Functions AA

The year at a glance...

What we still need to cover:

● Inverse functions
● Graphing without
technology
● Quadratic functions,
discriminant
● Reciprocal and rational
functions
● Exponential and
logarithmic functions
● Transformation of
functions (combinations)
 Functions Analysis & Approaches

Sl 2.1
Sl 2.5 Sl 2.9

Sl 2.6
Sl 2.2

Sl 2.10

Sl 2.7

Sl 2.11

Sl 2.3

Sl 2.8

Sl 2.4
Schedule
Date Topic Homework

Jan 14th Composition of functions,

inverse functions, completing
the square

Jan 16th Quadratic functions - use of Quadratic Functions

discriminant.
Quadratic inequalities

Jan 22nd Transformations of reciprocal, Review Package

rational, exponential, and
logarithmic functions.
Review

February 3rd Unit Test (ALL FUNCTIONS)

MyIMath Logins
Homework:
● Functions and Inverses
● Compositions of Functions Two
Composition and inverses:
You should be able to…
● Find the composition of two functions
● Find the value of the composition of two functions for a particular value of x
● Use the graph of a function to decide whether the function has an inverse
● Sketch the graph of the inverse of a function from the graph of a function
● Verify that two functions are inverses of each other
Composition of functions
You should know…
● The domain of is the range of and the range of is the domain of
● To find the inverse of a function analytically, simply switch the positions of x
and y and then solve the resulting equation for y
● A function is the inverse of if and only if
Composite functions
A composite function is made up Try some of these:
of two or more functions.
fg(x) means take g(x) and put it
into f(x).
Replace each x in f(x) with the
complete g(x).

gf(x) means take f(x) and put it

into g(x).
Replace each x in g(x) with the
complete f(x).
Inverse functions
The inverse of a function, is Another example:
reversing the operations of that
function.

Replace f(x) with ‘y=’

Now make x the subject of the

equation.

Finally replace y with x, and the x

with a f-1(x).
Inverse of quadratic equations
First, ensure that the equation is in
Try some of these:
the completed the square form.
Review of how to complete the square:
1. Introduce an = sign and
then eliminate c from the left
hand side.
2. Write down the value of
and and , keeping your
values as fractions.
3. Add to both sides of the
equation.
4. The left and side will now
factorise into .
5. Eliminate the number from
the right hand side and get
rid of the = sign you
introduced in 1.
Rearranging quadratic equation in the form where a is not
equal to 1.
1. Take the factor of a, out of your expression,
keeping your answers as fractions.
2. ‘Discard’ a for now. We will use it later. Treat
the inside of your bracket as an expression and
use the same method as before.
3. Introduce an = sign and then eliminate c from
the left hand side.
4. Write down the value of and , keeping
your values as fractions.
5. Add to both sides of the equation.
6. The left and side will now factorise into .
7. Eliminate the number from the right hand side
and get rid of the = sign.
8. Now multiply the equation out by a as shown in
the example.
Questions
Example

Consider the functions and

(a) Find

(b) Find

(c) Write down the domain of

Example continued…
Example continued…
Example continued…
Lesson 2 Starter:
For each of the following functions:
1. Find the inverse
2. Verify that you have found the inverse by finding
HINT:
Quadratic functions: You should be able to…
● Move confidently between the three different forms of a quadratic function
(standard form, vertex form, factored form)
● Extract important information about the graph of a quadratic function from
its equation
● Solve quadratic equations using a variety of techniques including
factorization, the quadratic formula or the GDC

● Write equations of quadratic functions given information about their graphs

● Use the discriminant to determine the nature of the roots of a
quadratic function.

● Solve quadratic inequalities

 Different forms of writing quadratic functions:

Standard
form not
shown here!
 Solving a quadratic
A quadratic can only be solved if there is an = sign in the equation,
otherwise it is an expression.
List all the methods you know to solve a quadratic equation.

Factorise (bring in brackets)

Use the formula:

Graph it using your GDC

and find the roots.

Completing the square

(covered last class).
 Factorising
Factorising requires finding common factors and adding
brackets.
Find 2 numbers that:

Add to give -7 and multiply to give +12

This will give -3 and -4.
This is used when we have harder expressions to factorise.

Divide the function by a

Find 2 numbers whose product is ac
and whose sum is b.
ac=6,b=-7, two numbers are -6 and -1
These numbers factorise with each
bracket starting with ax, and finish with
the two numbers from above.
Now take out any common factors from
the any of the brackets and cancel with
the denominator.
Now we have our final answer.
 Solving after factorising
Now to solve quadratics that have been factorised:
This is the equation we have already factorised.
Take the first bracket, make it equal to 0 and
solve.
Do the same with second bracket, make it
equal to 0 and solve.
Now solve the second quadratic we had.

