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INTERNATIONAL GCSE
GEOGRAPHY
Paper 2 Challenges in the Human Environment

Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes

Materials For Examiner’s Use
For this paper you must have:
• a ruler with millimetre measurements Question Mark
• a calculator, which you are expected to use where appropriate. 1
2
Instructions
3
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. 4
• Answer all questions in Sections A and B. TOTAL
• Answer one question from Section C, either Question 3 or Question 4.
• You must answer the questions in the spaces provided.
Do not write outside the box around each page or on blank pages.
• If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of
this book. Write the question number against your answer(s).
• All working must be shown.
• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked.

Information
• The maximum mark for this paper is 80.
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• You may use a bilingual dictionary for this exam.
• You may not use an English dictionary.

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Do not write
outside the
Section A – Urban issues and challenges box

Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

You must answer all questions in this section.

For the multiple-choice questions, shade the circle next to the correct answer.
CORRECT METHOD WRONG METHODS

If you want to change your answer you must cross out your original answer as shown.

If you wish to return to an answer previously crossed out, ring the answer you now wish to select
as shown.

0 1 . 1 Which of the following is correct?

Shade one circle only.

A megacity is a city with a population of at least:

[1 mark]

A 5 million

B 10 million

C 15 million

D 20 million

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Study Figure 1, a map showing megacities of the world in 2018 and 2030 (predicted). box

Figure 1

0 1 . 2 Describe the location of the new megacities (2030) shown in Figure 1.

[2 marks]

0 1 . 3 Give two push factors of migration.

[2 marks]

Question 1 continues on the next page

Turn over ►

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0 1 . 4 ‘International migration has played an important part in developing the character of the box

world’s cities.’

Discuss this statement with reference to either London or New York.

[4 marks]

Study Figure 2, a bar chart showing average additional travel time (%) in the ten most
congested cities in Asia (2019).

Figure 2

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0 1 . 5 Complete the bar chart in Figure 2 using the information below. box

[1 mark]

City Average additional travel time

Ho Chi Minh City 24%

0 1 . 6 Which of the following is correct?

Shade one circle only.

The percentage average additional travel time in Bangalore is:

[1 mark]

A 20%

B 30%

C 40%

D 50%

0 1 . 7 Suggest why managing traffic congestion in cities is a challenge.

[4 marks]

Question 1 continues on the next page

Turn over ►

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Study Figure 3, a photograph showing an example of urban greening. box

Figure 3

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0 1 . 8 ‘Urban greening is good for both people and the local environment.’ box

Explain this statement.

Use Figure 3 and your own understanding.

[6 marks]

Question 1 continues on the next page

Turn over ►

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0 1 . 9 To what extent are urban planning strategies improving the quality of life for the urban box

poor?

Use an example from either a LIC or a NEE you have studied.

[9 marks]

Extra space

30

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outside the
Turn over for the next section box

DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE

ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED

Turn over ►

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outside the
Section B – The changing economic world box

Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

You must answer all questions in this section.

Study Figure 4, a table showing the number of doctors per 1000 people for selected
countries.

Figure 4

Country Doctors per 1000 people

Bangladesh 0.6
Burkina Faso 0.1
China 2.0
France 3.3
Germany 4.2
India 0.9
Thailand 0.8
UK 2.8
USA 2.6

0 2 . 1 Use Figure 4 to identify which one of the following statements is correct.

Shade one circle only.

[1 mark]

A China has fewer doctors per 1000 people than India.

B Germany has the highest number of doctors per 1000 people.

C The UK has the same number of doctors per 1000 people as the USA.

D The USA has more doctors per 1000 people than France.

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0 2 . 2 Suggest two limitations of using the data in Figure 4 to compare levels box

of development.
[2 marks]

Study Figure 5, a graph showing the share of global manufacturing output for China
and the USA (2004–2018).

Figure 5

0 2 . 3 Compare the share of global manufacturing output of China and the USA from
2004 to 2018.
[2 marks]

Question 2 continues on the next page

Turn over ►

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0 2 . 4 Suggest two ways that the development of manufacturing industry can encourage box

economic development.
[2 marks]

Study Figure 6, a bar chart showing the value of international Fairtrade products
2004–2018.

