\

Quantitative Aptitude

AVERAGE S
Wt' olk'n hl\11' ,1boul lhl' t0nn ,w01-.1gl'. Ftw l',,1mpit', ,1"l'1-.1g0 scclt'l' oi Dhoni is .f.(). lt dc~s nc•t mt'.m
th,1t t'V l'l')' tinll' hl' gcws to b.11 , ht' scor1.'S 4b runs . &1nwtim1.'S hi.' m.1y scol't' c~ntury .m d S(' 01t'bm~
lw m ,1y bt' nut ,11 duel-. (i.1'. 0). It simply ml.',ms that on .111 .1,·('1-.1g-1.' hi.' scon.-s 46 runs. \\\_, t\' .1h:t> th.1t
,1wr.1gl' is .1 numb0r that 1~pr0s1.'nts tlw C1.'nlr.1l Vl1lue of list of numbers (c,bsen at ions).
t\n ,n·0r.1g0 of II observ.1tions x 1, .r2, .r3, ... , x,, is ddinl.'d as

Avc1-.1g1.' = ·1·1+ .r2 + .r~ + ... + .r,,

II

Sum of all obscn,ations

i.l.'. Avc'rugc = - - - - - - - - .
Nmnber of observtltion

Note
Avcrugc is also known as mean.

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES

Example 1. Fi11d t!,e avl.'mgt! offirst 10 11nt11ml 1111111bas.

Solution. First 10 natural numbers are: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.
1+ 2 + 3+4+5 + 6+7 +8+9+10 55
Avcragc = - -
10 10
= 5.5
So, the uveragc of first 10 natural numbers is 5.5.

Example 2. The mwage of fimr 1111111bcrs is 80. if first tlm·c 1111111licrs an.· SO, 90 a111i IC..), fimi ti,,· fimrtl,
1111111ba.
Solution. Let the fourth number be x.
80 = 80 + 90 + 100 + .r
4
⇒ 80 X 4 = 270 + X
⇒ X =320 - 270 =50
The fourth number is 50.

Example 3. The avm,gt score of" ,,.,,,,_Jo, first 8 badllfa. is 75 naes. (ltt sc:o~ SO ,m,i ltX> nm., i,i
11i11th and tenth inn' _ _,_... · .,.PNC..
Solution. Gi
:. 5-
Sos
 - fO
Hence,
theJ1erage sco
1
,rJS
·~l\'f mark, J
4 77,r,11'< '·

. . gs is 78 runs.
. re of 10 ,nnm
,t11de1
. c1j bl/
rk, abta111
1ts
. 8th
s1t1de11/.

. .
. 45 !fnvemgc mnrks offi,st 8 sludc 11ts is 48
IS .
ond
lha1n1 j
vi I

Weig hted Average

When a ll the ob<,crvations in a data set
instc•.icJ o f s imple averc1gc. The weig hted
arc not of equal impo rtanc e, we calcu late
avera ge is simil ar to simp le avera ge.
n in a data set is assig ned a weig ht accor

weig hted avera ge

ding to their
[t,mple;_· 1.·' ",12,fi ud the ma · of 15 stude nts is 45. f1o r weig hted c1verage each obser vatio
( marks are only numb ers
.,; .111,,111 · do not have any physical units . Weights
rion. Gn en, a1crage _oed b} I,;·· stud en ts = 15 x 45
= 675. re la ti ve level o f im porta nce. The weig hts
integ ers.
So Iu . r' , obtam
·'8 ex press ed in perce n tages, decim a ls or corre spond ing
c,,, ,umot
ma"'·. . 8 students ,s., of obser vatio ns x 1, x 2, x31 •.• , x,, with
ts o= 8 x 48 = 384. Form a ll y the weig hted avera ge of a set
,H-.o, ,111.'rage of f,r.,t . ,db fir,t 81itud en non-n ega ti ve weig h ts w 1, w2, W;y ... , wn
respe ctive ly 1s
mirk,obta1m )
::, ,um nf ' .. ,p
. f I . t /l ,tudl'nt!> is ~ + W3X3 + ... + WnXn
_,, b , last 8 stude nts =8 x 42 =336.
_ W1X1 I- W2X2
a,
and a1wagfe oark-- Xw
0bt,1meu \ W1 + W2 + W3 + ... + Wn
0
336) - 675 = 720 - 675 = 45
~. The
sum m · . ed t1) Bth •,tudent = •(384 +
mark., 0btam
II
L w,x,
'.
Hl'nCl', the mar"--'
0btamed b1·• 8th stude n t is 45. ·
I .e.
-
X,v = -/c 11l - -
nts was calculated as , L w1
. 11It, a·wiw by a c!nss of 40 stude
,, i• marks scored
• . /= I
le 5 /11 an ttl1111111a Ium '
48 m stead 0'Ir94 · Fz'n,J72
faamp
JA/rr /In, i,, 11
.. 1/. rm.,·d~1n••1 ~111111,c uuirk,• 0'Ir 011 e sl11de11/ were wrongly copied as Note then weig hted
obser vatio ns are of equal impo rtanc e
rnrrt'd mirrasr (i) If all the weig h ts are equal i.e. all the
incom'Ct sum of marks of 40 students avera ge is sa me as simp le avera ge.
Solution. A1erage = o accur ate than simp le avera ge.
4 (ii) Weighted avera ge is some times more
-, inromxt sum of marks of 40 students
, ~.5= 40
criterion for grading a student for annual result:
Exam ple 7. A school follows the following
72.5 x 40 = 2900.
~ mcom,ct ,um of marks of 40 stude nts= Assessment I Weightage
d as 48 ins tead of 84, so
Since the marh of one student were wrongly copie 25%
+ 84 = 2936. Homework I
corn.'CI ~um of mark, of 40 stude nts= 2900 - 48
Quiz 30%
2936 = 73.4
Corrt'CI mean=
40 I 10
Test I
a month ly test are:
faample 6. 11U' marks obtained by 15 students in I 35%
13, 15 Final exams
11, 09, 07, 03, 18, 21, 13, 15, 18, 04, 06, 17, 22,
(r) Find the average marks of 15 studen ts.
I 100%
ir) Find tire averaoe 0 r II · ks I in te;;ts
each stude nt are increased by 2. in homework, 71 marks in cla.,s qui.:, 97 marks
,. 'I reir mar w 1en the marks of In his Maths submission, f ay scored 88 marks in
Soluhon. (1) The ~um of marks of all 15 students
. in the final exams. H7wt i.., Joy's annual result
conducted throughout the session and 90 marks
= l1 + 9 + 7 + 3 + 18 21 + 15 Ma thematics?
= 192 + + 13 + 15 + 18 + 4 + 6 + 17 + 22 + 13
x = + 90 x 35
BB x 25 + 71 x 30 + 97 x 10
Solut ion.
25 + 30 + 10 + 35
Average marks= ~ = 12 w
15 .8
(i1) \\'hen the marks of e h .
2200 + 2130 + 970 + 3150 8450 = 8-!.50
100
b -. ac student are in mcreases 100
Y I, "2 1.e. by 30. creased by 2, then the sum of th eir m arks .
Hen ce, Joy score d 84.5% in his annu al result
. The nc•w sum of marks
of all students = 192 + 30 = 222
Th
e new average marks= ~ - Average spee d and average velocity t distan ce and
avera ge veloc ity w e m us t know abou
Notes 15 - 14.8 To unde rstan d avera ge speed and
1. A v i : r a g ~ l w d isplac emen t. ed durin g
to how much grou nd an objec t has cover
2 c-en max·
imum and minimum Distance. It is a scala r quan tity that refers
. If xis added to ea
ch observation the va lu es of given se t of o bservations. its motio n.
3. If x ;~ ~ubt
racted from each obse ." ' average increases by x
rva tion, then av .
...- --_ ,
3 .
~~ ---A-
~ r>T>lied :Miiih-:;--... ..
-.__- ----.. .: <ma11c~,x ,

erage d ecrea ses by x.

.4 ~;r:- ,-i,.., .....,r ntt;, -r.~
- - - - - -i'.. ~
 , n l'I~ ,t d1,1,111n: ~ ,, v.
11
in1 , ~•·••'"'" 1i111•,11 h ,1 1 ( (ht't' ,1d jol1111 1g 11 g 11w1 " " .. ·· ·· - - - - - : ; : , - - - - - -- -~ ,,v1·11 l11t.il y1•,11ly ••~ 111 •11d lt111 1• f'/11 l,tld 1
1
,1 q, 1<1' 1,,11,•ll1•d hf 1h1· nhJ1'1 I All I ti( A
111111 1 y1•,11 ly "' " 11t1111~ 11!1) l,,~lr I 1/11 la! Ir 7 1'.II) l,1~1 1
r, Il l
1 11 'I/II , ,
1111 f 1111 7 Ill i\v1•1,11•,•• 11 11,11tl 1ly 1•,111t111w1 - f II l,,~lr t Jt, I,'/ l,,~lr
/111' d1,pl,111•1111·11 I of lht• ohlt't I /\( r, 111.
l!,1J111pl1• I I, '/,,,, /l //l'fll/11' 11/ 1 /ll/'1///111• /11/1',l(l'f• '~ 111 1111' /Jlxlw•I /111,•wr '" I J //111/ tit,•/1,1111•11/ /111,•wr /q 111
A11•1,1i;1• 'l'l't~I ,ind ,11·1•1,1w· Vl' IOI 1ty ,in• 1lt•l11wd ,,~·
'/ Ill' dl//1•11•1111• /w/101•1•11 /Ill' r,•11111/11 /111< / (1)11 /11 /1'/{l' f# ,~ IH 1·11,,1/Ill' r,•11111/11/11:✓• 1111,•w r~.
• ,,, ,
,,,,•·I C 1111,1 1di, l,1111'1' 1, ,11 ,•llt'd
l\'t'I l•'t'
d 1111d 8oh1tl1111 , f ,lv,•11 1 hlglr,·~l l11 11•w·1 71, l11w,, ,t l11 l1•r,,•r , l'I 101d 11 vn,11:•· 'Yi
1111,1 1111111• ti1k1 •11
l,,•I 1111• 11•1r11il11 l111; lwo l1111 -v,,•r~ lw x, x I Iii, tlwn
I . 1111,11 tlispl,m•1111·11t
,ll t'r,lgt: ll' t10I)' ■ 1t1t,1I timt• l,1 k1•11 11v1•r,,1;•· ~""' 11( 11ll i/ l11t1•w•r~
,J
1umpl~ ti. An an/ i; 11111!'III~' ,m11111d 11 m111 /or 1101/t of rntli11s .L'i Cl/I 1111d /11k,•~
· 'l hl'Cflllt/~ I
7'! I r I X I 1111 JI/
J 1('1J('l/11lic>11 . / md ,,,.. t1ffrasr '/'n'" 1111d flll('r/1,~C velocit y of (II/ / , II rm11p/1 C", 1'J
4
Solution. Tntal timl' t,1h·n 1 'L'C'ond~ ~ 2x 1I J{) l 'i6
Total dist.ir1lt' trJnlkd by Jn l 2X 4(, H 23
=ornm1 kl\'nn• of the circuln r pnth I lcnce, the rcm~inin g two int1•g<'r11 Ml' 23, 23 ~ J/j Lr. 23, 41
= :!:ir = 2 x T x 3.5 (given r ~ 3.5 cm) 0
EXERCISE 3.1
= 22cm
1. Pind the mean of firs t twe lve natu r.il numbers.
Anira,,e ,,,,,--' = Total distance
o - r - ~-u ,
travelled = -22 cm / sec
Total llme taken 3 2. Find the average o f first &even od d prime numbers.
I,
3. Find the mean of the (posi ti ve) facto rs of 24.
= 7.!.
3 cm/sec
·- 4. 5 people were asked abo ut the time in a w eek they spt-nd in doing ,,ocidl work in their
:,.;'ow, total di,placement = ocm (as th e uuhal
. . . and fin a l positions O f communi ty. They repli ed 10, 7, 13, 20 and 15 hOUJs, respectively. Fin d the <1verage tim e in a
A1erage ,·elocity = Total displacement _ o ant are same) week d evoted by them for social work.
TotaJ time ta ken - 3 cm / sec 5. The mean of 6 observations is 17.5. If five of them are 14, 9, 23, 25 and IO, find the sixth
= 0 cm/sec. observation.
6. The average of 25 observations is 27. If one observation is inclu ded , the average sti ll remains
Example 9. 5 years ago, the average age of the 3 children of Mr Pandey was 8 years. A new baby is born in
the family now. Find the present average age of the children. 27. Find the included observation.
7. The average of five numbers is 87. If one of the numbers is exclud ed , then the average gets
Solution. Given 5 years ago, the average age of 3 children = 8 year s .
decreased by 5. Find the excluded number.
So, at present, the average age of 3 children = (8 + 5) years = 13 yea rs 8. A nursery is closed on Sunday. The average plants sold in the remaining six days of a week
( ·: lf xis added to each observa tion, th en average increases by .r) is 156 plants and the average sale from Monday to Friday is 124 p lants. Find the number of
At pre.en!, the sum of the ages of 3 children = (13 x 3) years = 39 y ears. plants sold on Saturday.
The age of new born baby = 0 years. 9. The average of five consecutive numbers is 125. Find the product of the number at the
So, the sum of the ages of 4 children= (39 + 0) yea rs = 39 year s extreme positions.
10. The following are the weights (in kg) of 8 students of a class:
.. Average age of the children = ~ years = 9 ~ year s
4 4 50, 44.5, 48.7, 45.1, 50.4, 43, 51, 49.3
= 9 year 9 months . (!) Find the average weight.
(ii) If a teacher, whose weight is 62, is also included then what will be the average
Example 10. The average monthly savings of a company was ~12 lakh for the rs mo nths' ~12.5 . the
the next 4 months and ~31.2 la/ch dunng
18 /akh_ Find the average monthly earnings of the company.
Solution. Given, average monthly savings for the first 3 months= ~12 lakh

t
ftexpen
. the next 5 months of a year. Tota 1
3
d'ture
1 dunng
lakh,
J weight?
11. The average height of 10 students is 151.8 cm. Two more students of heights 157.6 cm and
154.4 cm join the group. What is the new average height?
~ total savings for the first 3 months= ~(3 x 12) lakh = ~36 lakh. U. The mean marks of boys and girls in an examination are 70 and 73 respectively. lf the mean
marks of all the students in that examination are 71 , find the ratio of number of boys to the
Given, average monthly savings for the next 4 months = i12.s Jakh
~ total savings for the next 4 months= ~(4 x 12.S) Iakh = ?SO lakh. number of girls.
.~
"" h -
- 1. d
App 1c
h
Mat ema tics-XI
~ lllfC::::
r~
~
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.,,,1Jif-'° v,, ,. ,, /·

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,, li~ps.
. ,,,.1t1 · L
. I . //,,1 ! /,1.,1 1 , ,r "~ - *m L
11
~
,>-,,. ,d rtlfr ' ·
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#
n.. ,.,,.,,.,,, ,
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• ' "" 1•
,1 J ,11,llr 1.+~ / u • "
111 1
lfl I') f,11 Ill
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f' ,
If I , , , (,
If I
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,,
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ti ifl/ 14 7 /f f / N /I I, 1, l '//1 1 JI/ l / 1 ,f/ / ', , ~ 11,1 .flt
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,, w11,.,.., ,,.,,,.11 1 . .. l,u,1"', 17 ' lfr-J'II, "II Iii 1 11 VI /II', 'Ill /,;I i I""'
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, ,,.,, o :, , ,, ,,., 0 11.,.,. ,,.,,,,1111r ""1"'''
1,u ,,.1,1 r1 11
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- 1,I 11 ,,,.,,, ,,,,,,,l.,,11.f 111 (1 w, ,, , ,ff It 1, 1•~ 1• , .'/l'!',t/ 1111
Ill I 1 / ,j/ 1 ,1/ fl,'fl f Al ,I W IJAU
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11 1 1 1 11
rhrr, 1,fld ,t,, , ... , 11,.,;., ....w i , t ol All II" ,rl/111 ,. ,, , 11r111I "r 1,11,,. .,. I 1
111111 '•' .1 111 . 1,I 1111r1 • t.lrlf!ltl ,1, 1l,.; • 1 /t/Hlf~. ,.,,, ,,1,;,lj•,A,. 1,•1/;;01,. , ; • .+1 11,, ,df.nl ;iif',_,,,.,
. jif,rfjf i~ • ili l/lf'II Jj/i
" •l"CfA ,,,..,,,,,,,,,I.'" ,,,,,,, II ,1,,, 1111111/,1,, , ,, 1111:11 I l f t:, /1 11 I 11111 1'11,1l1111 1,./11 ,t/11, /1,,, ,
//II' II" . ,,(, ,.t;., ,,.., /""''
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t ln,7t f
I f ''"I'/' "' Ii/,,, . 1,// , 1/11;•
,,.., ,,..,,. o,u,_ , '" ,, I ,1,11 ,,., 1,1,r,11,,.1 I,,,, 1,11/1 1111' 1,l /1 ,1, 11-•4 /rll l(lf/l l /•h,fli/111~
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1
lltfl ,, ,,., , l1/ lli/11/1 1111 / /1/ / 1/111/ , .. , / I""' ,, ;,_ f/}', ,t,. ! •
ll ifof I J ,1 IJ il'• { 1'1/'II•• ' ,.,," ,,,, ,,,,,, ,,, ,1 ,1 ,, ,~ ,,,,,,,.,,, l,1, , 1, 11,1,11 jl'; ·~, I '/
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,, t ,1 /
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111
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,,.,,,,,., I ;1
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(11111 /l y 1, 11 111r1 1,11 IA,.,.,.,,
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W,• ,, ,11111 ll ot • tl 11y q 111 tl.1 · P 1t h •1 11l v1•11 11 1,, ,v ,,
bi tor 1,111 I,,,I • w, ,,,k_ q 11 11 ' ll li11i l 11• 11•d f Ir• '1] In Yl'•II
V111~, ,, ,,,,i t,(, ,,,R ,r~f,,,
--·~---- --- ~· -
II
Ii,~ . 4/J%
'1',1,,,,,.,,' 111 .,,.,,,,,,11,1,,,,,,~, , 11,,,,111/,4 11 /l q~ 'l'.''""'11' " ' /11'/'J I tltJtn i:N lt•r, 1{2I 11 II
1/lr
/Im,.,· 1•1-'/111' 111
,, ""',
,.
1/1 1() " "
11 11 · -
m/,,, ,,,1«n ,,,v,,R//1 w rr, n11y 1r,111k9 1J/1111J /cll w m 1,11 • " JU
41/ 1i,,,,111i1 M,,t1,,,,,;,uci,:<1
()u,,11111.itlH· i\1,flb,dt•
 of odd
Now fro m 190 1 to 197 1, there a re 17 leap
years and 54 non-le ap yea.rs. So, the numb er
ber 1971 ).
To drt,rm in, whrth ff a year i_s a leap year. = 7,, 12 +_!!.e. 4 odd days (upto 31st Decem
e tc. days is 17 x 2 + 54 Y "I = 88 odd days o r 88
no t a lea p ~-t·ar r.,'( 200 1, 2002. 2003, 2005
1. Am n•ar ,...h,ch r• not d1\J"lble ti\• 4 1• ry 1972 to 2.9 Novem ber 1972, we have
e.s.
1904, 1908, 19)2 Since 1972 is a leap yea r, so from 0 1 Janua
d1n~1blc> liy 100 is a leap year
2. Am n•ar wtuch 1< dn is,ble b, 4 but not + 3 1 + 30 + 31 • 2.9 = 334 days
J I + 29 + 3 1 + 30 + 3 1 + 30 + 31
Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov '1
c-tc
a lea p year r.,~- 1200, 1600, 2000 etc. These centu ry years Ja n
.l. Am ,·ea.r wluch 1• d,n ..1ble b,· 400 1s
334 = 7 x 47 + 5 ~ .J
crotu rv leap , 'l:'al'l' '7•.,J
are called e.g. 1700, 1800,
but not divisible by 400 is not a leap year ⇒ in these 334 days there are 5 odd days. /
4. An , war wluch is d1nsib le by 100
So, the total numb er of odd days= 1 + 4 +
5 = 10
JoOO etc
10 = 1 x 7 + 3 ⇒ 3 odd days ., J ~
Odd Oaf' and one i.e. Mond ay, Tuesd ay and Wedn esday.
,,
In an ordina r\' (non-leap r ear) ye.-.r, there are
365 days i.e. (52 x 7 + I) days means 52 weeks
The 29th Novem ber 1972 is Wedn esday.
da~ To,, add1tmnal da ,· is caUed an odd day.
days means 52 weeks and two days. So, in
a be the day on 10th April 19917
would
In leap ~-ea r. there are 366 da)'S 1.c. (52 x 7 + 2) Example 4. If 4th October 1986 was Saturday, what
