Recap

Aircraft Materials & Structures, plates, beams

Aerospace Structures - Lec 15: How do you find the stress & deformation in a thin plate?
Assymetric Bending of beams
Solve GDE+ B.C to obtain w , then Moments, Shear forces, Stress
Alternate Method: Energy principle–PSTP
Anup S. Buckling ?
Aerospace Engineering, Buckling: Neutral equilibrium
Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology
Thiruvananthapuram Different Eigen values correspond to different modes
Bifurcation of an initial configuration of equilibrium (corresponding
25/02/2022 to the neutral equilibrium) occurs when ∆Π = 0
Obtain Nx , CR
Rectangular plate may buckle in different modes depending on a/b

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Bending of open and closed thin-walled beams Symmetric vs Assymetric bending

Aircraft–assembly of stiffened shell structures
Eg: Single cell closed section fuselage, multicellular wings & tail
Other, smaller portions of the structure

P P

Stiffens the thin skins of cellular components & provide support for
internal loads from floors, engine mountings
These-open section; cellular components–closed section beams
Both types subjected to axial, bending, shear & torsional loads
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 y

B
P(x, y )
σz on δA at P(x, y )
ξ
Assymetric bending C
h Mx
x
σ z = E ϵz (1)
My
Methodology B

ξ
Plane sections remain plane =⇒ ϵz = ρ

Eξ
=⇒ σz =
ρ

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Only bending moments applied

B
Z
P(x, y )
σz dA = 0
A ξ ξ = x sin α + y cos α (2)
x
C
Z
Eξ α
=⇒ dA = 0 Mx
A ρ My
Z
=⇒ ξ dA = 0 B
A

E
Neutral axis passes through the centroid of the cross-section σz = (x sin α + y cos α) (3)
ρ
Z Z
Mx = σz y dA; My = σz x dA (4)
A A

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 Z Z Z
2 2
Ixx = y dA, Iyy = x dA, Ixy = xy dA,
A A A
    
E sin α 1 −Ixy Ixx Mx
Substituting for σz , = (6)
ρ cos α 2
Ixx Iyy − Iyy Iyy −Ixy My
Z Z
E sin α E cos α
Mx = xy dA + y 2 dA
ρ A ρ A Substituting in the equation for σz
My Ixx − Mx Ixy Mx Iyy − My Ixy
E sin α E cos α σz = ( 2
)x + ( 2
)y
Mx = Ixy + Ixx Ixx Iyy − Ixy Ixx Iyy − Ixy
ρ ρ
Mx (Iyy y − Ixy x) My (Ixx x − Ixy y )
= 2
+ 2
Ixx Iyy − Ixy Ixx Iyy − Ixy
E sin α E cos α
My = Iyy + Ixy
ρ ρ If My = 0, Mx produces a stress which varies with both x and y;
In matrix form similarly if Mx = 0
    
Mx E Ixy Ixx sin α
= (5)
My ρ Iyy Ixy cos α

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Neutral axis Special Cases

If Cx or Cy is an axis of symmetry, Ixy =0 and Cxy are principal axes

Mx (Iyy y − Ixy x) My (Ixx x − Ixy y ) Mx My

σz = + =0 σz = y+ x (7)
2
Ixx Iyy − Ixy 2
Ixx Iyy − Ixy Ixx Iyy

This gives,
If My or Mx =0,

My Ixx − Mx Ixy Mx My
tanα = σz = y or σz = x (8)
Mx Iyy − My Ixy Ixx Iyy

Equations 7 & 8, Only for a singly symmetrical cross-section

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Thank You

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