram which can show each datum in a diagrammatic way.
(b) Continuous data can be organized into a frequency distribution table. Then a histogram and a
frequency polygon/curve can be drawn.
(c) A cumulative frequency table can be constructed from a frequency distribution table. Then a
cumulative frequency polygon/curve can be drawn.
(d) A measure of central tendency of a set of data is a value which shows the centre of the distribution
of the data. Three commonly used measures of central tendency are mean, median and mode.
1. The following are the heights (in cm) of 20 students. Review Ex: 1, 4
151 150 152 162 165 168 159 153 156 165
158 168 163 152 168 169 157 153 164 167
(a) Complete the following table. Heights of 20 students
8
Height Class Class
Frequency
(cm) boundaries (cm) mark (cm) 6
Frequency
150−154 149.5−154.5
4
155−159
2
0
147 152 157 162 167 172
(b) Draw the corresponding frequency polygon. Height (cm)
(c) Using the table in (a), find the mean and the modal class of the heights of the students.
Find the mean, the median and the mode of each of the following sets of data. [Nos. 2–3]
2. 4, 6, 6, 9, 10, 15, 15, 15 3. 7, 9, 18, 5, 9, 11, 18 Review Ex: 2
Arrange the data in

ascending order to
find the median.
4. The six numbers 2, 4, 5, x, 12, 14 are arranged in ascending order. The median of these six numbers is 8.
(a) Find the value of x. (b) Find the mean of these six numbers.
40
5. The cumulative frequency polygon shows the time (in min) Time taken to finish a 10 km
race by 30 athletes
taken by 30 athletes to finish a 10 km race. 30
Cumulative frequency
(a) Find the median of the time taken by the athletes.
20
(b) Find the percentage of the athletes who take less than
33.5 minutes to finish the race. 10
0
23.5 28.5 33.5 38.5 43.5
Time (min)
Review Ex: 3
6. The stem-and-leaf diagram shows the prices (in $) of 10 different lunch Stem ($10) Leaf ($1)
sets in a restaurant, where k is a positive integer. 3 117
(a) Find the number of lunch sets with prices more than $40. 4 06k99
(b) If the median of the prices of the lunch sets is greater than $47, 5 24
how many possible values of k are there? Explain your answer.
Review Ex: 5
Level Up Question

7. The frequency distribution table and the cumulative frequency table show the scores of students in an
examination, where m and n are integers.
Score Frequency Score less than Cumulative frequency
41−50 5 40.5 0
51−60 10 50.5 5
61−70 m 60.5 15
71−80 12 70.5 33
80.5 n
(a) Find the values of m and n.

(b) A datum of 62 is removed from the above data. Does the mean decrease? Explain your answer.
41
5B Lesson Worksheet 11.2A (Refer to Book 5B P.11.7)
Objective: To find the range of ungrouped and grouped data.
Range
(a) For ungrouped data: Range = largest datum − smallest datum
upper class boundary lower class boundary
(b) For grouped data: Range = −
of the last class interval of the first class interval
Find the range of each of the following sets of data. [Nos. 1–2] Ex 11A: 1, 2
1. 2, 3, 8, 17, 25 2. 10, 8, 4, 13, 32, 17, 15 Arrange the data in
ascending order.
Range = ( )−( ) Largest datum =
= Smallest datum = Largest datum =
Smallest datum =

The table shows the ages of 30 staff in a company. The table shows the scores of 40 students in a test.
Age 21−30 31−40 41−50 51−60 Score 36−40 41−45 46−50 51−55
Number of Number of
2 9 13 6 4 17 14 5
staff students
Find the range of the ages of the staff. Find the range of the scores of the students.
Upper class boundary of the last class interval Upper class boundary of the last class interval
= 60.5 =( )
Lower class boundary of the first class interval Lower class boundary of the first class interval
= 20.5 =( )
∴ Range = 60.5 − 20.5 ∴ Range = ( )−( )
= 40 =
3. The table shows the time (in h) spent by 4. The table shows the monthly incomes of
25 students on studying every week. 45 families.
Time (h) 8−11 12−15 16−19 20−23 Monthly 9 000− 12 000− 15 000−
Number of income ($) 11 000 14 000 17 000
3 6 11 5 Number of
students 6 22 17
families
Find the range of the time spent by the students
Find the range of the monthly incomes of the
on studying every week.
families. Ex 11A: 3, 4
Upper class boundary of the last class interval
=( )h
Lower class boundary of the first class interval
=( )h
42
The following are the shot put results of Kate in The following are the scores of Gary in 6 quizzes.
5 trials. 24, 22, 23, 25, 28, 27
8.54 m, 8.97 m, 9.66 m, 7.51 m, 8.32 m (a) Find the range of the scores of Gary.
(a) Find the range of the results of Kate. (b) If the range of the scores of Judy in the 6 quizzes
(b) If the range of the shot put results of Helen is is 9, who has a more consistent performance?
1.84 m, who has a larger dispersion in the Explain your answer.
results? Explain your answer.
(a) Range of the scores
(a) Range of the results =( )−( )
= (9.66 − 7.51) m =
= 2.15 m (b) ∵ The range of the scores of Gary is
(b) ∵ The range of the results of Kate is larger ( ) than that of Judy.
than that of Helen. ∴ ( ) has a more consistent
∴ Kate has a larger dispersion in the results. performance.
5. The following are the time (in s) taken by Joe 6. The following are the highest temperatures (in °C)
and Sam to finish a 100 m race in 5 trials. of city A and city B in 6 days.
Joe: 12.5, 13.2, 13.5, 12.7, 12.2 City A: 25, 27, 23, 26, 27, 26
Sam: 14.3, 13.3, 13.4, 14.1, 14.2 City B: 30, 31, 32, 32, 31, 32
Who has a more consistent performance? Which city has a smaller dispersion in the highest
Explain your answer. temperatures? Explain your answer. Ex 11A: 13
Range of the time taken by Joe

= [( )−( )] s
=( )s
Level Up Question

7. The stem-and-leaf diagram shows the weights (in kg) of 15 boxes, where x is an integer. The range of
the weights of the boxes is less than 30 kg. Vincent claims that the value of x can only be 4. Do you
agree? Explain your answer.
Stem (10 kg) Leaf (1 kg)
6 59
7 01668
8 34457
9 23x
43
5B Lesson Worksheet 11.2B (Refer to Book 5B P.11.10)
Objective: To find the inter-quartile range of ungrouped and grouped data.
Inter-quartile Range
For ungrouped data: Inter-quartile range = 3rd quartile (Q3) − 1st quartile (Q1)

Find the inter-quartile range of each of the following Find the inter-quartile range of each of the following
sets of data. sets of data.
(a) 4, 6, 7, 10, 15, 17 (a) 2, 4, 9, 10, 11, 16, 20
(b) 3, 5, 9, 12, 13, 16, 18, 19 (b) 9, 13, 17, 17, 18, 21, 23, 29, 31
(a) Q1 = 6 Lower half Upper half (a) Q1 = ( ) Lower half Upper half
Q3 = 15 Q3 = ( )
∴ ∴
4, 6, 7, 10, 15, 17 2, 4, 9, 10, 11, 16, 20
Inter-quartile range Inter-quartile range
Q1 Q2 Q3
= 15 − 6 =( )−( )
=9 =
5+9 ( )+( )
(b) Q1 = =7 Lower half Upper half (b) Q1 = =( )
2 2
16 + 18 3, 5, 9, 12, 13, 16, 18, 19 ( )+( )
Q3 = = 17 Q3 = =( )
2 2
∴ Inter-quartile range
Q1 Q2 Q3
∴ Inter-quartile range Lower half Upper half
= 17 − 7 =( )−( ) 9, 13, 17, 17, 18, 21, 23, 29, 31
= 10 =
Find the inter-quartile range of each of the following sets of data. [Nos. 1–4] Ex 11A: 5, 6
1. 7, 9, 12, 15, 24, 24, 28 2. 2 m, 5 m, 6 m, 8 m, 8 m, 10 m, 13 m, 15 m, 16 m
Q1 = ( )
Q3 = ( )
3. −5, 2, −3, 4, 12, 14, 15, 5 4. 4 g, 9 g, 14 g, 18 g, 17 g, 11 g, 22 g, 6 g, 13 g, 5 g
Arrange the data in ascending order.
( )+( )
Q1 = =( )
2
44
Daily rainfall of a city in February Average cycling speeds of 20 athletes
in a cycling competition
30
20
Cumulative
frequency
20
10
10
0
20 25 30 35 40
0 Speed (km/h)
6.5 11.5 16.5 21.5 26.5 31.5
Daily rainfall (mm) The cumulative frequency curve shows the average
The cumulative frequency polygon shows the daily cycling speeds (in km/h) of 20 athletes in a cycling
rainfall (in mm) of a city in February. Find the inter- competition. Find the inter-quartile range of the
n
quartile range of the daily rainfall of the city in average cycling speeds. 3
Cumulative
frequency
n×
February. 4
Inter-quartile range 1
n×
4
Inter-quartile range = (27 − 12.5) mm = [( )−( )] km/h 0 Q1 Q3
= 14.5 mm = Inter-quartile range
5. The cumulative frequency polygons show the selling Selling prices of 40 items in shops X and Y
prices (in $) of 40 items in shops X and Y. Shop X
40
(a) Find the inter-quartile range of the selling

Shop Y
prices of the items in each shop. 30
(b) Determine which shop has a smaller dispersion

20
in the selling prices. Explain your answer.
Ex 11A: 8, 9 10
(a) For shop X,
inter-quartile range = $[( )−( )] 0
= 30.5 40.5 50.5 60.5 70.5 80.5
Selling price ($)
(b) ∵ The ( ) of the selling prices in ( ) is ( ) than that in ( ).

∴
Level Up Question

6. The stem-and-leaf diagram shows the working hours (in h) of 16 employees Stem (10 h) Leaf (1 h)
in a week, where m is an integer. If the inter-quartile range of the working 3 79
hours is 17 h, find the value of m. 4 1138
5 24577m
6 0124
45
11 Measures of Dispersion
Level 1
Find the range of each of the following sets of data. [Nos. 1–2]
1. (a) 4, 6, 9, 12, 14, 17
(b) −13, −9, −7, −6, −4, −3, −2
(c) −3, 0, 2, 3, 5, 7, 13, 19
(d) 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 13, 17, 18.5, 97
2. (a) 18, 2, 5, 23, 4, 7, 1

(b) 0, 1, 23, −6, 17, −2, 32, 3
(c) 12, 25, 13, 15, 23, 11, 24, 18, 20
(d) 34, 47, 28, 52, 25, 38, 56, 47, 26, 52
3. The table shows the scores of 24 students in an examination.

Score 51−60 61−70 71−80 81−90
Number of students 7 12 4 1
Find the range of the scores of the students.
4. The table shows the lengths (in cm) of 20 pencils.

Length (cm) 9.1−9.5 9.6−10.0 10.1−10.5 10.6−11.0
Number of pencils 3 6 7 4
Find the range of the lengths of the pencils.
5. The histogram shows the high jump results (in m) of 25 athletes. Find the range of the high jump
results of the athletes.
High jump results of 25 athletes
10
Number of athletes
0
1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8
Height (m)
46
Find the inter-quartile range of each of the following sets of data. [Nos. 6–7]
6. (a) 3, 9, 12, 15, 21, 28
(b) −4, 0, 5, 8, 12, 17, 21
(c) 12, 17, 23, 29, 33, 38, 40, 43
(d) 16, 18, 20, 23, 29, 30, 32, 34, 37
7. (a) 23, 17, 22, 19, 6, 14

(b) 13, 24, 18, 17, 20, 9, 29
(c) 35 m, 13 m, 28 m, 42 m, 21 m, 19 m, 8 m, 30 m
(d) 5.3 L, 3.9 L, 3.1 L, 8 L, 9 L, 5.6 L, 7 L, 2.8 L, 9.3 L
8. The following shows the typing speeds (in words/min) of 10 clerks.

37, 63, 38, 27, 42, 53, 41, 35, 51, 26
(a) Find the range of the typing speeds of the clerks.
(b) Find the inter-quartile range of the typing speeds of the clerks.
9. The cumulative frequency polygon shows the numbers Numbers of working hours of a
group of chefs in a week
of working hours of a group of chefs in a week.
(a) How many chefs are there in the group? 80
(b) (i) Find the 1st quartile and the 3rd quartile of
60
the numbers of working hours of the chefs in
a week. 40
(ii) Find the inter-quartile range of the numbers
20
of working hours of the chefs in a week.
0
45 50 55 60 65
Number of working hours
10. The cumulative frequency curve shows the amounts of Amounts of money spent by 60 women
on clothes in last three months
money (in $) spent by 60 women on clothes in last
three months. 60
(a) Find the range of the amounts of money spent by

50
the women on clothes in last three months.

