Sanitation Safety Plan

3.1 Identification of hazards and hazardous events

Hazards and their associated hazardous events at each step along the sanitation chain were
identified for Sakhipur municipality within its SSP boundary. These are described in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1: Identification of hazard and hazardous event for Sakhipur municipality
Hazard identification
Sanitation step
Hazardous event Hazard

All microbial
Exposure to raw sewage in open drains during maintenance, repair pathogens
and cleaning activities by the sanitation worker
Hookworm

All microbial
Exposure to raw sewage due to overflowing drains during pathogens
waterlogging periods
Hookworm
Drainage system
Ingestion of contaminated groundwater due to leakage from drains All microbial
into shallow groundwater pathogens

Ingestion of contaminated groundwater due to leakage from drains All microbial

into shallow groundwater during waterlogging pathogens

Mosquito breeding in stagnant water enhances transmission of Vector-related

malaria and dengue diseases

Bad odours cause unease Malodor

Ingestion of contaminated groundwater due to leakage from All microbial

temporary pits into shallow groundwater pathogens
Containment
system Ingestion of contaminated groundwater due to leakage from All microbial
unlined pit latrines, open-bottom septic tanks pathogens

All microbial
Exposure to raw sewage due to overflowing pits and septic tanks (to pathogens
drains, khals) when full
Hookworm

All microbial
Exposure to raw sewage in pits and septic tanks during manual
pathogens
emptying (pumping and manual extraction, transfer to local drains
and temporary pits) Hookworm

All microbial
Exposure to raw sewage during vacuum tanker operation pathogens

Hookworm
Emptying FS
Bad odours cause unease Malodour

All microbial
pathogens
Falling into open pit
Hookworm

Bodily injury

Identification of hazardous events, assessment of existing control measures and exposure risks 26