Figure 6

0 2 . 5 Explain how Fairtrade can reduce the development gap.

Use Figure 6 and your own knowledge.

[4 marks]

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0 2 . 6 ‘Transnational corporations (TNCs) create more advantages than disadvantages for box

host countries.’

To what extent do you agree with this statement?

Use an example from either a LIC or a NEE to answer the question.

[9 marks]

Extra space

20

Turn over ►

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Section C – Global issues box

Water and energy resources or Population and communication

You must answer one question from this section, either Question 3 or Question 4.

Question 3 – Water and energy resources

Study Figure 7, a map showing the percentage of deaths from using unsafe water
resources (2017).

Figure 7

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0 3 . 1 ‘There are significant global differences in the number of deaths from using unsafe box

water resources.’

Use Figure 7 to discuss this statement.

[4 marks]

0 3 . 2 Suggest two reasons why some countries have higher levels of unsafe water.
[2 marks]

0 3 . 3 Suggest how water shortages might affect food production.

[4 marks]

Turn over ►

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0 3 . 4 State what is meant by water conservation and water recycling. box

[2 marks]

Water conservation

Water recycling

Study Figure 8, information about the global consumption of renewable energy

between 1999 and 2019.

Figure 8

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outside the
0 3 . 5 Describe the change to the global consumption of renewable energy between box

1999 and 2019.

[2 marks]

0 3 . 6 Complete the pie chart using the information in the table below.
[2 marks]

Region Renewable energy consumption 2019 (%)

North America 25
Others 7

0 3 . 7 Give two examples of renewable energy sources.

[2 marks]

Turn over ►

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0 3 . 8 Explain how a renewable energy scheme has provided sustainable energy for a local box

community.

Use an example you have studied from either a LIC or a NEE.

[6 marks]

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Question 3 continues on the next page box

DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE

ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED

Turn over ►

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Study Figure 9, photographs showing an open cast coal mine and a large-scale box
hydro-electricity power scheme.

Figure 9

Open cast coal mine

Hydro-electricity power scheme

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0 3 . 9 ‘Energy exploitation always creates environmental costs.’ box

To what extent do you agree with this statement?

Use Figure 9 and your own understanding.

[6 marks]

30

Turn over for the next question

Turn over ►

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Question 4 – Population and communication box

Study Figure 10, a map showing global differences in fertility rates (2020).

Figure 10

0 4 . 1 ‘There are significant global differences in fertility rates.’

Use Figure 10 to discuss this statement.

[4 marks]

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0 4 . 2 Suggest two reasons why some countries have higher fertility rates. box

[2 marks]

0 4 . 3 Suggest how population change might affect the balance between population and
resources.
[4 marks]

0 4 . 4 In relation to international migration, state what is meant by economic migrants and

asylum seekers.
[2 marks]

Economic migrants

Asylum seekers

Question 4 continues on the next page

Turn over ►

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Do not write
outside the
Study Figure 11, a graph showing income from the call centre industry in India box
between 2015 and 2025 (predicted).

Figure 11

0 4 . 5 Describe the change in income from the call centre industry in India between
2015 and 2025 (predicted).
[2 marks]

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0 4 . 6 Complete the pie chart using the information in the table below. box

[2 marks]

Region New call centre jobs 2020 (%)

Western Europe 6
Others 6

Question 4 continues on the next page

Turn over ►

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0 4 . 7 Explain how the development of ICT has led to global growth in the number of call box

centres.
[6 marks]

0 4 . 8 Identify two ways that the development of air transport has increased trade
opportunities.
[2 marks]

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Question 4 continues on the next page box

DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE

ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED

Turn over ►

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Study Figure 12, a photograph of an industrial port. box

Figure 12

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0 4 . 9 ‘The development of ports can create significant economic development box

opportunities.’

To what extent do you agree with this statement?

Use Figure 12 and your own understanding.

[6 marks]

30

END OF QUESTIONS

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There are no questions printed on this page box

DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE

ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED

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box
Question Additional page, if required.
number Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin.

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box
Question Additional page, if required.
number Write the question numbers in the left-hand margin.

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