(b) Find the inter-quartile range of the amounts of 40
money spent by the women on clothes in last three
30
months.
20
10
0
400 600 800 1 000 1 200
Amount of money ($)
47
11. The stem-and-leaf diagram shows the heights (in m) of Stem (10 m) Leaf (1 m)
20 buildings. Find the range, the median and the inter- 1 7 8 9
quartile range of the heights of the 20 buildings. 2 3 4 6 6 8
3 2 2 3 4 6 7
4 1 1 3 7
5 5 8
12. A machine is used to record the speed (in km/h) of a Stem (10 km/h) Leaf (1 km/h)
vehicle when the vehicle passes through a checkpoint. 5 1 2 8
The stem-and-leaf diagram shows the records of 6 2 4 4 7 8
17 vehicles. 7 a 0 3 5 7
(a) Find the value of a. 8 3 5 5
(b) Find the range, the median and the inter-quartile 9 1
range of the 17 records.
Level 2
13. The bar chart shows the ages of 18 members in a dance Ages of 18 members in a dance
group
group. Find the range, the median and the inter-quartile
Number of members
range of the ages of the members in the dance group. 5

4
3
2
1
0
12 13 14 15 16
Age
14. The table shows the numbers of awards received by 15 boy scouts in a ceremony.
Number of awards 0 1 2 3
Number of boy scouts 3 4 a 2
(a) Find the value of a.
(b) Find the median and the inter-quartile range of the numbers of awards received by the boy scouts.
15. The table shows the distribution of the numbers of gift coupons bought by a group of customers in a
certain month. It is given that a and b are positive numbers.
Number of gift coupons 1 2 3 4 5
Number of customers a 10 4 9 b
(a) Find the least possible value and the greatest possible value of the inter-quartile range of the
distribution.
(b) Suppose a = 1 and b = 8. It is known that the number of gift coupons bought by one of the
customers is wrongly recorded and the record should be 7. After the record is corrected, how
many possible values of the range of the distribution are there? Explain your answer.
48
16. The following shows the time taken by Jacky and Minnie to complete a 400 m race in 8 trials.
Jacky: 66 s, 68 s, 64 s, 67s, 66 s, 62 s, 69 s, 68 s
Minnie: 70 s, 72 s, 69 s, 70 s, 71 s, 73 s, 69 s, 72 s
(a) Find the range of the time taken by each of Jacky and Minnie to complete a 400 m race.
(b) Who has a smaller dispersion in the time taken to complete a 400 m race? Use the results of (a)
to explain your answer.
17. The following shows the numbers of sit-ups done by 9 candidates from each group in a fitness test.
Group A: 26, 42, 50, 33, 46, 29, 34, 38, 41
Group B: 43, 45, 53, 48, 35, 52, 48, 37, 39
(a) Find the inter-quartile range of the numbers of sit-ups done by the candidates from each group.
(b) Which one of the above distributions of the numbers of sit-ups done is less consistent? Use the
results of (a) to explain your answer.
18. The cumulative frequency polygons show the Average time spent by two groups of
students on playing TV games
average time (in min) spent by two groups of
every day
students, A and B, on playing TV games every day. Cumulative frequency
(a) Find the inter-quartile range of the average 40
time spent by each group of students on Group A Group B
30
playing TV games every day.
20
(b) Which group has a smaller dispersion in the
average time spent on playing TV games 10
every day? Use the results of (a) to explain 0

50 60 70 80 90 100
your answer.
Time (min)
19. The cumulative frequency curves show the Heights of models from
two model agencies
heights (in cm) of models from two model agencies.
(a) Find the inter-quartile range of the heights of 60
the models from each agency. Agency B
50 Agency A
(b) Which agency has a smaller dispersion in the
heights of the models? Use the results of (a) 40
to explain your answer. 30

(c) Can we use range to compare the dispersions
20
of the models from the two agencies? Explain
10
your answer.
0
160 165 170 175 180 185
Height (cm)
20. If the mean of the six numbers 4, 7, 9, 9, 10 and x is 7.5, find the range and the inter-quartile range of
the six numbers.
49
21. If the mode of the seven numbers 5, 6, 8, 11, 12, m and n is 3, find the range and the inter-quartile
range of the seven numbers.
22. Marco goes to school by bus. The stem-and-leaf diagram Stem (10 min) Leaf (1 min)
shows the waiting time (in min) for a bus in 10 school 0 3 4 6 9
days. 1 2 3 3 5 6
(a) Find the median and the inter-quartile range of the 2 a
waiting time for a bus.
(b) If the range of the waiting time for a bus is twice the
inter-quartile range of the waiting time for a bus,
find the value of a.
23. The stem-and-leaf diagram shows the weights (in g) of Stem (10 g) Leaf (1 g)
16 pears. The inter-quartile range of the weights of the 14 8
pears is 15.5 g. 15 2 3 a 6 6
(a) Find the value of a. 16 0 c 5 7 7 9
(b) If the range of the weights of the pears is 32 g, find 17 3 4 7
the value of b. 18 b
(c) If the median of the weights of the pears is 164.5 g,
find the value of c.
24. The following set of data is arranged in ascending order, where x is a positive integer.
x − 2, x, x + 1, 2x + 2, 2x + 3, 3x + 4, 4x + 6
(a) Express the inter-quartile range of the set of data in terms of x.
(b) Is the inter-quartile range found in (a) an even number? Explain your answer.
(c) If the range of the set of data is 20, find the value of x.
25. The following set of data is arranged in ascending order, where x and y are positive integers.
0, x + 1, x + 3, x + 4, x + 5, 2x + 5, 2x + 7, 10x + y
If the range and the inter-quartile range of the set of data are 15 and 5 respectively, find the mean and
the median of the set of data.
26. The weights (in kg) of eight players in a basketball team are shown below:
67 69 71 72 63 83 75 76
(a) Find the mean, the range and the inter-quartile range of the weights of the eight players.
(b) The weights of another four players are combined with the above data to form a set of twelve
data. The mean of the twelve data is the same as the mean obtained in (a). The weights of two
newly-added players are 80 kg and 83 kg.
(i) Find the total weight of the remaining two newly-added players.
(ii) Is it possible that the range of the weights of the twelve players is the same as the range
obtained in (a)? Explain your answer.
50
27. 20 teenagers participate in a reading programme. The table shows the numbers of books read by the
20 teenagers during the programme.
Number of books 2 3 4 5 6
Number of teenagers 4 8 3 4 1
(a) Find the mean, the median, the range and the inter-quartile range of the numbers of books read by
the teenagers during the programme.
(b) Two more teenagers join the programme. After the inclusion of 2 more data, the mean of the
numbers of books read by the teenagers does not change and the range is increased by 1. Find the
number of books read by each of these two teenagers.
* 28. The following are the scores of 10 students of class A in an experiment.

90 75 62 80 71 74 85 68 77 83
(a) Find the range and the inter-quartile of the scores of the 10 students of class A.
(b) The stem-and-leaf diagram shows the scores of 10 students of Stem (10) Leaf (1)
class B in the same experiment. It is given that the range of the 5 a 6
scores of class B is the same as that of class A. 6 0 2 8
(i) Find all the possible values of the integers a and b. 7 1 6 c
8 3 b
(ii) By considering the inter-quartile ranges of the scores of the
two classes, determine which class has a smaller dispersion
in the scores. Explain your answer.
(iii) A student is randomly chosen from each class. Find the
probability that the difference of the scores of the two
students chosen is greater than 30.
* 29. A survey on the levels of happiness is conducted in cities A and B. Some people in the two cities are
interviewed. Each interviewee is asked to give a rating (from 0 to 100) to describe how happy he/she
was in the past 6 months. A larger number indicates more happiness. The back-to-back stem-and-leaf
diagram shows the distributions of the ratings, where p, q, r and s are integers.
City A City B
Leaf (1) Stem (10) Leaf (1)
7 2 5 0 1 5
9 9 8 5 3 1 0 6 0 2 3 3 4 6 p
8 8 7 6 6 3 1 7 q 5
9 5 4 8 0 0 r s 4 6
1 9 2 4
(a) Find the range, the median and the inter-quartile range of the ratings in city A.
(b) It is given the inter-quartile range of the ratings in city A is less than that in city B by 7.
(i) Find the values of r and s.
(ii) Someone claims that the median of the ratings in city B can be greater than that in city A. Do
you agree? Explain your answer.
 (iii) Suppose the medians of the ratings in cities A and B are the same. 5 interviewees are randomly
chosen from all the interviewees in the two cities. Find the probability that all the interviewees
chosen come from the same city and their ratings are all below 84.
51
Answers
1. (a) 13 16. (a) Jacky: 7 s, Minnie: 4 s
(b) 11 (b) Minnie
(c) 22 17. (a) A: 13, B: 12
(d) 93 (b) A
2. (a) 22 18. (a) A: 12 min, B: 14 min
(b) 38 (b) A
(c) 14 19. (a) A: 10.5 cm, B: 5 cm
(d) 31 (b) B
3. 40 (c) no
4. 2 cm 20. range = 6, inter-quartile range = 3
5. 0.4 m 21. range = 9, inter-quartile range = 8
6. (a) 12 22. (a) median = 12.5 min,
(b) 17 inter-quartile range = 9 min
(c) 19 (b) 1
(d) 14 23. (a) 5
7. (a) 8 (b) 0
(b) 11 (c) 4
(c) 16.5 m 24. (a) 2x + 4
(d) 5 L (b) yes
8. (a) 37 words/min (c) 4
(b) 16 words/min 25. mean = 6, median = 5.5
9. (a) 80 26. (a) mean = 72 kg, range = 20 kg,
(b) (i) 1st quartile = 50, 3rd quartile = 55 inter-quartile range = 7.5 kg
(ii) 5 (b) (i) 125 kg
10. (a) $800 (ii) no
(b) $220 27. (a) mean = 3.5, median = 3, range = 4,
11. range = 41 m, median = 32.5 m, inter-quartile range = 1.5
inter-quartile range = 16 m (b) 1, 6
12. (a) 0 28. (a) range = 28, inter-quartile range = 12
(b) range = 40 km/h, median = 70 km/h, (b) (i) a = 5, b = 3; a = 6, b = 4
inter-quartile range = 17 km/h (ii) A
13. range = 4, median = 13.5, 1
(iii)
inter-quartile range = 2 50
29. (a) range = 39, median = 72,
14. (a) 6
inter-quartile range = 14
(b) median = 2, inter-quartile range = 1
(b) (i) r = 3, s = 4
15. (a) least possible value = 0,
(ii) no
greatest possible value = 4
63
(b) 2 (iii)
5 624
52
F5B: Chapter 11B
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53
Objective: To draw and interpret box-and-whisker diagram, and use it to compare the distributions of
different sets of data.
Box-and-whisker Diagrams
25% 25% 25% 25%
A box-and-whisker diagram (or box plot) is a statistical diagram
used for showing the smallest datum, the 1st quartile, the median,
the 3rd quartile and the largest datum of a set of data. smallest median largest
datum 1st quartile
3rd quartile datum

Consider the data 5, 9, 11, 12, 15, 20, 23, 27, 30. The following are the lengths (in cm) of 6 pencils.
(a) Find the 1st quartile, the median and the 3rd 9, 11, 12, 13, 13, 13.5
quartile of the set of data. (a) Find the 1st quartile, the median and the 3rd
(b) Draw a box-and-whisker diagram to represent quartile of the lengths of the pencils.
the data. (b) Draw a box-and-whisker diagram to represent
9 + 11 the data.
(a) 1st quartile = = 10
2 (a) 1st quartile = ( ) cm
Median = 15 ( )+( )
23 + 27 Median = cm =
3rd quartile = = 25 2
2 3rd quartile =
(b)
(b)
5 10 15 20 25 30 9 10 11 12 13 14
Length (cm)
1. Consider the data 2, 7, 9, 9, 13, 15, 17, 18. 2. The following are the hourly wages (in $) of
(a) Find the 1st quartile, the median and the 10 workers.
3rd quartile of the set of data. 36, 37, 38, 40, 44, 46, 48, 48, 51, 53
(b) Draw a box-and-whisker diagram to (a) Find the 1st quartile, the median and the 3rd
represent the data. quartile of the set of data.
( )+( ) (b) Draw a box-and-whisker diagram to represent

(a) 1st quartile = =
2 the data. Ex 11B: 2−4
Median =
3rd quartile =
(b)
0 5 10 15 20
54
In the box-and-whisker diagram, find the median, In the box-and-whisker diagram, find the median,
the range and the inter-quartile range. the range and the inter-quartile range.
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Capacity (L)
Median = 16
Inter-quartile range
Median = ( )L
Largest datum = 24
Largest datum = ( )
Smallest datum = 12
∴
Smallest datum = ( )
Range = 24 − 12 = 12 Range
∴ Range = [( )−( )] ( )=
Q1 = 14
Q1 = ( )
Q3 = 20
∴
Q3 = ( )
Inter-quartile range = 20 − 14 = 6
∴ Inter-quartile range = [( ) − ( )] ( ) =
In each of the following box-and-whisker diagrams, find the median, the range and the inter-quartile range.
[Nos. 3–4] Ex 11B: 5−8
3. 4.
40 50 60 70 80 90 10 15 20 25 30
Weight (kg)
Median =
Largest datum = ( )
Smallest datum = ( )
Level Up Question

5. The box-and-whisker diagrams show the time taken (in min) by Group A
two groups of students to finish a typing test. The inter-quartile
Group B
range of the time taken by group B students is 14 min.
(a) Find the value of a. 23 26 28 30 37 a 45 48
(b) By considering the inter-quartile ranges, which group has a Time (min)
smaller dispersion in the time taken? Explain your answer.
55
Level 1
1. In each of the following, draw the corresponding box-and-whisker diagram.
Smallest datum 1st quartile Median 3rd quartile Largest datum
(a) 11 13 17 19 23
(b) 12 15 18 20 24
(c) 22 22 24 26 29
In each of the following,

(a) find the 1st quartile, the median and the 3rd quartile,
(b) draw the corresponding box-and-whisker diagram. [Nos. 2–3]
2. 3, 6, 8, 8, 10, 12, 16, 22, 25 3. 11, 11, 13, 15, 16, 16, 18, 20, 22, 22
4. The following shows the heights (in cm) of 11 students.

162, 157, 169, 165, 177, 178, 172, 159, 165, 157, 163
(a) Find the 1st quartile, the median and the 3rd quartile of the heights of the students.
(b) Draw the corresponding box-and whisker diagram.
5. The stem-and-leaf diagram shows the weights (in g) of Stem (10 g) Leaf (1 g)
12 oranges. 12 5 8
(a) Write down the value of a. 13 a 0 3 5 5
(b) Find the 1st quartile, the median and the 3rd quartile 14 4 4 6 8
of the weights of the oranges. 15 0
(c) Draw the corresponding box-and-whisker diagram.
In each of the following box-and-whisker diagrams, find

(a) the median, (b) the range, (c) the inter-quartile range. [Nos. 6–9]
6. 7.
40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
8. 9.
10 15 20 25 30 35 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46
56
In each of the following, find the unknown(s). [Nos. 10–11]
10. Inter-quartile range = 12
13 h 22 27 33
11. Range = 19, inter-quartile range = 7
18 s 32 35 t
12. The box-and-whisker diagram shows the weights (in g) of books in a library.
400 500 600 700 800 900 1 000

Weight (g)
(a) Find the median, the range and the inter-quartile range of the weights of the books.
(b) Peter claims that the data are concentrated in the portion of lower weights. Do you agree?
13. The box-and-whisker diagram shows the time (in min) taken by a large group of athletes to finish
a 7 km race.
24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40
Time (min)
(a) Find the median, the range and the inter-quartile range of the time taken by the athletes to finish
the race.
(b) Are the data concentrated in the portion of longer time? Explain your answer.
(c) An athlete with finishing time less than 25 min can get a medal. Elaine claims that none of these
athletes can get a medal. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
Level 2
14. The table shows the ages of a group of 11 teenagers.
Age 15 16 17 18
Number of teenagers 3 5 2 1
(a) Find the 1st quartile, the median and the 3rd quartile of the ages of the teenagers.
(b) Draw the corresponding box-and whisker diagram.
57
15. The box-and-whisker diagrams show the scores obtained Team A
by two basketball teams A and B in their matches this year.
(a) Which team has a larger inter-quartile range in the Team B
scores obtained?
80 85 90 95 100 105 110
(b) Describe the distribution of scores obtained by team B.
Score
16. The box-and-whisker diagrams show the speeds (in km/h) of the cars on two highways X and Y.
Highway X
Highway Y
40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
Speed (km/h)
(a) On which highway was the car with the lowest speed found?
(b) By considering the inter-quartile ranges, which highway has a larger dispersion in the speeds of
the cars? Explain your answer.
17. The bar chart shows the numbers of T-shirts owned by 16 people in group A.
Numbers of T-shirts owned by 16 people
in group A
k
Number of people
3 3
2
1 1
4 5 6 7 8 9
Number of T-shirts
(a) Find the value of k.
(b) Find the median, the range and the inter-quartile range of the numbers of T-shirts owned by the
people.
(c) The box-and-whisker diagram shows the numbers of T-shirts owned by the people in group B.
Group A
Group B
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Number of T-shirts
(i) On the same figure, draw the box-and-whisker diagram for the numbers of T-shirts owned
by the people in group A.
(ii) Joe claims that the people in group A have a smaller dispersion in the numbers of T-shirts owned
than the people in group B. Do you agree? Use the inter-quartile ranges to explain your answer.
58
18. The scores of the 8 trials of student A in a reaction time test are shown below.
79 82 64 75 83 70 55 80
(a) Find the median, the range and the inter-quartile range of the scores.
(b) The box-and-whisker diagrams show the scores of the 8 trials of each of students B and C in the
same reaction time test.
Student A
Student B
Student C
50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
Score
(i) On the same figure, draw the box-and-whisker diagram for the scores of the 8 trials of
student A in the test.
(ii) Which student, A or C, has a more consistent performance in the test? Explain your answer.
(iii) Find the total score of the highest 3 scores of student B.
19. A teacher arranges a training which consists of some running practices for 40 students. The box-and-
whisker diagram shows the numbers of laps run by the students in 30 minutes before the training. The
inter-quartile range and the range of the numbers of laps run are 5 and 11 respectively.
a 18 20 b 27
Number of laps
(a) Find the values of a and b.
(b) After the training, each student runs at least 19 laps in 30 minutes. The teacher claims that at least
25% of the students can run at least 1 more lap in 30 minutes after the training. Do you agree?
20. The box-and-whisker diagram shows the weights (in kg) of people before they join a diet plan. It is
given that the ratio of the range to the inter-quartile range of the weights is 5 : 2.
55 a 64 67 a+9
Weight (kg)

(b) The table shows some statistics of the weights (in kg) of the people a month after joining the diet
plan.
57 61 63 66 69
Giselle claims that none of these people loses weight after joining the diet plan for a month. Do
59
21. A scientist develops a new antihypertensive drug for the treatment of high blood pressure. The stem-
and-leaf diagram shows the blood pressures (in mmHg) of a group of 30 people before a clinical trial
starts, where a and b are integers. The mean of the blood pressures of the people is 142.5 mmHg.
Stem (10 mmHg) Leaf (1 mmHg)
12 2 3 4 6 9
13 0 0 1 3 4 5 7 9
14 3 a 7 7 7 8 9 9
15 0 2 3 4 4 6
16 0 5 b
(a) Find the values of a and b.
(b) Find the median, the range and the inter-quartile range of the blood pressures of the people.
(c) The blood pressures of the people are measured two weeks after the clinical trial starts. The table
shows some statistics of the blood pressures (in mmHg) measured.
102 116 125 130 139
(i) On the same diagram, draw the box-and-whisker diagrams for the blood pressures of the
people before and two weeks after the clinical trial starts.
(ii) Are the blood pressures of the people before the clinical trial starts less dispersed than those
two weeks after the clinical trial starts? Explain your answer.
(iii) The scientist claims that at least half of the people show improvement in their blood
pressures two weeks after the clinic trial starts, while Peter claims that all the people show
improvement in their blood pressures. Who must be correct? Explain your answer.
22. The box-and-whisker diagram shows the distribution of the numbers of shots made by 24 members of
a basketball club in 5 minutes. It is given that x is an integer.
x 3x − 2 10 x + 8 15
Number of shots
(a) Find the range and the inter-quartile range of the distribution.
(b) Someone claims that among the bottom 10 members, none of them makes 11 or more shots in
5 minutes. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
(c) The box-and-whisker diagram below shows the distribution of the numbers of shots made by the
24 members of the club in 5 minutes after the members attend a comprehensive course.
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Number of shots
(i) Can we say that at least 1 member shows no improvement in the number of shots made after
the course? Explain your answer.
(ii) Can we say that none of the members increases the number of shots made by more than 3?
60
23. There are some samples of drinking water. The box-and-whisker diagram shows the distribution of
lead levels (in mg/L) of the samples. It is given that the mean and the median of the distribution are
the same.
1.6 4.7 10.1 13.5 20.9

Lead level (mg/L)
(b) Someone claims that more than half of the samples are with lead levels above 11 mg/L. Do you
agree? Explain your answer.
(c) According to the record, there are 51 samples of drinking water in total. Among the 51 samples,
it is found that five samples with lead levels (in mg/L) 2.8, 5.9, 8.1, 10.4 and 18.7 are not taken
with correct procedures. These five samples are excluded.
(i) Find the mean of the lead levels of the remaining samples.
(ii) A sample of drinking water is said to be safe if its lead level does not exceed 10 mg/L. A
political party spokesman claims that more than 50% of the remaining samples are NOT
safe. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
* 24. There are 36 employees in a company with all different monthly salaries. The box-and-whisker
diagram shows the distribution of the monthly salaries of the employees.
10 000 16 000 20 000 28 000 37 000

Monthly salary ($)
(b) There are two phases of recruitment. The 2nd phase will proceed after the 1st phase. In the
1st phase, three new employees are employed. It is found that the monthly salaries of two new
employees are $14 000 and $29 000. The median of the monthly salaries of the employees after
the 1st phase is the same as the original median of the monthly salaries.
(i) Find the monthly salary of the remaining new employee.
(ii) In the 2nd phase, a new employee is employed. It is found that the range of the monthly
salaries of the employees after the 2nd phase is increased by $1 000. If an employee is
randomly chosen from the 40 employees, is it possible that the probability of choosing an
employee with monthly salary less than $20 000 is greater than 0.5? Explain your answer.
61
Answers
2. (a) 1st quartile = 7, median = 10, (b) X
3rd quartile = 19
3. (a) 1st quartile = 13, median = 16,
3rd quartile = 20
4. (a) 1st quartile = 159 cm, median = 165 cm, 17. (a) 6
3rd quartile = 172 cm (b) median = 7, range = 5,
5. (a) 0 inter-quartile range = 2.5
(b) 1st quartile = 130 g, median = 135 g, (c) (ii) no
3rd quartile = 145 g 18. (a) median = 77, range = 28,
6. (a) 44 inter-quartile range = 14
(b) 9 (b) (ii) C
(c) 5 (iii) 255
7. (a) 85 19. (a) a = 16, b = 23
(b) 45 (b) yes
(c) 30 20. (a) 61
8. (a) 21 (b) no
(b) 20 21. (a) a = 3, b = 5
(c) 9 (b) median = 145 mmHg, range = 43 mmHg,
9. (a) 36 inter-quartile range = 21 mmHg
(b) 12 (c) (ii) no
(c) 7 (iii) the scientist
10. 15 22. (a) range = 12, inter-quartile range = 4
11. s = 28, t = 37 (b) yes
12. (a) median = 600 g, range = 500 g, (c) (i) yes
inter-quartile range = 150 g (ii) no
(b) yes 23. (a) range = 19.3 mg/L,
13. (a) median = 36 min, range = 15 min, inter-quartile range = 8.8 mg/L
inter-quartile range = 6 min (b) no
(b) yes (c) (i) 10.2 mg/L
(c) yes (ii) yes
14. (a) 1st quartile = 15, median = 16, 24. (a) range = $27 000,
3rd quartile = 17 inter-quartile range = $12 000
15. (a) A (b) (i) $20 000
16. (a) Y (ii) no
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63
Objective: To find the standard deviation of ungrouped and grouped data.

Standard Deviation
(a) For a set of ungrouped data x1, x2, …, x with mean x ,
n
( x1 − x ) 2 + ( x2 − x ) 2 + ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ + ( xn − x ) 2
standard deviation (σ) =
n
…
(b) For a set of grouped data with class marks x1, x2, , xn, and corresponding frequencies f1, f2, …, f ,
n
if the mean is x ,
f1 ( x1 − x ) 2 + f 2 ( x2 − x ) 2 + ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ + f n ( xn − x ) 2
standard deviation (σ) =
f1 + f 2 + ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ + f n
(Note: The square of standard deviation is called variance.)

Find the mean and the standard deviation of the data Find the mean and the standard deviation of the data
1, 3, 5, 9, 12. 1 m, 7 m, 11 m, 13 m, 17 m, 23 m.
1 + 3 + 5 + 9 + 12 ( )+( )+( )+( )+( )+( )

Mean = Mean = m
5 ( )
=6 =
Standard deviation Standard deviation
2 2 2 2 2
(1 − 6) + (3 − 6) + (5 − 6) + (9 − 6) + (12 − 6) [( ) − ( )]2 + [( ) − ( )]2 + [( ) − ( )]2 +
=
5 [( ) − ( )]2 + [( ) − ( )]2 + [( ) − ( )]2
=4 = m
( )
=
Find the mean and the standard deviation of each of the following sets of data. [Nos. 1–2] Ex 11C: 1−5
1. 7, 11, 15, 19 2. 4 s, 10 s, 11 s, 12 s, 17 s, 18 s
( )+( )+( )+( )
Mean =
( )
Standard deviation
[( )−( )]2 + [( )−( )]2 +
[( )−( )]2 + [( ) − ( )]2
=
( )
64
The table shows the hourly charges (in $) of some The table shows the consumption of sugar (in g) by
car parks. some students every day.
Hourly charge ($) 21−30 31−40 41−50 51−60 Consumption (g) 11−15 16−20 21−25 26−30
Class mark ($) 25.5 35.5 45.5 55.5 Class mark (g)
Frequency 9 12 3 6 Frequency 4 16 12 8
Find the mean and the standard deviation of the (a) Complete the above table.
hourly charges of the car parks. (b) Find the mean and the standard deviation of the
Mean consumption of sugar by the students every day.
9 × 25.5 + 12 × 35.5 + 3 × 45.5 + 6 × 55.5 ( )×( )+( )×( )+
=$
9 + 12 + 3 + 6 ( )×( )+( )×( )
= $37.5 (b) Mean = g
( )+( )+( )+( )
Standard deviation
=
9(25.5 − 37.5) 2 + 12(35.5 − 37.5) 2 + Standard deviation
2 2
3(45.5 − 37.5) + 6(55.5 − 37.5)
=$ ( )( )2 + ( )( )2 +
9 + 12 + 3 + 6
( )( )2 + ( )( )2
= $10.8, cor. to 3 sig. fig. = g
( )+( )+( )+( )
= , cor. to 3 sig. fig.
3. The table shows the daily data usage (in MB) of Daily data
101−150 151−200 201−250 251−300
45 smartphone users. usage (MB)
Class mark
(a) Complete the table. (MB)
(b) Find the mean and the standard deviation of the Frequency 13 12 5
daily data usage of the smartphone users. Ex 11C: 7, 8
(b) Mean
= MB
Level Up Question

4. The following shows the time taken (in s) by Jimmy to swim 100 m in 7 trials.
62, 60, 58, 57, 66, 64, 60
(a) Find the mean and the standard deviation of the time taken by Jimmy.
(b) If the standard deviation of the time taken by Sandy to swim 100 m in 7 trials is 2.86 s, who has a
larger dispersion in the time taken? Explain your answer.
65
[In this exercise, give the answers correct to 2 decimal places if necessary.]
Level 1
Find the mean and the standard deviation of each of the following sets of data. [Nos. 1–4]
1. 1, 9, 12, 12 2. 11, 14, 16, 20, 24
3. 4, 10, 12, 24, 30, 34 4. 4, 5, 7, 10, 13, 16, 22
5. The weights (in kg) of 6 people are recorded below:

46 61 56 50 61 53
Find the mean and the standard deviation of these weights.
6. The following shows the results (in s) of 8 swimmers in a swimming race final.
71 80 72 75 88 91 81 90
Find the mean and the standard deviation of the results of the 8 swimmers.
7. The table shows the numbers of parking violations in a certain street in November.
Number of parking violations 3 4 5 6 7
Number of days 10 8 6 5 1
(a) Find the mean of the numbers of parking violations.
(b) Find the standard deviation of the numbers of parking violations.
8. The bar chart shows the numbers of books read by a Numbers of books read by the
students in a month
group of 15 students in a month.
5
(a) Find the mean of the numbers of books read by the
Frequency
4
students in that month. 3
2
(b) Find the standard deviation of the numbers of books 1
read by the students in that month. 0
2 3 4 5 6
Number of books
Find the mean and the standard deviation of each of the following sets of data. [Nos. 9–10]
9. Time spent (min) 10−19 20−29 30−39 40−49
Class mark (min)
Frequency 2 5 4 5
66
10. Length (cm) 1− 5 6−10 11−15 16−20 21−25
Class mark (cm)
Frequency 2 3 9 5 1
Find the mean and the standard deviation of the data represented by each of the following diagrams.
[Nos. 11–12]
11. Scores of 40 candidates in a test 12. Driving experience of 20 teachers
12 6
10 5
Frequency
4
Frequency
6 3
4 2
2 1
0 0
40 50 60 70 80 90 100 5.5 10.5 15.5 20.5 25.5 30.5
Score Driving experience (years)
13. The following shows the heights (in cm) of 6 students in group A.
153, 163, 159, 167, 169, 155
(a) Find the mean and the standard deviation of the heights of the students in group A.
(b) The mean and the standard deviation of the heights of 6 students in group B are 158 cm and 6 cm
respectively. Which group is less dispersed in the heights? Explain your answer.
Level 2
14. Find the mean and the standard deviation of each of the following sets of data.
(a) x − 14, x − 6, x, x + 16 (b) y − 4, y − 1, y, y + 2, y + 8
(c) a − 7, a − 4, a − 3, a − 1, a + 5 (d) b − 3, b − 2, b + 1, b + 3, b + 9, b + 10
15. The mean of the set of data 11, 13, 14, x, x + 4, 28 is 18.
(a) Find the value of x.
(b) Find the standard deviation and the variance of the set of data.
16. The range of the seven positive numbers m, 1, 8, 16, 18, 21, 23 is 24.
(a) Find the value of m.
(b) Find the mean, the standard deviation and the variance of the seven numbers.
17. Eight distinct numbers 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, m, 22, 28 are arranged in ascending order. The inter-quartile
range of the eight numbers is greater than 6.
(a) Find the range of values of m.
(b) Take the greatest possible integral value of m in (a). Find the mean, the standard deviation and
the variance of the eight numbers.
67
18. The stem-and-leaf diagram shows the monthly Stem ($1 000) Leaf ($100)
salaries (in $) of 20 engineers, where k is an integer. 11 1 2 3 4
(a) Find the value of k. 12 5 6 7 8 8
(b) Find the inter-quartile range, the mean and the 13 1 3 5 7 9 k
14 1 4 7 9
standard deviation of the monthly salaries of the
15 1
engineers.
(c) Find the percentage of the engineers whose
monthly salaries are lower than the mean by
more than one standard deviation.
19. The table shows the numbers of apples on some trees.

Number of apples 50−54 55−59 60−64 65−69 70−74
Number of trees 3 5 8 a 2
It is given that the mean of the numbers of apples on these trees is 62.
(b) Find the variance and the standard deviation of the numbers of apples on these trees.
20. The following shows the results (in s) of the members from two teams in a 110 m hurdle race.
Team A: 14.3, 16.2, 15.4, 16.1
Team B: 15.1, 16.3, 14.4, 16.2
(a) Find the mean and the standard deviation of the results of the members from each team.
(b) Which team has a larger dispersion in the results of the members in the race? Use the results of
(a) to explain your answer.
21. The following shows the hand spans (in cm) of two groups of students.
Group A: 9, 18, 11, 14, 15, 11
Group B: 11, 15, 17, 14, 8, 13
(a) Find the inter-quartile range and the standard deviation of the hand spans of the students from
each group.
(b) Which group has a smaller dispersion in the hand spans? Explain your answer.
22. The tables show the temperatures (in °C) of two cities in a year.
City A
Temperature (°C) 1− 5 6−10 11−15 16−20 21−25 26−30
Number of days 5 34 98 100 75 53
City B
Temperature (°C) 1− 5 6−10 11−15 16−20 21−25 26−30
Number of days 10 30 95 100 75 55
(a) Find the range, the mean and the standard deviation of the temperatures of each city.
(b) Peter claims that based on the results of (a), city A is more dispersed than city B in the
temperatures. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
68
23. The histograms show the living areas of 25 families in two regions A and B.
Living areas of the families Living areas of the families
in region A in region B
10 10
8 8
Frequency
Frequency
6 6
4 4
2 2
0 0
30 40 50 60 70 80 90 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Area (m2) Area (m2)
(a) Find the mean and the standard deviation of the living areas of the families in each region.
(b) Which region is more dispersed in the living areas of the families? Explain your answer.
24. The frequency polygons show the ages of people in two groups A and B. The class intervals for each
frequency polygon are 11−15, 16−20, 21−25, 26−30, 31−35 and 36−40.
Ages of the people in group A Ages of the people in group B
25 25
20 20
Frequency
Frequency
15 15
10 10
5 5
0 0
8 13 18 23 28 33 38 43 8 13 18 23 28 33 38 43
Age Age
(a) Find the mean and the standard deviation of the ages of the people from each group.
(b) Hence, determine which group has a smaller dispersion in the ages of the people. Explain your
answer.
25. In each of the following, choose suitable measure(s) of dispersion among the range, the inter-quartile
range and the standard deviation for comparing two sets of data.
(a) Set A: 30, 44, 38, 47, 38, 55
Set B: 26, 38, 35, 40, 46, 31
(b) Set A: 75, 73, 68, 76, 84, 76, 87
Set B: 54, 47, 58, 40, 55, 56, 47
69
26. The bar charts show the working experience (in years) of employees in two companies A and B.
Working experience of the employees Working experience of the employees

in company A in company B
9 9
8 8
7 7
Frequency
Frequency
6 6
5 5
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Working experience (years) Working experience (years)
(a) Find the mean and the standard deviation of the working experience of the employees of each
company.
(b) Companies A and B are merged to form a new company C.
(i) Find the standard deviation of the working experience of the employees of company C.
(ii) An employee is randomly chosen from company C. Find the probability that the working
experience of the employee chosen is within one standard deviation from the mean.
(c) An employee with 4-year working experience leaves company C which is mentioned in (b). Find
the increase in the standard deviation of the working experience of the employees of company C
due to the leaving of this employee.
* 27. The mean and the standard deviation of the three numbers a, b, c are 5 and 6 respectively. If the mean
of the four numbers a, b, c, d is also 5,
(a) find the value of d,
(b) find the standard deviation of a, b, c and d.
* 28. a, b, c, 5d and a, b, c, 2d, 8d are two sets of data with the same mean x and the same standard
deviation σ, where d > 0.
(a) Express x and σ 2 in terms of d.
(b) Find the variance of a, b and c in terms of d.
* 29. The table shows the distribution of the numbers of apps downloaded by group A of 18 people last week.
Number of apps 1 2 3 4
Frequency p q 0 r
It is given that the mean and the standard deviation of the distribution are 2 and 1 respectively.
(a) Find the values of p, q and r.
 (b) The numbers of apps downloaded by group B of 6 people last week are shown below.
2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4
A person is randomly chosen from each group. Find the probability that the total number of apps
downloaded by the two people chosen last week is 5.
70
Answers
1. mean = 8.5, standard deviation = 4.5 B: mean = 15.5 s,
2. mean = 17, standard deviation = 4.56 standard deviation = 0.79 s
3. mean = 19, standard deviation = 11 (b) B
4. mean = 11, standard deviation = 6 21. (a) A: inter-quartile range = 4 cm,
5. mean = 54.5 kg, standard deviation = 5.5 kg standard deviation = 3 cm;
6. mean = 81 s, standard deviation = 7.48 s B: inter-quartile range = 4 cm,
7. (a) 4.3 (b) 1.19 standard deviation = 2.89 cm
8. (a) 3.4 (b) 1.2 (b) B
9. mean = 32 min, standard deviation = 10.31 22. (a) A: range = 30°C, mean = 18°C,
min standard deviation = 6.23°C;
10. mean = 13 cm, standard deviation = 5 cm B: range = 30°C, mean = 18°C,
11. mean = 66, standard deviation = 12 standard deviation = 6.41°C
12. mean = 15 years, (b) no
standard deviation = 6 years 23. (a) A: mean = 55 m2,
13. (a) mean = 161 cm, standard deviation = 20 m2;
standard deviation = 5.89 cm B: mean = 65 m2,
(b) A standard deviation = 16.25 m2
14. (a) mean = x − 1, standard deviation = 11 (b) A
(b) mean = y + 1, standard deviation = 4 24. (a) A: mean = 23, standard deviation = 5;
(c) mean = a − 2, standard deviation = 4 B: mean = 24.5, standard deviation =
(d) mean = b + 3, standard deviation = 5 5.94
15. (a) 19 (b) A
(b) standard deviation = 6, variance = 36 25. (a) range, standard deviation
16. (a) 25 (b) range, inter-quartile range
(b) mean = 16, standard deviation = 8, 26. (a) A: mean = 5 years,
variance = 64 standard deviation = 2 years;
17. (a) 18 < m < 22 B: mean = 3 years,
(b) mean = 18, standard deviation = 5, standard deviation = 2 years
variance = 25 (b) (i) 2.24 years
18. (a) 9 5
(ii)
(b) inter-quartile range = $1 450, 8
(c) 0.03 year
mean = $13 150,
27. (a) 5
standard deviation = $1 203.54
(b) 5.20
(c) 20%
28. (a) x = 5d, σ 2 = 18d2
19. (a) 7
(b) 24d2
(b) variance = 32, standard deviation = 5.66
29. (a) p = 6, q = 9, r = 3
20. (a) A: mean = 15.5 s,
2
standard deviation = 0.76 s; (b)
9
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F5B: Chapter 12A
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72
 5B Lesson Worksheet 12.1B (Refer to Book 5B P.12.4)
Objective: To solve problems involving standard score.
Standard Score
For any datum x in a set of data with mean x and standard deviation σ,
x−x
the standard score z = z has no unit.
σ

The score of Henry in a test is 48. The mean and the The score of Jackie in a quiz is 73. The mean and
standard deviation of the test scores are 54 and 6 the standard deviation of the quiz scores are 69 and
respectively. Find the standard score of Henry. 5 respectively. Find the standard score of Jackie.
48 − 54 ( )−( )
Standard score = When a datum x is below Standard score =
6 ( )
the mean x , the standard
= –1 score z < 0. =
1. The score of Kelvin in an English test is 65. 2. The height of Roy is 162 cm. The mean and the
The mean and the standard deviation of the standard deviation of the heights of the students
test scores are 71 and 8 respectively. in Roy’s class are 155 cm and 10 cm respectively.
(a) Find the standard score of Kelvin. (a) Find the standard score of Roy. Ex 12A: 7
( )−( )
Standard score = Standard score
( ) has no unit.
(b) If the score of Amy in the same test is 85, (b) If Britney is in Roy’s class and her height is
find the standard score of Amy. 150 cm, find the standard score of Britney.

The mean of the weights of the students in Ben’s The standard deviation of the melting points of the
class is 68 kg. If Ben’s weight is 77 kg and his alloys used in an experiment is 60°C. The melting
standard score is 0.6, find the standard deviation of point of alloy A used is 154°C and its standard score
the weights. is −0.4. Find the mean melting point of the alloys.
Let σ kg be the standard deviation of the weights. Let x °C be the mean melting point of the alloys.
77 − 68 Ben’s weight is 0.6 times ( )−x
= 0.6 =( ) x−x
σ the standard deviation ( ) =z
above the mean. σ
σ = 15 ( )− x =( )
∴ The standard deviation of the weights is 15 kg. x =( )
∴ The mean melting point of the alloys is ( ).
73
3. The score of Sharon in a listening test is 74 and 4. The standard score of Christy in a bowling game
her standard score is −2.2. The mean score is 85. is −1.8. The mean and the standard deviation of
Find the standard deviation of the test scores. the game scores are 269 and 15 respectively.
Find the score of Christy. Ex 12A: 8, 9
Let σ be the standard deviation of the test scores.
( )−( ) x−x
=( ) =z
( ) ? ?− x
=z
σ
5. The mean and the standard deviation of the time 6. The score of Billy in a calligraphy competition is
taken by racing cars in a race to finish a lap are 95 and his standard score is 0.3. If the standard
156 s and 12 s respectively. Manson participates deviation of the scores in the competition is 9,
in the race and his standard score is 1.4. Find find the mean score of the competition.
the time taken by Manson to finish the lap.
7. An examination consists of two papers. The table Score of Standard

Mean
shows the scores of James, the means and the James deviation
standard deviations of the scores in the two papers. Paper 1 73 79 8
In which paper does James perform better? Paper 2 61 70 15

Ex 12A: 10, 12
( )−( )
Standard score of James in paper 1 = =( )
( )
In which paper is
the standard score
of James greater?
Level Up Question

8. The table shows the scores obtained by 5 players in an archery
Player A B C D E
competition. A player with standard score higher than 1.6 will be
Score 84 68 90 76 72
awarded a special prize. Someone claims that no player can get the
special prize. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
74
12 More about Dispersion
 Consolidation Exercise 12A
Level 1
1. Two instruments are used for measuring the whole blood lead level of a patient 5 times. The standard
deviations of the measurements made by instruments P and Q are 0.06 mg/dL and 0.2 mg/dL
respectively. Which instrument is more precise?
2. Teams A and B are two football teams of 11 members. The standard deviations of the weights of the
members of team A and team B are 6.1 kg and 6.32 kg respectively. Which team has less uniform
weights of the members?
3. Two instruments are used for measuring the volume of a bottle of liquid 4 times. The standard
deviations of the measurements made by the two instruments are 5 mL and 3 mL. It is given that the
two instruments used are X and Y. If instrument X is more precise than instrument Y, find the standard
deviation of the measurements made by each instrument.
4. Two measuring tabs are used for measuring the width of a door 6 times. The widths (in cm) are recorded
as follows.
Measuring tab C: 81.6 82.1 82.2 82.4 82.4 82.5

Measuring tab D: 81.6 82.0 82.1 82.4 82.5 82.6
(a) Find the mean and the standard deviation of the widths measured by each measuring tab.
(Give the answers correct to 3 significant figures if necessary.)
(b) Which measuring tab is less precise?
5. The average monthly temperatures (°C) of two cities A and B in a year are recorded as follows.
City A: 9 13 21 24 30 33 28 25 22 19 15 13
City B: 9 14 21 24 30 33 32 25 22 20 12 10
Which city has a more uniform distribution in the average monthly temperatures throughout the year?
6. Find the unknowns in the following table.

Datum Mean Standard deviation Standard score
(a) 10 4 3 a
(b) 18 23 b −2
(c) 84.5 c 8 3
(d) d 48 2.5 −1.2
75
7. The mean score of the participants in a singing contest is 78. The score of Elaine in the contest is 65
and her standard score is −2. Find the standard deviation of the scores of the participants in the contest.
8. The standard deviation of the average speeds of the racing cars in a competition is 3.6 km/h. Nelson is
the driver of one of the cars in the competition. The average speed of his car in the competition is
84 km/h and the standard score is −2.5. Find the mean of the average speeds of the racing cars in the
competition.
9. The mean and the standard deviation of the finishing time of the athletes in a 7 km cross-country run
are 55 minutes and 8.5 minutes respectively. The finishing time of Jacky in the run is 1 hour 12 minutes.
(a) Find the standard score of Jacky.
(b) Does a higher standard score represent a better performance in the run? Explain your answer.
10. The standard scores of Michael and Jessie in a Mathematics test are −0.5 and −1 respectively.
(a) Is the score of Michael above the mean score in the test? Explain your answer.
(b) Who, Michael or Jessie, gets a lower score? Explain your answer.
11. Ben invests in stocks and bonds. The table shows the return rate of Ben in each investment this year,
and the means and the standard deviations of the return rates in the same market this year.
Return rate of Ben Mean of the return rates Standard deviation
Stocks 5.3% 5% 0.6%
Bonds 3.8% 3.5% 0.2%
(a) Find the standard score of the return rate of Ben in each investment.
(b) In which investment does Ben perform better?
12. The table shows the scores of 7 applicants in two interviews for a scholarship scheme.
Alex Bill Candy Don Eva Fred Gary
Group interview 77 66 72 71 76 68 67
Individual interview 62 69 68 71 78 81 75
(a) Does Don perform equally well in the group interview and in the individual interview? Explain
your answer.
(b) In which interview does Eva perform worse?
13. A recruitment examination of a company consists of three sections. The table shows the scores of
Mandy, the mean and the standard deviation of the scores in each section.
Score of Mandy Mean Standard deviation
Use of English 66.5 61 11
Use of Chinese 66.5 58.5 8
Aptitude test 22 19 4
(a) Find the standard score of Mandy in each section.
(b) Mandy claims that she performs the best in Use of English. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
76
Level 2
14. Two machines A and B in a factory are used for producing umbrellas. The histograms show the
distribution of the lengths (in cm) of the umbrellas produced by each machine. Determine which
machine produces umbrellas with less uniform lengths.
Lengths of umbrellas produced Lengths of umbrellas produced
by machine A by machine B
20 20
Frequency
Frequency
15 15
10 10
5 5
0 0
60.7 60.9 61.1 61.3 61.5 60.7 60.9 61.1 61.3 61.5
Length (cm) Length (cm)
15. The mean of the heights of the students in a class is 164 cm. Josephine and John are two students in
the class. The height of Josephine is 167 cm and her standard score is 0.5.
(a) Find the standard deviation of the heights of the students in the class.
(b) If the height of John is 183.5 cm, find the standard score of John.
16. The standard deviation of the scores of the participants in a game is 5. The score of Charles in the
game is 76 and his standard score is 2.5.
(a) Find the mean score of the participants in the game.
(b) If the standard score of Belly in the game is −1.5, find the score of Belly.
17. The mean of the scores of the candidates in an examination is 57. The score of Katy in the
examination is 70.5 and her standard score is 1.5.
(a) Find the standard deviation of the scores in the examination.
(b) The passing mark of the examination is 40. Can a person with standard score −2 pass the
examination? Explain your answer.
(c) It is known that the lowest score in the examination is 34.5. If the standard scores corresponding
to the highest score and the lowest score differ by 5.5, find the highest score in the examination.
18. The mean of the diameters (in mm) of the containers produced by a machine is 100 times the standard
deviation of the diameters of the containers produced. The standard score of a container with diameter
50.75 mm is 1.5.
(a) Find the mean and the standard deviation of the diameters of the containers produced by the
machine.
(b) For the containers produced by the machine, those with diameters which differ from the mean by
at most one standard deviation pass a quality test. Does a container with radius 24.75 mm pass
the quality test? Explain your answer.
77
19. The table shows the means and the standard deviations of the scores obtained by candidates in
Part 1 and in Part 2 of a recruitment test. The total mark of each part is 100.
Mean Standard deviation
Part 1 70 5.5
Part 2 62 6.5
The score of Patrick in Part 1 is 81.
(a) Find the standard score of Patrick in Part 1.
(b) If Patrick performs equally well in Part 1 and Part 2, find the score of Patrick in Part 2.
(c) Is it possible that a candidate gets the same score and the same standard score in both parts?
20. The table shows the means and the standard deviations of the finishing times of the participants in a
100 m race and a 10 km race, where a is a constant.
100 m race 15 s as
10 km race 74 min 12 min
Matthew and Joseph are two participants of both events. The finishing time of Joseph in the 100 m race
is 12.6 s and the corresponding standard score is −1.5. The finishing times of Matthew in the 100 m
race and the 10 km race are 15.2 s and x min respectively, where x is an integer.
(b) If Matthew performs better in the 100 m race than in the 10 km race, find the minimum finishing
time of Matthew in the 10 km race.
(c) The finishing time of Joseph in the 10 km race is 62 min. Joseph claims that he performs better in
the 10 km race than in the 100 m race. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
21. P and Q are two brands of bulbs sold in a hardware shop. The lifetimes of P and Q are 940 h and
1 360 h respectively, and their standard scores are −0.5 and 3 respectively. Find the mean and the
standard deviation of the lifetimes of the bulbs sold in the hardware shop.
22. The scores of Cathy and Ivan in a violin competition are 73.2 and 80.4 respectively. The standard
scores of Cathy and Ivan are −0.5 and 1.5 respectively.
(a) Find the mean and the standard deviation of the scores in the violin competition.
(b) Sandy is a participant of the competition. Her standard score is −1. Find the score of Sandy.
23. Products A and B are two products produced by a company. The prices of products A and B are $59
and $49.1, and their standard scores are 1.8 and −0.4 respectively.
(a) Find the mean and the standard deviation of the prices of the products produced by the company.
(b) If the 1st quartile of the prices of the products produced by the company is $48, can we say that
the standard scores of at least 25% of the products are less than 0? Explain your answer.
78
24. The box-and-whisker diagram shows the distribution of the numbers of push-ups done by a group of
people in a fitness test. Jacky and Daisy are two of the people in the group. The number of push-ups
done by Jacky is the lowest among all the people in the group. The number of push-ups done by Daisy
is 39. The standard scores of Jacky and Daisy in the test are −2.5 and −1 respectively.
30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Number of push-ups
(a) Find the mean of the distribution.
(b) Jacky claims that the standard scores of at least half of the people in the group are positive. Do
25. The stem-and-leaf diagram shows the scores of a class of students in a History examination. Billy and
Creamy are two students in the class. Creamy gets the highest score in the examination.
Stem (10) Leaf (1)
5 4 5 6 7 9
6 2 4 5 7 8 9
7 2 4 7
8 3
9 0
(a) Find the standard score of Creamy.
(b) Creamy claims that the standard score of any student in the class in the History examination is
greater than −2. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
(c) It is given that the mean and the standard deviation of the scores of the same class of students in a
Geography examination are 68 and 8 respectively. The scores of Billy in the Geography
examination and in the History examination are both 72. Does Billy perform equally well in the
two examinations? Explain your answer.
(d) Two students are randomly chosen from the class. Find the probability that the difference
between the standard scores of the students chosen in the History examination is more than 3.
* 26. A set of data a + b, a + b, 2a, 2b is given, where a < b.

(a) Find the standard score corresponding to the datum 2a.
(Leave the radical sign ‘ √’ in the answer.)
(b) Is it possible that the standard score corresponding to one of the data in the set is less than −1.5?
Use the result of (a) to explain your answer.
* 27. The standard deviation of the scores of 18 students in a test is m, where m > 0. The standard scores of
students A and B in the test are both zero. It is found that the scores of A and B are mistakenly
recorded. Then, 3m is subtracted from the score of student A and 3m is added to the score of B. Find
the standard scores of A and B after the correction.
(Leave the radical sign ‘ √’ in the answers.)
79
Answers
1. P 17. (a) 9
2. B (b) no
3. X: 3 mL, Y: 5 mL (c) 84
4. (a) C: mean = 82.2 cm, 18. (a) mean = 50 mm,
standard deviation = 0.3 cm; standard deviation = 0.5 mm
D: mean = 82.2 cm, (b) yes
standard deviation = 0.342 cm
(b) D 19. (a) 2
5. A (b) 75
6. (a) 2 (c) no
(b) 2.5 20. (a) 1.6
(c) 60.5 (b) 76 min
(d) 45 (c) no
7. 6.5 21. mean = 1 000 h, standard deviation = 120 h
8. 93 km/h 22. (a) mean = 75, standard deviation = 3.6
9. (a) 2 (b) 71.4
(b) no 23. (a) mean = $50.9, standard deviation =
10. (a) no $4.5
(b) Jessie (b) yes
11. (a) stocks: 0.5, bonds: 1.5 24. (a) 45
(b) bonds (b) yes
12. (a) no 25. (a) 2.3
(b) individual interview (b) yes
13. (a) Use of English: 0.5, Use of Chinese: 1, (c) yes
aptitude test: 0.75 1
(d)
(b) no 24
14. A 26. (a) − 2
15. (a) 6 cm (b) no
3    3 2
(b) 3.25
27. A: −  or − 3 2  , B: 3  or 
2  2  2  2 
16. (a) 63.5  
(b) 56
80
F5B: Chapter 12B
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81
 5B Lesson Worksheet 12.1C (Refer to Book 5B P.12.13)
Objective: To find the percentage/number of data in a normal distribution.
Normal Distribution (with mean x and standard deviation σ)

(a) About 68% of the data lie (b) About 95% of the data lie (c) About 99.7% of the data lie
between x − σ and x + σ. between x − 2σ and x + 2σ. between x − 3σ and x + 3σ.
Frequency Frequency Frequency
68% 95% 99.7%
34% 34%
47.5% 47.5%
x x 49.85% 49.85%
x
x −σ x x + σ x − 2σ x x + 2σ x − 3σ x x + 3σ

The weights of 250 apples are normally distributed The diameters of 400 copper wires produced in a
with mean 110 g and standard deviation 8 g. Find factory are normally distributed with mean 1 mm and
the percentage of apples with weights between 102 g standard deviation 0.04 mm. Find the percentage of
and 118 g. copper wires with diameters less than 0.92 mm.
x = 110 g and σ = 8 g. x =( ) mm and σ = ( ) mm.

x − σ = (110 − 8) g = 102 g x − ( )σ = [( ) − ( )( )] mm = ( ) mm
x + σ = (110 + 8) g = 118 g The required percentage
The required percentage =( )−( )
= 68% =
1. The finishing time of athletes in a 400 m race 2. The scores of students in an IQ test are normally
is normally distributed with mean 42.2 s and distributed with mean 124 and standard deviation 9.
standard deviation 1.3 s. Find the percentage of Find the percentage of students with scores
athletes with finishing time (a) higher than 142,
(a) longer than 40.9 s, (b) between 106 and 133. Ex 12B: 1−4
(b) between 39.6 s and 44.8 s.
(a)
(a) x = ( ) s and σ = ( ) s.
x − σ = [( )−( )] s = ( )s
(b)
(b)
82
3. The heights of 200 students in S5 are normally 4. The lengths of the hands of 520 children are
distributed with mean 162 cm and standard normally distributed with mean 9.6 cm and
deviation 6 cm. Find the number of students standard deviation 0.4 cm. Find the number of
whose heights are more than 168 cm. children whose lengths of hands are between
8.8 cm and 9.6 cm. Ex 12B: 5−8
Total = n
Part = ?
(x%)
? = n × x%
5. In a game, the scores of players are normally 6. The weekly working hours of the employees in a
distributed with mean 93 and standard company are normally distributed with mean
deviation 7. There are 390 players whose 61.8 h and standard deviation 1.6 h. There are
scores are below 107. Find the total number 1 997 employees who work for more than 57 h
of players in the game. per week. Find the total number of employees in
the company.
Total = ?
(100%)
Part = y
(x%)
? × x% = y
Level Up Question

7. The scores of a class of students in a quiz are normally distributed with mean 87 and standard
deviation 3. Mandy is one of the top 0.15% students in the quiz. Can the score of Mandy be less than
96? Explain your answer.
83
 Consolidation Exercise 12B
[In this exercise, assume that in a normal distribution, 68%, 95% and 99.7% of the data lie within one, two
and three standard deviations respectively from the mean.]
Level 1
1. The waiting time of passengers at a taxi stop is normally distributed with mean 15 min and standard
deviation 4 min.
(a) Find the percentage of passengers with waiting time between 11 min and 19 min.
(b) Find the percentage of passengers with waiting time between 19 min and 23 min.
2. The donations of a group of people are normally distributed with mean $40 and standard deviation $10.
(a) Find the percentage of people whose donations are between $20 and $60.
(b) Find the percentage of people whose donations are more than $60.
3. The lengths of umbrellas in an umbrella shop are normally distributed with mean 70 cm and standard
deviation 4 cm.
(a) Find the percentage of umbrellas with lengths between 62 cm and 74 cm.
(b) Find the percentage of umbrellas with lengths greater than 82 cm.
4. The speeds of cars on a highway are normally distributed with mean 65 km/h and standard deviation
3.5 km/h.
(a) Find the percentage of cars with speeds greater than 68.5 km/h.
(b) Find the percentage of cars with speeds less than 58 km/h.
5. There are 3 000 students in an examination. It is known that the scores of the students in the
examination are normally distributed with mean 65 and standard deviation 8.5.
(a) Find the percentage of students whose scores are lower than 73.5.
(b) Find the number of students whose scores are lower than 73.5.
6. The weights of 4 000 apples are normally distributed with mean 152 g and standard deviation 12 g.
(a) Find the number of apples with weights greater than 176 g.
(b) Find the number of apples with weights less than 116 g.
7. The time spent by 600 interviewees on web surfing in a day is normally distributed with mean 90 min
and standard deviation 16 min.
(a) How many interviewees spend less than 74 min on web surfing in a day?
(b) How many interviewees spend more than 58 min on web surfing in a day?
84
8. The heights of 2 000 students in a district are normally distributed with mean 166 cm and standard
deviation 8 cm.
(a) Find the number of students with heights greater than 182 cm.
(b) Find the number of students with heights between 150 cm and 174 cm.
(c) Giselle claims that the number of students with heights greater than 190 cm is the same as the
number of students with heights less than 142 cm. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
Level 2
9. The tensile strength of alloy steel wires produced by a factory is normally distributed with mean
220 MPa and standard deviation 13 MPa. A wire with tensile strength less than 207 MPa cannot pass a
quality test.
(a) Find the percentage of wires with tensile strength larger than 181 MPa.
(b) Find the percentage of wires which cannot pass the quality test.
10. The finishing time of participants in a half marathon event is normally distributed with mean 154 min
and standard deviation σ min. Jacky is one of the participants and his standard score is 2.
(a) Express the finishing time of Jacky in terms of σ.
(b) Hence, find the percentage of participants who run faster than Jacky in the event.
11. The standard scores of Elaine and Carmen in a public examination are −1 and 2 respectively. It is
given that 2 400 candidates take the examination and their scores are normally distributed.
(a) Find the number of candidates whose scores are lower than the score of Carmen.
(b) Find the number of candidates whose scores are between the score of Elaine and the score of
Carmen.
12. The net contents of packs of lemon tea drink stored in a warehouse are normally distributed with mean
377 mL and standard deviation 2.5 mL. The number of packs of lemon tea drink with net contents less
than 372 mL is 100.
(a) Find the total number of packs of lemon tea drink stored in the warehouse.
(b) Find the number of packs of lemon tea drink with net contents greater than 379.5 mL.
(c) Find the number of packs of lemon tea drink with net contents between 372 mL and 384.5 mL.
13. Plastic rods are mass-produced in a factory. The lengths of the plastic rods are normally distributed
with mean 5.2 m and standard deviation 0.65 m. The number of plastic rods with lengths between
4.55 m and 6.5 m is 652.
(a) Find the total number of plastic rods produced.
(b) A plastic rod is said to be acceptable if its length is between 4.55 m and 5.85 m.
(i) How many plastic rods produced are acceptable?
(ii) A plastic rod is randomly chosen from all plastic rods produced. Find the probability that the
plastic rod chosen is not acceptable.
85
14. The lifespans (in years) of cookers produced by a manufacturer are normally distributed with standard
deviation 1.2 years. It is given that 0.15% of cookers produced by the manufacturer are with lifespans
less than 3.4 years.
(a) Find the mean of the lifespans of these cookers.
(b) Find the percentage of cookers with lifespans over 9.4 years.
15. The intelligence quotients of a group of students are normally distributed with mean 102. 68% of the
students have intelligence quotients between 88 and 116.
(a) Find the standard deviation of the intelligence quotients of the students.
(b) Find the percentage of students with intelligence quotients below 144.
(c) Suppose the top 2.5% of the students in the group are classified as gifted students. If a student
with intelligence quotient above k is a gifted student, find the minimum value of k.
* 16. The expenses of 4 000 customers in a supermarket on Monday are normally distributed with mean $p
and standard deviation $k, where p and k are constants. It is known that there are 640 customers and
100 customers whose expenses on Monday are greater than $155 and less than $59 respectively.
(a) Find the values of p and k.
(b) The expenses of 4 000 customers in the supermarket on Tuesday are recorded and those expenses
are normally distributed. It is found that the mean of the expenses of the customers on Tuesday is
the same as that on Monday while the standard deviation is halved.
(i) Find the number of customers whose expenses on Tuesday are greater than $155.
(ii) On Tuesday, a $20 coupon is given to a customer whose expenses are greater than $155,
while a $10 coupon is given to a customer whose expenses are less than $155. It is given that
there is no customer whose expenses on Tuesday are exactly $155. If a customer is randomly
chosen from the record on Tuesday, find the expected amount of coupon that is given to the
customer.
* 17. Let m, n and k be constants. The table shows the mean and the standard deviation of the weights (in g)
of books in libraries A and B. The weights of the books in each library are normally distributed.
Library A mg ng
Library B 496 g kg
In library A, 68% of the books have weights lying within one standard deviation from the mean
(i.e. between 388 g and 460 g). In library B, there are altogether 1 200 books and 30 of them are with
weights less than 460 g.
(a) Find the values of m, n and k.
(b) Find the percentage of books with weights less than 460 g or more than 496 g in library A.
(c) A book is randomly chosen from each library. Find the probability that the weight of each book
chosen is less than 460 g or more than 496 g.
86
Answers
1. (a) 68% 11. (a) 2 340
(b) 13.5% (b) 1 956
2. (a) 95% 12. (a) 4 000
(b) 2.5% (b) 640
3. (a) 81.5% (c) 3 894
(b) 0.15% 13. (a) 800
4. (a) 16% (b) (i) 544
(b) 2.5% 8
(ii)
5. (a) 84% 25
14. (a) 7 years
(b) 2 520
(b) 2.5%
6. (a) 100
15. (a) 14
(b) 6
(b) 99.85%
7. (a) 96
(c) 130
(b) 585
16. (a) p = 123, k = 32
8. (a) 50
(b) (i) 100
(b) 1 630
(ii) $10.25
(c) yes
17. (a) m = 424, n = 36, k = 18
9. (a) 99.85%
(b) 86.5%
(b) 16%
(c) 0.454 125
10. (a) (154 + 2σ) min
(b) 97.5%
87
F5B: Chapter 12C
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88
 5B Lesson Worksheet 12.2A & B (Refer to Book 5B P.12.19)
Objective: To explore the effects of changing data on dispersion when a common constant is added to (or
subtracted from) each datum and when each datum is multiplied by a common constant.
Adding or Subtracting a Common Constant and Multiplying by a Common Constant

Consider a set of data with range R, inter-quartile range Q and standard deviation σ.
Adding / Subtracting Multiplying by a positive
a common constant common constant k
New range R R×k
New inter-quartile range Q Q×k
New standard deviation σ σ×k

The range, the inter-quartile range and the standard The range, the inter-quartile range and the standard
deviation of a set of data are 35, 20 and 11 deviation of a set of data are 27, 13 and 8
respectively. If 6 is added to each datum, find the respectively. If each datum is multiplied by 5, find
new range, the new inter-quartile range and the new the new range, the new inter-quartile range and the
standard deviation of the set of data. new standard deviation of the set of data.
Range = 35 Range = ( )×( )=

Inter-quartile range = 20 Inter-quartile range = ( )×( )=
Standard deviation = 11 Standard deviation = ( )×( )=
1. The range, the inter-quartile range and the standard deviation of a set of data are 12, 9 and 2
respectively. In each of the following, find the new range, the new inter-quartile range and the new
standard deviation of the set of data. Ex 12C: 1
(a) 9 is added to each datum. (b) 7 is subtracted from each datum.
2. The range, the inter-quartile range and the standard deviation of a set of data are 144, 75 and 26.1
standard deviation of the set of data. Ex 12C: 5
(a) Each datum is divided by 3. (b) Each datum is increased by 40%.
New value = original value × (1 + percentage increase)
89
3. (a) Find the range, the inter-quartile range and 4. (a) Find the range, the inter-quartile range and
the standard deviation of the set of data the standard deviation of the set of data
2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 14. −2, 0, 1, 2, 7, 12, 15.
(b) Using the results of (a), find the range, (b) Using the results of (a), find the range, the
the inter-quartile range and the standard inter-quartile range and the standard
deviation of the set of data deviation of the set of data
6, 9, 18, 24, 27, 42. 5, 7, 8, 9, 14, 19, 22. Ex 12C: 3, 7
(a) Range = ( )−( )=
(b) Each datum in (a) is ( ) by

( ) to obtain the set of data.
5. The range, the inter-quartile range and the 6. The range, the inter-quartile range and the
standard deviation of a set of data are 13, 8 and standard deviation of a set of data are 10, 7 and
4 respectively. If each datum is doubled and 3.6 respectively. If 1 is added to each datum and
then 5 is subtracted from each resulting datum, then each resulting datum is divided by 4, find
find the new range, the new inter-quartile range the new range, the new inter-quartile range and
and the new standard deviation of the set of the new standard deviation of the set of data.
data. Ex 12C: 15
Level Up Question

7. The range, the inter-quartile range and the standard deviation of the five numbers x1, x2, x3, x4, x5 are
36, 22 and 10 respectively. Find the range, the inter-quartile range and the variance of each of the
following sets of data.
(a) 4x1 + 3, 4x2 + 3, 4x3 + 3, 4x4 + 3, 4x5 + 3
x1 x x x x
(b) − 8, 2 − 8, 3 − 8, 4 − 8, 5 − 8
2 2 2 2 2
90
 5B Lesson Worksheet 12.2C & D (Refer to Book 5B P.12.23)
Objective: To explore the effects of changing data on dispersion when a datum is deleted or added.
Deleting a Datum and Inserting a Datum

The changes in range, inter-quartile range and standard deviation depend on the value of the datum
deleted or added.

Consider the set of data 3, 7, 9, 10, 14, 16. Consider the set of data 1, 5, 6, 11, 11, 12, 15.
(a) Find the range, the inter-quartile range and the (a) Find the range, the inter-quartile range and the
standard deviation of the set of data. standard deviation of the set of data.
(b) If the datum 18 is added to the set of data, find (b) If the datum 1 is deleted from the set of data,
the new range, the new inter-quartile range and find the new range, the new inter-quartile range
the new standard deviation. and the new standard deviation.
(a) Range = 16 − 3 = 13 (a) Range = ( )−( )=
Inter-quartile range = 14 − 7 = 7 Inter-quartile range = ( )−( )=
Standard deviation = 4.30, cor. to 3 sig. fig. Standard deviation = , cor. to 3 sig. fig.
(b) Range = 18 − 3 = 15 (b) Range = ( )−( )=
Inter-quartile range = 16 − 7 = 9 Inter-quartile range = ( )−( )=
Standard deviation = 4.90, cor. to 3 sig. fig. Standard deviation = , cor. to 3 sig. fig.
1. Consider the set of data 2, 6, 8, 11, 14, 18, 21. 2. Consider the set of data 4, 4, 7, 13, 17, 23, 26.
(a) Find the range, inter-quartile range and (a) Find the range, the inter-quartile range and
the standard deviation of the set of data. the standard deviation of the set of data.
(b) If the datum 6 is deleted from the set of (b) If the datum 30 is added to the set of data,
data, will the range, the inter-quartile will the range, inter-quartile range and the
range and the standard deviation increase, standard deviation increase, decrease or
decrease or remain unchanged? remain unchanged? Ex 12C: 9−11
(a) Range = ( )−( )=

Inter-quartile range = ( )−( )=
(b) The range will ( ).

New inter-quartile range = ( )−( )
=( )
∵ ( )<( )
∴ The inter-quartile range will ( ).
91
3. There are 9 members in the owners’ corporation 4. The weights (in kg) of 10 bags of cans for
of a housing estate. The ages of the 9 members recycle are given below:
are as follows: 0.5, 0.8, 1.4, 1.6, 1.6, 1.9, 2.0, 2.2, 2.3, 2.3
28, 30, 32, 35, 43, 44, 47, 48, 50 (a) Find the standard deviation of the weights.
(a) Find the standard deviation of the ages of (b) The bag with weight 1.4 kg is taken away.
the members. Determine whether the standard deviation
(b) If a 40 year-old person has joined the of the weights of the remaining bags is
owners’ corporation recently, find the greater than or smaller than the result in (a).
new standard deviation of the ages of the Ex 12C: 12, 13
members.
5. The following are the numbers of hours of social work completed by 7 students last year.
41, 24, 18, 32, 17, 46, 25
(a) Find the mean and the standard deviation of the numbers of hours.
(b) Another student who completed 37 hours of social work last year is included. Will the mean and
the standard deviation of the numbers of hours increase, decrease or remain unchanged?
Level Up Question

6. The monthly salaries of employees in a company are normally distributed. The monthly salaries of the
employees within one standard deviation from the mean are between $11 500 and $17 000.
(a) Find the mean of the monthly salaries of the employees.
(b) If an employee with monthly salary $14 250 resigns from the company, will the standard deviation of
the monthly salaries of the employees increase, decrease or remain unchanged? Explain your answer.
92
 Consolidation Exercise 12C
Level 1
standard deviation of the set of data.
(a) 5 is added to each datum.
(b) 6 is subtracted from each datum.
2. Consider the set of data 5, 7, 8, 11, 16, 19.

(a) Find the range, the inter-quartile range and the standard deviation of the set of data.
(b) In each of the following, find the new range, the new-inter-quartile range and the new standard
deviation of the set of data.
(i) 4 is added to each datum.
(ii) 3 is subtracted from each datum.
(iii) 5 is added to each datum and then 9 is subtracted from each resulting datum.
3. (a) Find the range, the inter-quartile range and the standard deviation of the set of data 3, 4, 6, 7, 7, 9.
(b) Using the results of (a), find the range, the inter-quartile range and the standard deviation of each
of the following sets of data.
(i) 5, 6, 8, 9, 9, 11
(ii) −1, 0, 2, 3, 3, 5
4. The lengths of 8 rods are 13 cm, 14 cm, 16 cm, 19 cm, 21 cm, 21 cm, 24 cm and 24 cm.
(a) Find the range, the inter-quartile range and the standard deviation of the lengths of the rods.
(b) If each rod is chopped by 10 cm, are there any changes in the range, the inter-quartile range and
the standard deviation of the lengths of the rods?
5. The range, the inter-quartile range and the standard deviation of a set of data are 12, 8 and 3.6
(a) Each datum is multiplied by 5.
(b) Each datum is divided by 4.
(c) Each datum is increased by 25%.
(d) Each datum is decreased by 10%.
93
6. Consider the set of data 1, 3, 6, 14, 14, 15, 17.
(a) Find the range and the inter-quartile range and the standard deviation of the set of data.
(b) In each of the following, find the new range, the new inter-quartile range and the new standard
(i) Each datum is doubled.
(ii) Each datum is halved.
7. (a) Find the range, the inter-quartile range and the standard deviation of the set of data
10, 11, 14, 15, 17, 19, 22, 28.
(b) Using the results of (a), find the range, the inter-quartile range and the standard deviation of each
of the following sets of data.
(i) 30, 33, 42, 45, 51, 57, 66, 84
(ii) −5, −5.5, −7, −7.5, −8.5, −9.5, −11, −14
8. The marked prices of 6 photo frames are $70, $74, $76, $80, $86 and $94.
(a) Find the range, the inter-quartile range and the standard deviation of the marked prices of the
photo frames.
(b) If each photo frame is sold at a discount of 30%, find the range, the inter-quartile range and the
standard deviation of the selling prices of the photo frames.
9. Consider the set of data 11, 13, 14, 16, 19, 24.
(i) The datum 15 is added.
(ii) The datum 29 is added.
10. Consider the set of data 1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 22, 29.

(b) If the datum 8 is deleted, find the new range, the new inter-quartile range and the new standard
(c) If the datum 29 is deleted, find the change in the range, the inter-quartile range and the standard
11. The temperatures (in °C) of 8 cities in a day are 16, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26 and 29.
(a) Find the inter-quartile range and the standard deviation of the temperatures.
(b) In each of the following, will the inter-quartile range and the standard deviation of the
temperatures increase, decrease or remain unchanged?
(i) The datum 23°C is deleted.
(ii) The datum 17°C is added.
94
12. The following are the scores of 7 students in a quiz.
39, 43, 47, 49, 58, 59, 62
(a) Find the inter-quartile range and the standard deviation of the scores of the students.
(b) If each score is increased by 5%, are there any changes in the inter-quartile range and the
standard deviation?
(c) If the score below 40 is deleted, find the new inter-quartile range and the new standard deviation.
13. The following table shows the radii (in cm) of 36 pottery dishes produced by a factory.
Radius (cm) 9.5 10 10.5 11
Number of dishes 4 6 12 14
(a) Find the standard deviation of the radii of the dishes.
(b) If all the dishes with radii less than 10 cm are taken away, determine whether the standard
deviation of the radii of the remaining dishes is greater than or less than the result in (a).
14. The following are the results of the 6 trials of Jenny in a long-jump practice.
4.1 m, 4.7 m, 5.7 m, 6.3 m, 6.5 m, 6.9 m
(a) Find the standard deviation of these 6 results.
(b) Jenny claims that if the best and the worst results are deleted, the standard deviation will
increase. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
(c) If one more result x m (where x > 5) is added such that the range changes, will the inter-quartile
range change?
Level 2
15. Consider the set of data 5, 7, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 18.
(i) 1 is added to each datum and then 2 is divided from each resulting datum.
(ii) Each datum is multiplied by 3 and then 20 is subtracted from each resulting datum.
(a) 5 is subtracted from each datum and then each resulting datum is increased by 50%.
(b) Each datum is decreased by 25% and then each resulting datum is divided by 3.
17. The range, the inter-quartile range and the variance of the five numbers k1, k2, k3, k4 and k5 are 12, 9
and 36 respectively. Find the new range, the new inter-quartile range and the new standard deviation
of each of the following sets of data.
(a) 4k1 + 3, 4k2 + 3, 4k3 + 3, 4k4 + 3, 4k5 + 3
(b) 5 − 2k1, 5 − 2k2, 5 − 2k3, 5 − 2k4, 5 − 2k5
5k1 − 4 5k 2 − 4 5k 3 − 4 5k 4 − 4 5k 5 − 4
(c) , , , ,
3 3 3 3 3
95
18. The scores of seven students in a Mathematics examination are 61, 63, 64, 70, 72, 75 and 78.
(a) Find the mean, the range, the inter-quartile range and the standard deviation of the scores of the
seven students.
(b) The final score of a student in Mathematics can be obtained as follows:
Final score = 70% × score in the examination + 30% × score in homework
If each of the seven students obtains a score of 100 in the homework, find the mean, the range,
the inter-quartile range and the standard deviation of the final scores of the seven students in
Mathematics.
19. The following are the records of transactions in a week.