The answers
and
are:
Reflection
● If a quadratic function has only one zero, what is the maximum or minimum
value of the function? Explain.
● If a quadratic function has a maximum value that is greater than 0, how
many zeros does the function have? Explain.
 Using a graph to solve equations Quadratic
functions can
have two roots,
one root, or no
Look at where the roots.
quadratic curve = 0
(y=0)

Solution: x=3
Solution: x=-2
 Using the quadratic formula
A quadratic formula is given as
a, b, and c are the coefficients, the given numbers.
Use the to give 2
formula: answers.
Try using the formula to solve the quadratic:
a=2, b=-7, c=3

Final answers are and

Completing the square when a=1
1. Introduce an = sign and
then eliminate c from the left
hand side.
2. Write down the value of
and and , keeping your
values as fractions.
3. Add to both sides of the
equation.
4. The left and side will now
factorise into .
5. Eliminate the number from
the right hand side and get
rid of the = sign you
introduced in 1.
Completing the square (vertex form)
1. Take the factor of a, out of your expression,
keeping your answers as fractions.
2. ‘Discard’ a for now. We will use it later. Treat
the inside of your bracket as an expression and
use the same method as before.
3. Introduce an = sign and then eliminate c from
the left hand side.
4. Write down the value of and , keeping
your values as fractions.
5. Add to both sides of the equation.
6. The left and side will now factorise into .
7. Eliminate the number from the right hand side
and get rid of the = sign.
8. Now multiply the equation out by a as shown in
the example.
Questions
Answers:
 Using graphs to find equations
The graph below shows a quadratic, y=a(x-h)2+k.
The minimum point of the graph is (h,-8).
Find the values of a, h, and k. The axis of symmetry is
mid-way between the roots.
h=3
k represents the y-coordinate
at the minimum point.
k=-8
Use a set of coordinates from
the graph to find a.
x=1, y=0.
0=a(1-3)2-8
4a=8
a=2
y=2(x-3)2-8
 Use the quadratic formula to find the roots to each of the functions below.
Copy and complete this table in your notes.
Function Solutions Number of
solutions

Quadratic formula:
You should have now found the following facts:

2 solutions

1 repeated
solution

0 solutions
Using the discriminant to solve typical examination questions 1

As there is 1 repeated solution use

the highlighted formula.

Find the value(s) of k in the following

quadratic given the quadratic has 1
repeated solution.
Using the discriminant to solve typical examination questions 2
As there are 2 solutions use the
highlighted formula

Find the range of values for k in the and

following quadratic given the
quadratic has 2 solutions. Be careful with the negative answer,
and the change of sign.
Using the discriminant to solve typical examination questions 3
As there are 0 solutions use the
highlighted formula.

Find the range of values for k in the

following quadratic given the and
quadratic has 0 solutions.
Again, be careful with the negative
answer, and the change of sign.
Practice:

Answers:
Learning Check:
Let

(a) Write down the coordinates of the vertex of the curve of

(b) Given that , find the value of a.

(c) Find the y-intercept of the curve of .

Example continued…
● (a) Write down the coordinates of the vertex of the curve of
Example continued…
● (b) Given that , find the value of a.
Example continued…
● (c) Find the y-intercept of the curve of .
Quadratic Inequalities

You can use any method to solve an inequality, use the one that is easiest to
you. If the question is on paper 2, use your GDC to make a sketch of the
graph.
Rather than writing the inequality in general form,
you can also plot both sides of the inequality on a
GDC and find the appropriate bounds.

Try it yourself:
Quadratic Functions Homework Due Jan 22nd
Lesson 3: Transformations of functions:

● Reciprocal
● Rational
● Exponential
● Logarithmic
Function Transformations - Review

● The function can have the following forms

● Each parameter (a, b, c, d) and ‘-’ sign have a different effect on the graph
of the ‘parent’ or ‘base’ function
Communicate Your Understanding
● Identify the combination of transformations on that results in the
given function
(a) (b)

● Describe how you would graph the function

● Describe how you would graph the function

This function will stretch the graph of f(x) vertically away from the x-axis by a
factor of 2. As such, all points (x, y) will be mapped onto (x, 2y).
This function will stretch the graph of f(x) horizontally away from the y-axis by a
factor of 2. As such, all points (x, y) will be mapped onto (2x, y).
This function will translate the graph of f(x) horizontally to the right by 3 units.
As such, all points (x, y) will be mapped onto (x + 3, y). Notice that the shape
of the graph does not change.
The graph of is shown below.

(d) The point A(3, –1) is on the graph of f. The point A’ is the corresponding
point on the graph of . Find the coordinates of A’.
This function will reflect the graph of f(x) in the x-axis, translate it to the left by
1 unit and down by 2 units. As such, all points (x, y) will be mapped onto
(x – 1, –y – 2). Therefore, (3, –1) becomes (3 – 1, –(–1) – 2) = (2, –1). So A’
has coordinates (2, –1).
Reciprocal Functions
Reciprocal functions are of the
form y=1/x
Practice:
Answers:
Finding horizontal asymptotes:
● Rewrite the rational function as a series of transformations on the reciprocal
function:
Finding horizontal asymptotes:
● Algebraically method 1:
Finding horizontal asymptotes
● Algebraically method #2 -
find the inverse function
and then find the vertical
asymptote.
Practice:
Answers:
Exponential functions
Practice:
Modelling with exponential equations:
Logarithmic functions:
Functions Review
● Properties of functions
● Transformations of functions
● Linear and quadratic functions
● Rational functions
● Exponential and logarithmic functions
 Functions Analysis & Approaches

Sl 2.1
Sl 2.5 Sl 2.9

Sl 2.6
Sl 2.2

Sl 2.10

Sl 2.7

Sl 2.11

Sl 2.3

Sl 2.8

Sl 2.4
Intro to functions review
Transformations Review
Answers
Quadratics Review
Reciprocal and rational functions
 Answers:

Rational functions:
Answers: