Sanitation Safety Plan

2.9 Potential exposure groups

The exposure groups are:
• Waste and sanitation workers, including people responsible for FS collection,
transportation (mechanical and manual) and treatment, municipality sanitation workers
who are engaged in cleaning drains and transporting organic waste to the FSTP (W),
• Farmers who are using the ‘Sakhi compost’ to grow produce (F),
• Local community living near open drains where there is a risk of overflowing during
monsoon, living near the FSTP who may be passively affected, who have poor FS
containment systems in their household (L) and
• Consumers who are consuming produce grown by farmers who use ‘Sakhi Compost’ (C).

2.10 Compliance and contextual information

The important sources of compliance and contextual information were: national effluent quality
standards for sewage discharges, national sludge management guidelines, historical weather
records etc. The compliance and contextual information is summarised in the following Table 2.3:

Table 2.3: Compliance and contextual information of Sakhipur municipality for sanitation
value chain
Information
Summary of key observations
sources

Standards, regulations and guidelines

According to Clause No. 10 of the SWM Regulations 2021, the municipality has
some specific responsibilities for the proper management of solid waste in an
environment-friendly and hygienic manner. A solid waste management plan should
be formulated as outlined in Table 1 of SWM Regulations 2021 by following national
strategy and guidelines on solid waste management including waste reduction,
reuse, and recycling. Guidelines should also be issued by the municipality in terms of
dumping and storing of organic waste. The guidelines should be regularly monitored
for ensuring proper compliance. The sanitation value chain should be managed in
accordance with the principles mentioned in Clause No. 6 (SWM Regulations 2021).
Domestic solid waste and waste, faeces, excreta lifted from drains and sewers should
be disposed in areas which are not exposed to the citizens of the municipality. The
disposed organic waste should be transported to the treatment plan in a covered
Responsibility of manner. Initiatives should also be undertaken in terms of processing, determination
municipality as per of suitability for reuse and final disposal of the organic waste in an environmentally
friendly and hygienic manner by maintaining the procedures and standards specified
the Solid Waste
in Schedule 2 and 3 (SWM Regulations 2021). Composting measures should be
Management (SWM)
ensured for the organic waste collected from residential areas, hotels, restaurants,
2021 entertainment centers, parks, educational institutions, offices, commercial areas,
industries, slaughterhouses, fisheries, fruit and vegetable markets or farms for
producing resources such as fertiliser. Joint ventures with the government and
private institutions and need-based arrangements such as, free transportation of
organic waste should be undertaken by the municipality.

Clauses No. 7 and 8 of the SWM Regulations 2021 also specify the waste
management responsibilities of the municipality’s waste generators (residents and
organisations). Waste should not be disposed of in the user’s own yard, nearby
roadways, ditches, drains, or the open environment. Instead, the organic waste
should be composted by digging a hole in the ground and storing it or disposed
of and transported appropriately so the waste may be composted at designated
treatment plants.

Description of the Sanitation System 20