$510, $520, $530, $540, $570, $600, $680, $690
(a) Find the standard deviation of the records.
(b) It is found that two transactions are mistakenly recorded. The record $540 should be $700 and the
record $600 should be deleted. Find the change in the standard deviation due to the correction.
20. The stem-and-leaf diagram shows the distribution of the scores of 12 participants in a dancing contest.
Stem (10) Leaf (1)
5 1 5
6 2 6 8 9
7 1 4 7 9
8 2 8
(b) The score of John in the contest is 55. John is disqualified due to the violation of a rule of the
contest. In each of the following, are there any changes in the range and the inter-quartile range
of the distribution? Explain your answers.
(i) The disqualified result is regarded as a score of 0.
(ii) The disqualified result is excluded and is not counted in the calculations.
21. The frequency curve shows the distribution of the fares of the bus routes operated by a bus company.
The fares are normally distributed with standard deviation $σ.
Fares of the bus routes operated by
a bus company
Frequency
σ σ
2σ 2σ
Fare ($)
5.2 9.7
(a) Find the mean and the standard deviation of the fares.
(b) A fare revision is purposed to all its bus routes. The fare of each bus route is increased by 6%.
(i) Find the standard deviation of the fares after the fare revision.
(ii) Will the standard score of each bus route change after the fare revision? Explain your answer.
96
22. The mean of the scores of the students in a test is 54. The score of Bob in the test is 60. The standard
score of Bob is 1.5.
(a) Find the standard deviation of the scores in the test.
(b) Because of the unsatisfactory overall results, the teacher adjusts the score of each student such
that each score is increased by 5% and then an extra score of 10 is added to it.
(i) Find the standard deviation of the scores after the adjustment.
(ii) What is the change in the standard score of each student due to the adjustment? Explain your
answer.
23. The table shows the means and the standard deviations of the scores of the candidates in fitness test 1
and fitness test 2.
Test 1 62.4 3.2
Test 2 p 2.4
The scores of Roy in tests 1 and 2 are 64 and 60 respectively. Roy performs equally well in both tests.
(a) Find the value of p.
(b) The examiner decides to adjust the scores of the candidates in test 2. One of the methods below is
used in the adjustment, where a > 0 and b > 0. After the adjustment, the mean of the scores in test
2 is 63.8 and the range of the scores in test 2 remains unchanged.
Method 1: Each score is increased by a%.
Method 2: An extra score of b is added to each score.
(i) Determine which method is used and describe the adjustment.
(ii) Does Roy still perform equally well in both tests after the adjustment? Explain your answer.
24. The table shows some information of a competition.

Total score Highest score among participants Standard deviation
100 89 15
The organizer decides to adjust the score of each participant by the formula N = 0.8S + 3, where S and
N are the scores of a participant before and after the adjustment respectively. The total score is still 100.
(a) Find the standard deviation of the scores after the adjustment.
(b) Can the original formula be replaced by the formula N = 1.1S + 3 for the adjustment? Explain
your answer.
(c) A participant with score more than the mean by at least one standard deviation can get a cash
prize. Will the number of participants getting the cash prizes change due to the adjustment?
25. When the datum 8 is deleted from a set of distinct data, the mean of the set of data does not change.
(a) Find the mean of the new set of data.
(b) Will the range and the standard deviation of the set of data increase, decrease or remain
unchanged due to the deletion of the datum 8? Explain your answer.
(c) 11 is a datum of the set of data. Will the standard score of the datum 11 increase, decrease or
remain unchanged due to the deletion of the datum 8? Explain your answer.
26. The table shows the finishing time and the standard scores of Cathy and Candy in a cross-country race.
97
Finishing time Standard score
Cathy 51 min −1
Candy 61.5 min 0.5
(a) Find the mean and the standard deviation of the finishing time in the race.
(b) The finishing time of Elaine in the race is 58 min. The result of Elaine is mistakenly not included
in the calculation of the mean and the standard deviation. Now, her result is added.
(i) Will the range of the finishing time change due to the addition of the result of Elaine?
(ii) Will the standard score of Cathy increase, decrease or remain unchanged due to the addition
of the result of Elaine? Explain your answer.
* 27. Let m and v be the mean and the variance of the five distinct numbers x1, x2, x3, x4 and m respectively.
(a) If the datum m is deleted, is there any change in the variance of the numbers? Explain your
answer.
(b) Let v' be the variance of the four numbers x1 + 5, x2 + 5, x3 + 5 and x4 + 5. Michael claims that
v' = v. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
(c) Let v" be the variance of the four numbers k x1, k x 2, k x3 and k x4, where k is a positive
real number. If v" = v, find the value of k.
* 28. The box-and-whisker diagram shows the distribution of the prices of 43 toys in a shop.
16 24 28 33 39
Price ($)
The mean and the standard deviation of the prices of the 43 toys are $ x and $σ1 respectively, where
σ1 > 0. Four new toys with prices $16, $20, $37 and $39 are added. After the addition, the mean and
the median of the prices of the 47 toys are the same.
(a) Find the value of x .
(b) The standard deviation becomes $σ2 after the addition, where σ2 > 0. It is given that the standard
score of the toy with price $39 decreases after the addition.
(i) The manager of the shop claims that each of the original 43 toys has a change in the
standard score. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
(ii) Suppose the price of one of the 47 toys is $ x and this toy is sold. The standard deviation of
the prices of the remaining 46 toys is $σ3, where σ3 > 0. Arrange σ1, σ2 and σ3 in ascending
order and explain your answer.
98
Answers
1. (a) range = 36, inter-quartile range = 15,
standard deviation = 10 7. (a) range = 18, inter-quartile range = 8,
(b) range = 36, inter-quartile range = 15, standard deviation = 5.57
standard deviation = 10 (b) (i) range = 54, inter-quartile range =
2. (a) range = 14, inter-quartile range = 9, 24,
standard deviation = 5 standard deviation = 16.7
(b) (i) range = 14, inter-quartile range = 9, (ii) range = 9, inter-quartile range = 4,
(ii) range = 14, inter-quartile range = 9, 8. (a) range = $24, inter-quartile range = $12,
standard deviation = 5 standard deviation = $8
(iii) range = 14, inter-quartile range = 9, (b) range = $16.8, inter-quartile range
standard deviation = 5 =$8.4,
3. (a) range = 6, inter-quartile range = 3, standard deviation = $5.6
standard deviation = 2 9. (a) range = 13, inter-quartile range = 6,
(b) (i) range = 6, inter-quartile range = 3, standard deviation = 4.30
standard deviation = 2 (b) (i) range = 13, inter-quartile range = 6,
(ii) range = 6, inter-quartile range = 3, standard deviation = 4
standard deviation = 2 (ii) range = 18, inter-quartile range =
4. (a) range = 11 cm, 11,
inter-quartile range = 7.5 cm, standard deviation = 6
standard deviation = 4 cm 10. (a) range = 28, inter-quartile range = 20,
(b) no standard deviation = 9.80
5. (a) range = 60, inter-quartile range = 40, (b) range = 28, inter-quartile range = 20,
(b) range = 3, inter-quartile range = 2, (c) range: decreased by 7,
standard deviation = 0.9 inter-quartile range: decreased by 12,
(c) range = 15, inter-quartile range = 10, standard deviation: decreased by 2.80
standard deviation = 4.5 11. (a) inter-quartile range = 5°C,
(d) range = 10.8, inter-quartile range = 7.2, standard deviation = 3.74°C
standard deviation = 3.24 (b) (i) inter-quartile range: increase,
6. (a) range = 16, inter-quartile range = 12, standard deviation: increase
standard deviation = 6 (ii) inter-quartile range: increase,
(b) (i) range = 32, inter-quartile range = standard deviation: increase
24, 12. (a) inter-quartile range = 16,
(ii) range = 8, inter-quartile range = 6, (b) inter-quartile range: yes,
standard deviation = 3 standard deviation: yes
(c) inter-quartile range = 12,
99
standard deviation = 7 19. (a) $66.3
13. (a) 0.5 cm (b) increased by $13.7
(b) less than 20. (a) range = 37, inter-quartile range = 14
(b) (i) range: yes, inter-quartile range: no
(ii) range: no, inter-quartile range: yes
14. (a) 1 m 21. (a) mean = $8.2, standard deviation = $1.5
(b) no (b) (i) $1.59
(c) yes (ii) no
15. (a) range = 13, inter-quartile range = 7, 22. (a) 4
standard deviation = 4.24 (b) (i) 4.2
(b) (i) range = 6.5, (ii) remain unchanged
inter-quartile range = 3.5, 23. (a) 58.8
standard deviation = 2.12 (b) (i) method 2
(ii) range = 39, (ii) yes
inter-quartile range = 21, 24. (a) 12
standard deviation = 12.7 (b) no
16. (a) range = 24, inter-quartile range = 12, (c) no
standard deviation = 6 25. (a) 8
(b) range = 4, inter-quartile range = 2, (b) range: remain unchanged,
standard deviation = 1 standard deviation: increase
17. (a) range = 48, inter-quartile range = 36, (c) decrease
standard deviation = 24 26. (a) mean = 58 min,
(b) range = 24, inter-quartile range = 18, standard deviation = 7 min
standard deviation = 12 (b) (i) no
(c) range = 20, inter-quartile range = 15, (ii) decrease
standard deviation = 10 27. (a) yes
18. (a) mean = 69, range = 17, (b) no
inter-quartile range = 12, 4
(c)
5
standard deviation = 6
28. (a) 28
(b) mean = 78.3, range = 11.9,
(b) (i) no
inter-quartile range = 8.4,
(ii) σ1 < σ2 < σ3
standard deviation = 4.2
100

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Name: ____________________ Class: __________( ) Date: ___________________

Chapter 10 Applications in Trigonometry

For mathematics problems consultation, please email to the following address:

○ Complete and Checked

○ Complete and Checked

Angle of Elevation and Angle of Depression

First express CD and

Relationship among Points, Straight Lines and Planes

6. In the figure, ABCDEFGH is a cube. Review Ex: 3−6 A D

RQ is the projection of PQ on plane π.

Objective: To apply the knowledge of trigonometry to solve problems in two dimensions.

Problems in Two Dimensions

Instant Example 1 Instant Practice 1

In △ABD, by the cosine formula, F H

AB 2 + AD 2 − BD 2 ∠EGH = ( )−( )=( )

1. In the figure, a balloon is at C. A and B lie on the same horizontal ground.

∠CAB = ( )−( )=( )

 Consolidation Exercise 10A

2. In the figure, two people at A and B observe a bus at D. C and D are A

5. In the figure, AB is a vertical building. BCD is a straight line on the A

of depression of C and D from A are 68° and 41° respectively. 68°

6. The figure shows a tree AC. B is a point on AC such that AB = 6 m. C A

8. In the figure, CD is a vertical building. ABD is a straight line on the C

9. In the figure, cities B and C are 86 km apart. The bearings of B and C N

km. The distance between A and C is 7 km.

the same horizontal ground. The height of AB is 27 m. The angles of

horizontal distance between the two buildings. 27 m

15. In the figure, AB is a flagpole standing vertically on the horizontal 15° C

(c) Bird A flies straight to P at an average speed of 11 m/s. Bird B

17. In the figure, EF is a river. AB and CD are two vertical buildings. C

20. In the figure, ABC is a triangular garden. B is 18 m from A. The C

(a) Find the distance between A and C. 67°

22. A logistics group owns three warehouses (A, B, C) and a triangular B

○ Complete and Checked

○ Complete and Checked

Angles and Lines in 3-dimensional Figures

Instant Example 1 Instant Practice 1

1. In the figure, ABCDEF is A D 2. The figure shows a right triangular A

3. In the figure, ABCDEF is a A B 4. In the figure, ABCDEFGH is a A B

In △( ), ( ) is the projection of B on ADE. B

 Consolidation Exercise 10B

3. The figure shows a cuboid ABCDEFGH. AB = 7 cm, BC = 9 cm and F E

4. In the figure, PABCD is a pyramid whose base ABCD is a rectangle. P

6. In the figure, ABCDEFGH is a cuboid. AB = 10 cm and DE = 12 cm. D 12 cm E

8. The figure shows a cube ABCDEFGH of side 5 cm. E H

11. The figure shows a tetrahedron ABCD. AB is perpendicular to the A

16. The figure shows a triangular pyramid ABCD. AD is perpendicular to A

17. The figure shows a right triangular prism ABCDEF. M is the F

(a) Find the length of CG.

24. The figure shows a tetrahedron ABCD. AD = 10 cm, BC = 6 cm, A

(a) Find ∠XGZ.

(a) Find the height (VX) of the wooden block.

○ Complete and Checked

○ Complete and Checked

Problems Involving Heights

Instant Example 1 Instant Practice 1

AB A =( ) m, cor. to 5 sig. fig.

1. In the figure, AB is a vertical tower. B, C and In ( ), by the ( ) formula,

P If QZ is found, PQ the lamp post.

Problems Involving Inclinations

Instant Example 1 Instant Practice 1

(a) The required inclination is ∠( ). (a)

Name: Class: ( ) Date: _