As a student, we always see math everywhere.

For example, imagine this picture of a swing moving back

and forth. When you look at it from the side, it draws an outline, a shape, perhaps? Is it some kind of arc
or part of a circle? Yes, we call it a parabola. Do you know that a parabola is a graph drawn by quadratic
equations? But first, let’s understand what exactly do we mean by the applications and the key concepts
of quadratic equations and quadratic functions.

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What is a quadratic equation?

Quadratic equations are second-degree algebraic expressions and are of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0. The
word "Quadratic" is derived from the word "Quad" which means square. In other words, a quadratic
equation is an “equation of degree 2.” There are many scenarios where a quadratic equation is used. Did
you know that when a rocket is launched, its path is described by a quadratic equation? Further, a
quadratic equation has numerous applications in physics, engineering, astronomy, etc.

A quadratic equation is an algebraic equation of the second degree in x. The quadratic equation in its
standard form is ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a and b are the coefficients, x is the variable, and c is the
constant term. The first condition for an equation to be a quadratic equation is the coefficient of x2 is a
non-zero term(a ≠ 0). For writing a quadratic equation in standard form, the x2 term is written first,
followed by the x term, and finally, the constant term is written. The numeric values of a, b, c are
generally not written as fractions or decimals but are written as integral values.

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Quadratic Formula

Quadratic Formula is the simplest way to find the roots of a quadratic equation. There are certain
quadratic equations that cannot be easily factorized, and here we can conveniently use this quadratic
formula to find the roots in the quickest possible way. The roots of the quadratic equation further help
to find the sum of the roots and the product of the roots of the quadratic equation. The two roots in the
quadratic formula are presented as a single expression.
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Methods to Solve Quadratic Equations

A quadratic equation can be solved to obtain two values of x or the two roots of the equation. There are
four different methods to find the roots of the quadratic equation. The four methods of solving the
quadratic equations are as follows.

 Using the quadratic formula (which we have seen already)

 Factoring
 Square Root Property
 Completing the Square

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 Solve Quadratic Equations Using the Square Root Property

How to solve a quadratic equation using the square root property.

1. Step 1. Isolate the quadratic term and make its coefficient one.

2. Step 2. Use Square Root Property.

3. Step 3. Simplify the radical.

4. Step 4. Check the solutions.

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Solve Quadratic Equations by Completing the Square

 How to Complete a Square

1. Step 1. Identify b, the coefficient of x.

2. Step 2. Find  , the number to complete the square.

3. Step 3. Add the  to x2 + bx

4. Step 4. Rewrite the trinomial as a binomial square
1. Separate ax² and bx from c.

2, Make the numerical coefficient of ax2 equal to 1 if a = 1.

3. Determine the square of one-half the numerical coefficient of x and then add the result to both
sides.

4. Factor the perfect square trinomial.

5. Apply the square root property and simplify if necessary.

6. Solve the resulting linear equation.

7. Check the result.

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 How to solve a quadratic equation of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0 by completing the

square.
1. Step 1. Divide by a to make the coefficient of x2 term 1.
2. Step 2. Isolate the variable terms on one side and the constant terms on
the other.

3. Step 3. Find  , the number needed to complete the square. Add it

to both sides of the equation.
4. Step 4. Factor the perfect square trinomial, writing it as a binomial squared
on the left and simplify by adding the terms on the right.
5. Step 5. Use the Square Root Property.
6. Step 6. Simplify the radical and then solve the two resulting equations.
7. Step 7. Check the solutions.

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 Solve Quadratic Equations Using the Quadratic Formula

  Quadratic Formula
o The solutions to a quadratic equation of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0, a≠0a≠0 are
given by the formula:

o How to solve a quadratic equation using the Quadratic Formula.

3. Step 1. Write the quadratic equation in standard form, ax2 + bx + c = 0. Identify

the values of a, b, c.
4. Step 2. Write the Quadratic Formula. Then substitute in the values of a, b, c.
5. Step 3. Simplify.
6. Step 4. Check the solutions.

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 Using the Discriminant, b2 − 4ac, to Determine the Number and Type of Solutions of a
Quadratic Equation
o For a quadratic equation of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0, a≠0,a≠0,
 If b2 − 4ac > 0, the equation has 2 real solutions.
 if b2 − 4ac = 0, the equation has 1 real solution.
 if b2 − 4ac < 0, the equation has 2 complex solutions.