r ·..J
leap )·ear there are 2 odd dars. are Solution. Numb er of odd days:
years and 76 non-leap years. This mean s there ,..,
In a centur y ,.r. 100 years, there are 24 leap From 5th Octob er 1986 to 4th Octob er 1987
=1
make a week, so 124 = 7 x 17 + 5 i.e. 5 odd days. ( ·: 1988 is a leap year)
24 • 2 • 76 , I 1.r 124 odd da ,, . Since 7 days From 5th Octob er 1987 to 4th Octob er 1988
=2 1
:.,--<_:- G
There are ~ odd da)·s in a century. From 5th Octob er 1988 to 4 Octob er 1989
=1
S1m1larh·, we can fin d: =1
From 5th Octob er 1989 to 4 Octob er 1990
In 200 ,·ears, there are 3 odd da ys. 1991
Now from 5th Octob er 1990 to 10th April
In 300 ~-ears. there aJ'l:' 1 odd day. 27 + 30 + 31 + 31 + '28 + 31 + 10
odd days Numb er of days =
In 400 ~·ears, we ha,·e 5 x 4 + 1 (leap century) Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr
Oodd days ( ',' 2] = 3 X 7 + Q) Oct Nov
1.c 21 odd davs which is equiva lent to 1991 1991 1991
1990 1990 1990 1991
•i•l'tfo&M1ii:i;i:WHI ) =188 days
days
So, numb er of odd days = 7 x 26 + 6 i.e. 6 odd
would be the day after 61 days?
Exam pit- 1. 1( 30th March 2020 was Momioy, what Total numb er of odd days = 1 + 2 + 1 + 1 +
6 = 11
Solution.. G" ·en that on 30th March 2020, it
was Monda y.
11 = 7 x I + 4 ⇒ 4 odd days.
!\'umber of days= 61 i.e. Sunda y,
there are 4 odd days upto 10th April 1991
Since 4th Octob er 1986 was Saturd ay and
= 7•8~ 5
Mond ay, Tuesday, Wedn esday
'umb er of odd days= 5.
days in next 61 days i.e. Tuesd ay, Wedn esday
, 10th April 1991 is Wedn esday.
Smce 30th March wa~ Monda y and there are 5 odd
Thur,,d.-iy, Friday and Saturday was the day on 10 January 2006?
Example 5. If 15 Fe/Jruary 2010 was Monday, what
ay.
Theda ) after 61 days of 30th March 2020 is Saturd Solution. Numb er of odd days:
then find the last day of the next month. From 10 Janua ry 2006 to 9 Janua ry 2007 =
1
Examplt- 2. If the seamd day of April month is a Friday,
Solution. Given 2nd April is Friday. From 10 Janua ry 2007 to 9 Janua ry 2008 =
1
( ·: 2008 is a lea p year)
From 3rd April to last day of the next month . From IO Janua ry 2008 to 9 Janua ry 2009 =
2
Number of days = 28 ., 31 = 59 1
From 10 Janua ry 2009 to 9 Janua ry 2010 =
April May 2010
Now from 10 Janua ry 2010 to 14 Febru ary
So, the number of odd days = 7 x 8 + 3 i.e. 3 days. 22 + 14 = 36
i.e. Saturd ay, Numb er of days =
are 3 odd days upto last day of next month
Smee
Sunday. Monda y. 15 Frid;iy and there
2nd April Jan . 2010 Feb. 2010
So, the numb er of odd days = 7 x 5 + 1 i.e.
1 day.
The Lut d;iy of the next month is Monda y.
+ 1+ 1 = 6
3
Eump lt · What wa5 the day on 29th Nuvember 1972
J The total numb er of odd days = 1 + 1 + 2
, it was
Solution. We know that· to count 6 odd days backw ards, the refore
Since 15 Febru ary was Mond ay, we have
In II'«! years Ood.d days Tuesd ay.
In 300 yeari
1 od~ day Hence, 10 Janua ry 2006 was Tuesd ay.
So, 1n 1'100 yea,.
0 • 1 = l odd day
·o-., ,ve~Ap ~~ ~
. 45_,.,.._
· · ?'
";,r,1~,a M,;j1;;:,i,1<. ... xr .:l:l!5 ua ntitati - tituJ
- e____
--._...
 fa.unpJt' Ii. ~f,"lolo-,, n,' ,"1 ..i:i..,.. di.Ir<<" fuur .?(~3' CLOCK
Solvtwn- Le! u• W 1hr da, · C1J'l l lune 2003
TI1e figure on the right hand side is that of a clock. ft has two hands A1iii:{·...
\\{'..,...,,.. !N'
h 2,1"\1 1-e.i.~
(l odd dan
The shorter hand is the hour hand and ~ Jon~.., hand is th/> minute
hand .
fio 2 ·:
3;
l odd da ,· ; 9 ' -/
~8
~ 2:i~· _.:y,~I" \ "'f'a..""
The face of the clock caJJ.ed dial is a compl.ete circle havin.5 3ffl'
I odd d a,
The dial is divided into 12 equal parts. These p art~ are marked
as r; ~j
\ .? ..t V
l, 21,: (~ }'!'r
J la,"m&,- .·.WJ:< tr> i lunt' 2003 l 2, 3, ... , JJ, 12. The angle betv,een two coru.ecutive number~ J-'> 3/I
'I.~ ....,.-,
30 ~ 31 ~ ' uJ
'\'-:.i:,."e:: ..- cz,: = ~ - :~ 31
i.e. 30°. There are 5 equal smaJJ divisiom between two successiv
e
i;;:i f.et, Mar Apr Ma" Jun
= b an ,-..-.,.,;f m<l '::lid!
=:. ~ dz,:- m unbers. Thus there are 60 smaJJ divi-'>.ions in all Each bi~ d JVJw;,n r ~
small division represen ts a minute.
½ .r.=.-~ C!' oo,: OZ\:- = - , : : - ::; Lf ::; odd da:i·s
A d ock hand :turns through an an~e of '?Hf- .i n one r~1olutioo
Mna• wr.np~ ~Ji~ diYJdt:d .u:rt.o
-=1;:r...;;re o.: ooc cz:i:- = : - : - S = ; od~ da.n 12 (big divisions) houn;.
.oci_~ -=--~~ . J hour ::= -3/lf' = ?If-
So, twned bv
~ n ule
-.,,,. , an how
hand lII )2
- ~ ?.r::-:. It :r.:..~<'1
i.e. aniuJar speed of hour band = 3Cf per ro.l!.
'.hmie = S~"' • a6~ co .::n-e: ~ : -c._~
1
~~ule tuJ1l.eO bv an J.IVW l<tI--"
'---· - ]L- IV lI1
.
• 1 =utr. = -¥f-
<iJ
= -]
2
-= : t7t> Tf.": - :,ir.rr-21 • -·-
l"l.Jl:N, ~ ,.
~. M-"J.X.n· ,i»,J, r ~ :, :-. :~. E T. ,:£ ,l'Xlf T.FE.
So, ~ . : r speed of hour hand := ~. per mintt'.e.
·~
I~
S,:~::o sf 32 Sinae co.mp~ ,ml i6 div.iced .into -,o (1,;:nall dn .i>Y..aJ
2
= ·~
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Y,,'t-
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-vr ·
~»Ti<::0 Pl'
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ha:.? io J .min'.!Vc = -'-
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1
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. seo 1s b hou rs
ie da ,\· tm1e p <1s
. 00 .m. on the san
P 6 X /-~- Ko nd s= 7 rnin 30 sec
J - 't.' 50S 00
/Tlll!1 _ (., ".m . tol
Jock will I05t' at l .. p.m. ws -! : 15 in the
\ ,m
. 1· 'i2 :J0 p.m.
set right at 7 a.m. If it sho
..,.,, ,.. tt,ec
ill 5/lo" l ~ .. onds in 3 minutes and was
C 1/10 1,-= ·•
· 0 00 14. I\ wa tch gains 5 sec . What is the correct tim e?
afte rno on on the same day
.,.1
tt,e dcd , " • a.111. 011 a SundaY- ,., show 9 : 00 in the
1 and was ~ t rrglrt at 1 : ''CTI 1'1,J/ q
•r/.- set right at 8 : 00 a.m. If it
H('fl((' I
"" r,,rr•v rour 15. A wa tch loses 3 sec
ond s in 2 minutes and was
w mplt s..~ ck,·.t ,~ . 5 mm]u <.· , wha 1 is the cor rect time?
12 ho urs. eve nin g on the same day nda y. When will
time again, it sho uld los e right at 11 : 00 a.m. on a Mo
<Jr..vtlrNurmit mtl/JJ.ltn
I. to •how the corn,ct 16. A wat ch loses 6 min
utes every hour and was set
in 7
Solution. For doc doc k loses
5 minutes in I hour it sho w the correc t time a~ en inqu.ired by a
2h min utes from station . Wh
Gr, en th.it. the 17. A loca l tra in from
Mumbai leaves every 40 minutes ago.
mmu tes ,.,· I hou
r in I ours the train had already left JO
::;, 11 I05CS 60
pas senger, the help desgivk execution informed that
x 12 = 144 hours en at 10 : 15 a.m.:
::: rf I05t'5 12 hours m 12 If this information was
train lea ve the station ?
144 (i) At what time did the
hours m -24 = 6 days. nex t train leave the stat ion
?
::: II IO'e 11 (ii) At what time will the t train?
Sa tur day. man has to wait for the nex
time again at JO : 00 a.m. on (iii) For how long will that d and the hou r-hand when
the passenger
H= , ,1 i.1 IJ "- "L-"" the correct ed between the minute han
. If it shows 2 ,- in the (iu) Find the angle form .
9 nds 111 2 11111111/es a_11d was set
riJht al 9 : 00 a.m wi ll board the next tra in
Eumplt _A dock gom, 5 seco t 1s llte correct lt111e? 30
-- - - -- - --
- - -- -
11ftmuxm 01111,, same day Wha - - - - - - - --
s An sw ers - - - - - : 38 : 11 3. 08 : 27 ; 16
gains 5 seco nds in 2 minute 1. 04 : 21 : 49 2. 07
.SOiution, Gil en that, the d ock 6. HY' 7. 04 : 18 : 11, 04 : 25 : 27
x 2 = 24 min utes ; 38 5. 115''
seco nds i.e. I min ute in 12 4. 05 : 10 : 55 and 05 : 43 11. JO ; JO : 30 p.m.
::: 11 g.ams 12 • 5 = 60 10. JO ; 20 p.m.
mi nutes. 9. 10°
, cor rec t· clo ck mo ves 24 8. 127.5°
~ when incorrect d ock moves 25 minutes rrect clock 12. 02 : 20p .m.
13. 05 : 00 a.m.
14, 04 : 00 p.m.
the tim e pas sed by inco
'\oi., from 9 (XJ a. m. 10 2 : JO p.m. on th e same day 16. 11 : 00 a.m. on Saturd
ay
minutes. 15. 09 : 20 p.m . (iv) 525°
= 5 hours JO minu les = 330 (ii) JO : 45 a.m. (iii) 30 minutes
ves 17. (i) JO ; 05 a.m .
JJO mlnu les, cor rec t clo ck mo
When inw ,rr-ct d ock moves
24 JJO .
25 ' -m1nu1,,h = 3]6 minLlle N4k Rcco ndH TIM E AND WORK are related to time and wor
k. For exa mple,
ss several situations which we realize that the
In dally life, we come acro e period . After some time,
- 5 hour~ l(J 4H HC!CIJllc/R completed in a specific tim help the people
we wan t some work lo be
ITi lllU li•h
we employ more people to
!11·11(1•, lh1• r11rr, -<1 l1m1 •
la 2 )Ii : 4/j p ,m , ted in the des ired tim e. So, k is more people
work would not be comple ic concept of tim e and wor
the wo rk in tim e. The bas
work ing nlready and fini sh job in mo re tim e.
and less people finis h the
~ . EXERC ISE 3.3 flnl Hh the job in less time
e and work, rememb er that
:
~ Aowt,.,, "••· "" ,,,. t" "'' "'
Ao wt"" ,,,.., . t,.,w,, .., 7 "'

Oh,· " " ' ,,,,.t ,,,., wr,., <,

""d k , t" will tho· hao,i, of

I~ Md r, • fHJ?
o do ck col,wi do•?
/n ,wiving problem s 011 tim
• One d11y's work • num
hi·r n/ dny ~ ,0 rom plctt•
I
th,: work
, •<?
· r,, '"hf '' . '" will tho· hoo
,,1, of, •loo•k h,• at •IHh t " "MI tlw work • __ _ _
1
•' · A' wt,,. , ,,,,.,. t, ., w,•,·o k • Num bc:I' (,r d11y 6 ncNlcd
10 com p lc lt on,· d,iy·, wnrk
f, · '" wIii tho· ho,0 ,1,. ot
cl, <k ho• ,H o•IHh t "''HI•., 1
<. A' wt,. , th,.,. J,..,w,., .,. ' ·"t """ ,o., " b<- don,·
t ""I u,."' ",, ·"''' t,. I,., w.,.,.
o"" t" """ ,.f " o·lo,o•k ,, t HO , HO 20'·? ,
• flm c rcqull'tid lo
wo rk
do 11 certain wtir k • nn,• l.l,,y'• work
l<l
,,.. "'" ,.t,. ., "' ' ' 20 ,,., "·
" ' ""' ,t,,... ,,,t,. ,,.,.,.,.,, ,. ,. t,,,, rlnn p( wnrk d111w.
do ck "" ''' · "" "''Ht,• ol • lfon111n ornllt1n IHIn propor
'-0 ' ' "°'
''O d, , ·k wIll tho· I'"' "'" of "
' · ' ' " ""' """· t,..,. ,,.,. o1.,. h,,.,1.,,r o d,_-( wt,,.,. lo"' ,.,,, ' I!l '"'" o, t,I., l''"•It 7, ' l
1 1 t,. I,,.,, ,.,.,,
' r,,,,f olo, ,.,,, 1
1·• 1 n~1
11 / /
v, ll y 2/J "'""
/1111"
. w ES
11 11
1 1Y«·,,,,., "" d,,. 1,,.,,,..J""" I o,,.., w, IO "' "'h "/ ·· ('• wll ll/ .~ho ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPL 1
1
•1 111•'""" 1 Ill : 1111 11.111 , Wlt11I I 111 r, m11 / M,-,.,,, n/0111 · C/111 l.111I n -.c•,·rrl/'f it, 6 //1111
rs . //0111
Ill, llw n 11/11I',n1111 • ' '"~.f!tlilll
p ~111111 • tiny /
" ' 11111 l'~ 1111(/ W1111 N
t•I l'/1'. lil A11 i l II s1111·111,·r 111 ,/ l11
1 nf 1// (~) • cN 11
111 J(xa mph• I. Jy11t l 11/0111 • 1·1111
/// // Hho w n/ toxr t /1,·r ' " A111/
1 1 1 1/lll l h 1/1111 · !PIii /i,/
/li, ·y ,,,A,· (l lcJ /'A11rs
"
11111, 1 1111t• d11y /
1 I\ Wn ft /,11~•nl1
I' '
•
Iii, , ~n
,
'"" " " " " '""' """ •••
"<·0 ,1,1,, "°" ,11,t "·'"· Who, II lmu w II'"'"'"'" (/) 11111' ., r1•1•11/r r (ii)
I!, .-rc•n1 /1 ·r,!
lwm ~
1.:1111J..11 1111 ~w1•11h'1' In •1
,
Solution,(/) Jyoti 11h1111•
li t .,.,
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a 111l'' t/111•
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,.
i?CQi_:.r~,
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5
· 5
~ t-o- ~,,~ "''-"' " j-i ~ = i /f = ¢" A'S ~
8' S '.WLe fJi l'lJOflieY = total IDOBf;I' -
= H~.IJ - t 400 = t fl'J J
, ,~ ~,.,-, ~~; •(k '<O S>// p:"° • ;i," •'l,J • ,iii
"3-2 , W?J • ½J
!o d.~ ,:z ar..2ir. ;-.ra -:( :::-!rl;. a-= !;1q ~ -f s:m d 9 7.:"."-'!'
.Eumpl.e 6. If 2 men or 3 w,-s toJ-,e 4fJ Jr.HS
";rr.lJ<'.t; fo % ~.,im ;,.
I. ~:,-. ":: .v.t:r .r-~ r¢ ~ ~,_,,-~..._,.*"he v.-mtitlg together take to wmp!eu f}:-,e ITT,
r l;'
. 8• M¥ ~~B~
-..-od,.
Solu tion. Since 2 mm' s wor'" = 3 bofs
- m- fru
m,
we ' ,,,,,,q"'- "''W4 m:if,""
,_,, , W-.¢J
. ;,_""'' <an J;;, tJ,,. p,nd m 311 M¥ ,
✓,,
,,_ u • r,-_,,,,_ -..-on
" ~,. ;,,: -,~ I."-' ¼- ,Fh - 1 man' s worl: = 2
2
bovs
,
'
..... .._;.,,h ,u. ••~,e ''< "J< 'ce "-"' i» 2'J <1,,-,
''-~'--"'f t ,,,.,,.,. ,iJ....:-,,~ 'Yo/,f__--..,.,. .:; .:.. 4 mens ' Y>'Ork = 2z x 4 u . 6 boys' wod
9 i~. 15 boys ' -..·O!'k
.,.,,,.,,,tJ, ~;;: t--o/,f~..,.,. ,C :, / 2.. ~
2'.
4 men and 9 boys work = 6 T
k,1/• %
Since 3 boys can do the work in 40
hour s,
-<'~.r-.i:--~-,,--.>1,,- .; 2 ~ 2', , .
I boy can do the w ork in 3 x 4D 1.r.
120 hour s
? ~ 120
s = 8 ho=
.~.,,,,._~-cos
'>·r,- > '.C"4>~~ ?,:.::,, m ?,fJ ,da,ri, I; ooys can d o the work in 15 how
her will CDll'lp4etr the wodc in 8 hours.
) ·i"..-: •~_. n".l!'r- Hence, 4 men and 9 boys working toget
,,)
-~ '1
,/ /,[
~ ·- • - ~ !- g;=.
 ,II 111.lOdlll/~- I/
/\
,, 1
,,,/c,·,,., '~1111,1 11 r,•orA 111n111111 /1 , /11J,11111 11 ,n11.'I
Exa mpl l' 7. /\ 11111/ /l 1,w,•1/11·1 (I/II,,,,, /'I "!II '
d1111, r1•1// /\ a/0111•fi111.,II t/1,· "~" ~? II
, I n worl-. 111 nn 11, , So, .r'H0111 • hn u r'M work .. 1
Solut io n. Si nl'<' A b iw ici• '' ' ~""' 2k
A's on,· d,1\' wMI-. - ll', 2 dnyi, w01·k
1 .. ,(I) nn d z'A o ne ho11r'H work • 1
, A'' In)' wC1rk k'
⇒ D's nnl' day wor .. = L '
2
Si nrl' A nnd 13 1011ethcr ca n build a wnll in '.10 da yi,, Arcordlni-; 111 g iven, 2. • 1 + 2. I
I 2k k k 2
A', one day worl-. ➔ 13', one da y work = JO ⇒
:I I· 2+6 I

1
- -2k- •
2 ⇒ k = 11 ho urs.
/\', onr dav worl-. + A', ~ day work = JO Iusing (i)I
2 S11, x's one ho ur's work = ~ . 2.
2,, JJ 22
1 J 1
A's 1 + ,.e. da ys work =
30
2 2 x can individually do the task in E ho urs = 7.!.. ho urs
2 1 1 3 3
A's one da y work = x =
3 30 45 y's o ne ho ur's work = _.!.._
11
A alone can compl ete the work in 45 da ys.
y can individually do the task in 11 hours.
Enmp le s. A piece of irork is finis/red in 30 days uy A. Since C is tlrrice as good as A and A is twice as good
a< 8. (( A. 8, C irork together. the11 /row many days will they take lo finish the work? and z's one hour 's work= 2. .
11
Solution. G,\·en A can do a piece of work in 30 days.
:. z can individually do the task in ~ hours= 3 ~ ho urs
3 3 .
So, A's one da v's work= _.!__
30
.
•
Example 10. 100 persons begin to wark together on a project which was expected to be completed in 4() days.
Since C is thrice as good as A, But after few days 4() persons left. As a result, the project got delay uy 10 days. How many days after the
so, C's one day' s work = 3 x A's one day's work commencement of the project did the 4() persons left?
_ 3 _ l Solution. Let 40 persons leave after x days of the COlil1JleJlCell1ent of the project.
- 30 - 10 . Given 100 persons can do the project in 40 days.
Also, A is twice as good as B.
So, 100 persons's one day's work= _!_
So, A's one day' s work = 2 x B's one day's work 40

. work = !2
Er s one dav·s x A's one day's work 100 persons's x day's work= {o
: - Y-=-
I l l Remaining work = l - ~ = 40 - r .
2 30 60 40 40
After leaving 40 persons, we are left with 60 persons. These 60 persons finished the work in
A, Band Cs one dav's work = _.!__ T _.!.._ - _.!__ (40 - x + 10) days i.e. 50- x days.
. 30 10 60

_2 T6-l 9 3 60 persons's one day's work=~= ..2....

40 x l00 200
- ~ = ffi =w ·
3 50
60 persons's (50-r) day's work= < - r )

=:
\ \ i:rl:ing ~ A, B, C will finish the work in ~ days · 6 3_ da 200
3 z.e. 3 ys.
40 - r = 3 (50 - :r)
Eum.pk 9. Tl-.L r,.au,& of I V - 11.Te . th .
_?.&. c: rn 1 Fir..d tf.e·;;;,~ ~ :
hr.a;_ ~ 2 : 6 to finish a task.. If they work together they am 40 200

Sol.ation.. Gr,enr'< llO! , . Y iflheydothetaskindividual/y7 ⇒ 5(40 - x) =3(50 - r)

- one ur s .,, on : tjs one hour 's work : z's one hour's work ⇒ 200 - 5r = 150 - Jr
=3:2:6
⇒ 2.r=50 ⇒ r=25
:. 40 persons left after 25 da ys of the commencemen t of the projed

E.u.mple 11. X am do a piece of work in 60 days, whereas Y can do the same um in W dJrys. Beth started
the work together, but X left after 10 days, of starting of IllJrk. Find ho-..D many days will it tale to
complete the work?
 l ,1 )II~ ,. , 11 I\ 111k 1111·~1 ,t.1yh,
j'
,
, oluh0O " " " ' ' \1,lll( f
I
"'' \ ;, ,11wJa1 , .. n,k 1,(1
Mach ine Q 's one hour 's w<,rk 2 I
1 th• ,,1m•' " 1111-. ,n 4() ,l n)' h ' 41
A•) u1n• n
1
Machine I' ~nd (J's o n,o hr,ur 's wnrk . I I 14 + JO 211
.,., , • nil• J,1\ ' .. ,,,k 411 I 2 I '.\ I 'llJ • 42 - 42{) • 42fl '
h\ , "1111-.. wnrk lllA to)\1' ther "' htl t 40 1211 120 24 .
\and' '- " 111 ' ' ·. Ma chine I' and Q w, ,r kl OP, toget ~in ca n r nmpl.ete the o rde r in :~ hours = 17.5 hour,
(,1,('fl fh at\lrltntlr1JOdn\'~ 10 5 Eumple 14. A, II and C wor/clni ~e oral t I . .
"" \ and ) .. 111 dan, " ·orl-.. wnrki n A tnAr thcr = 24 = 12 . lof(f'//ier and ram f 39()0 for th,• :Uhol e_V c:n / o a w
l or/c /r, 2, 1 and 4 days respecliurly. If tlwy 11/1 work
e wnr , 1rrw , 1.011/d they d1u1de th~ money ?
~ 7 Solution . A's o ne d ay work = ~ .
'-<> rrmatnH\I! .,·or!- = 1 - 12 c 12 .
.!.
'\cm , can alone fimsh the remai nin g work in ii x 40 da ys i.e. 23 ½days.
B's one day w o rk =
1
and

C's one day work = ¾.

Hence the work is completed in ( 10 + 23 ½) da ys i.e. 33 ½days . So they s h o uld divid e the money in the ratio .!. , .!. : .!.
2 3 4

Li..ample ll. X can do a l"rcr of 11 ,ork i11 60 days, wlicreas Y do the same work in 40 days. Both started the i.e. ~2 x 12 : ~3 >< 12: ~4 x 12i.e. 6 .· 4 .· 3 .
;,,r,rl. ftJSrlhrr. X lrfl. JO dnys /wforr 1/ie comp/rt,011 of work. F111d how many days will it take lo complete
Sum of the terms of the ratio =6 + 4 + 3 = 13.
tlu ,n,ri.'
Solution. Smee ). can do piece of work in 60 days, A's s hare= ~
13
of n900 = t (~13 x 3900 ) ="1800'
-.o \ ~ one day's
-
work = _!__
60
B's share =~ of"3900 = t ( ~ x3900 ) = "1200and
13 13
A., , can do the same piece of work in 40 days,
C's s hare = 2-
13
oft3900 = t (2.13 >< 3900 ) = f 900.
-.o. ) s one dav 's work = _!__ .
• 40 Example 15. Taps A and B can Jill a tank 4 hou rs and 6 hours respecirordy and tap C (at th< bottom) rnn
i11

empty it in 12 hours. If all the three taps are opened together wizen the tank is empty. find afkr !tow m1111y
>. and Y's one day's work, working togethe r = _!_ + _!_ = -2.._ = _!_ .
60 40 120 24 hours the tank will be f ull.
1...>1 1t take l day, to complete the re m a ining work, th e n X and Y togeth e r worked for (x - 10) Solution. In on e hour, ta p A fill s .!. o f the tank.
da" and Y worked alone for 1Oda ys. 4

"''· >.and Y', (l - 10) da ys work = ~ .

In one hou r, tap 13 fills ¾of thr tan k.

Jnd Y', 10 day, wnrk ~ JO

24
In one hour, tap C emp ties ii of th,• 1.tnk.

40 4 In one hour, the porti,,n ,11 th,' uni.. fill<'d b) th<' up~ A . fl .u,.t C .i ll t,l):;.:th,·r
J )(I 1
.. , l 10; I,
- I
I • 2 I ~
24 24 4 t n I~ 11 - ~ - 1
, l - ;!.k
J\11 till' tltr•••• l,1ps A, JI ,1nd C h >f\•' tlw r w,111til th,· t.rnl.. In 1 h,, .,,.,,
J lr1u 1•, II w1ll 1nl..,· 2Hdtt y~ t11 'omp l1·li· llw work .
.• ~ :;;l EXERCISE 3.4
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1.
ar Cb 2 fJt if' r,.f
1:.. , f ,i::i C '- , . . ~
--
r✓NT tr~✓ d.?
✓": w,n /-. 8 V :Jr'11: cJr, th~: wr,rl(,b?tfr 4-~ -r, ht:r:.</ rrffldJ ,.,,.. ~ / Tiriu:
= v 1r~.t1mt
tr 4,"j C,1 'n [: a cr:rt.?in y
,r,r..,,- qr: , Ch tt
~~ ~ =-: ; .:C.e ir,
dz-10. tr, frrii-.J; 5r Tr =SzT2.
~ ~
t! fr' !
t1 (futz;--;a, ·r ~
•• -.. 7 =;,
111 o,,-,r.,- rce yrJs
~,c~.c y,. ~ tr.e d;.!i w~ ~ ~.. net mt, fr1t
H
dom~ a pi ~ r>f 2. ~/h en tirf"I#;
, ,il '!:, -; ~, . a;:,;/0; W<4 m,m B for-r.
=. -
a ~ « ' I f : . p_,y, I-. r.&.clf:"< Y!
u j • ~ ~ . ::r r;'! t:::e'f'i tf ~, q wr,rl' flJ md r/id u2 fly fJiJ tr,w.- -tr~
dng tr,w;the-r tn
crn rrpf de 1.e. ~Q:
~
,,. . d
=Ci-,~tzr - !!I. --~
- ~
~~

7( : -::::"' r= , ~i! : tr~1 t.&fa: w r,ri .,_ ri=; ,e

~ E H,-,"R ~ tr.r.e mi!
3. ~VJ.en ~
e- '7:Ki. .t2t".t,, fr.en dit<~
4

n • ::: ;rr ~~ ~~ z; da?<o;;

~A

t ~ " ' a-...:.::c

:..?' T~ c,-.,r:e. m
A& a pi&::e of w
ed Wr «tt ig
~ r,e; -,c ;
-
. .€~ rMX ±i tr.: .e. ¾ C tr, fim -, A, 8 Of' C ea;;
:~ c.c:a: =~
~ 2- f%t i;nr f/ ~ in w hid
K • ~- . -::, ,,a ~ &.:id m o: nt,rrr,r,er rrf d3
-u:; -=.... ,tf'l ,° ::- 2 e&7
--' Zf '? ~ b-I.
,I
~~ ~ !eftap:erre,:J3r.&
7.1/Cr o/; ,., ,,,, ,,, ~,t
:;,
pe at tr~f x,t yjm
£.? cr~.,u ~, a "H~¼ pi te ~ ta-t.e fo
r:-. , ;;•c , '...r; ~ 4 e2e
t£ ,r. :11. r...:.-:-1
,r !.'! r~, i-.r, n
r:;ur,f; tirr.e
trie w~ wm E EX AJ AP US
_-r, ~ ~ ILU JS TR A TIV - ~~ ,,c,~
r 1 ~ ..I'
:.~ t:/,r {f
'::I' . nr ;;= ~
.J/ 'JI :m s , ~
~,
":Z C:' ?~ : _I __ ~ =_I_ , &n n:p k1 -A car
cr~~ t,a ~.a af4
p; ~ t:-r r,r11<: hr.>Ur )i o ~ = ie- = j c ~
.,. ~F~ c:r t::1< ~ =.fy
: 'JQ'&>,.re rz Tr; ~
5ol vti orL Gr--811

~ -~::a=~-
J-~r..,.r,e, d ~ ~
-~
W" /d (',.".;;?."', : ,
'187~ wm4 P7,ef.4, emd u ,,fr~ ✓~ -er r: ,:
~ f;,,,_,,.c rt: 4: C&J'1,
,

~~ ",r ~ ~ ~ j}P 'V:

;:.'.! ~.:
f~
4~ ,u. >~" ~ '4. Th e t?r r~ ~4-:g 'j
~ ~:;yty it fa ;,) r.r>f!1 lf:( f, (.C,

z, .=::o .n , ~i '~ t-:1<

: l"A ',~ r;,?. ',
6: ~ =~ c; +

-
~ fir& !: ~ ! k,:,/& = ,~-- /
~ 4
"'a:, ,r ..r
r:: ta§re: fr>Y. tri1<: t,;m!,,, tr,,
~,rr »r ir£ g ~
-
;~ ' .,,. At;
~ 1y~
,. ,,.. .~ ~ ,;,,r .r ~~ -> --~
~~:

i•'6~&3 - - - = ~ c;,._ __._~ ~ ~

~
Jtt • ~
~~r c~.~ - •d

)_ ;,, ~J.r

12 :z
j
 frum his house 1114 km/h. He slmll
tes late to reach hi, office, if he Ul(l/b
lake to C01Jer
mmulM I Imo much limr tuilf hr
3hmir Example 6. Aman shall be 45 minu an Fm house and offia.
t /1, I{)
d1<t11r1rr 11/ .f m ,n km/h . Find the disla11Ct betw
be JOminute9 early if he l(J(llks 111
fu,n plt 1 A,,,." (i"i'('r~ , 6
t hocm .
/n, ~,,.., #lt(/~,,,-111 JI t"li'7 ' reach office fmm h i s ~ be
I 7 h S<il ution . Let the usual time tu
h
<,,..,rn hmt' 1 h 10 min • 1 • 2I h 2 In first ca-. Speed = 4 km/
',ofo titlfl.

AM ~ • 4km / h 7
km .. 14 1cm
So, distance =4 x (1+ ~60 ) =4 (1+ 2)
4
4,,
lJ,.-.Jnr'i> •pi'f'd Y h rrw> 2
=4t + 3
~,,.., /h; tll'!W' ukn1 tr, rr,,,rr 14 1cm JI 21 k'm / h
In second aw. Speed =6 km /h
I◄ h 2 h (1-,f,() j mm • 40m ln
21 1 1
So, distarrce = & x (1-~ ) = 6(t -½)
ft,, ( ~ J U ~ t,tn,o ~ 4() rTfln( ff~
= l'it - 3-
Al~~ ases,
Smce distmce is '!3me in both the
tt~ dttt.f tV; ~ criMt..int =
r...,,.,
41 + 3 =6t - 3 11 = 6 t ==3.
Dfatatra: = 4 ,, 3 + 3 = 15 km
l1 ; 1, rfc-na :, the digtance between
hi.~ noose and office is 15 km.
,., ,
1
r, ~ •. i~ .Vi rt,:r, AVERAGE SPEED
4 ,,, , dn in times /1, ti✓ - ' t,. ~ ,efy; mm
h~ 1m111I time If ilTI r• t Cl'Nftr!> di s~ '4,
, Im fvtU~ 24 minute§ lateJind
f-J.--,c; l WF--<ffi.t #t ; tJr nfkl~ U.."rl.'1/ ~,;4, 11 IMff. rw.Jr.,d =~.,; , uitzl di.qWiee IT2Vd leo
;,ver age .,,.,....., = t,,,ul time taken
f/ ~~N/ J.--1( ~I~

r;i- ,.,.-,. ,.~i ~ i,,.. Y ft'rr. /i', ?.id

t1-w&I tirr.~ r~ t fv.ur.
~
~ (c-(t,
= t1r - dz - - - 4
(N(IA .,'; fU;" l,H. ~ ('A, .;,1 ~ - (y /
ti - tz - - - t~
u~ l ~ u, zz19,, (,.,..!J, h1,e, (t-r ¾Jh i., ume ,
,..,,,.,,r.#,.,-,.c;;r. •t, (,:"'AI'/'. !':14/-:t.(,<+>M ; fr..r.f 1 C- L Whffl b'n-elling tinw
s at y km/h . mi
-. fort hours a.t x km/h and next t ham
( w.
" ',t(C r;•rl r'l~i ':' I,'fr.rif:41A
,~
I
,.

•.:.f, z
f
t•-Jl A-m
'; ,
Supp<J!!,e,; persoo trava
in fir~ t hoo-rs = :a km and
d~ta na travelled
d ~ Ir.welled in neat bour
~ ~ tr;f';,-,f'r,e.,:,.-;l'.6"~ .s = yt km
'-.r~J' ;t'.., .,4f; U" ,~#- )4
Y,1 km and
~,.~ J' f • I Tool d ~ travelled = lxt -
~ ~ h
tc..tal time takffl = (t + fJh = 2J
~ -o,n
, .__,,, ,, ...,,,. 4'-4 r,#,;r t,f>::
V't'. ~~f;, ,~ :2:f-✓,an,
So a11era9P ,-..= A =zt Z1- yt =~
2
km/h
, -~
an•ra ge ol spttrls.
f:r f.tu 4/r,··,rm rfa ',WM/. hnJh /rlf //tP, nezt same , the aw<rage spee d i s ~- the
f,,.-c y1;+ •,;, •,,r.,,,,4 17- 'lJi ,4;/4 'd th
1
y, ';:i.f @d tlt;m tr@d4i at f// Ht..'J!Ce, when 11llvelling time is
~ "O,/ '! ,,,. r/Nr"'I ; tJ:'~• k, rt'4v., ; ~ atw..11{(/, ff@A /,.,d tit~ /1pj W~_/
-'I'<;". ,
.ed i., NDU .
·~ I'
, , ~ ~(t..,;,;11r ,411.,,t_,,:,6J.ir( , C- 2. Wh n di§u na tnveU ~ distzoce d km at
✓,l,l
nce d km at r km/ h and an
Su~ a per!iOO travd~ a certa in dista
If lsm/ h, thc-n
..- d, km = 1JI km
total dista na.' travelled = (d
; ~ 1/, "y::; d km =;, h
~ ='!.t_ hand time taken to 1ra~,e1 next
"/ II,, Time tah-n to travel first d km
,I~

~, ,..'/ - : t;

Total time taien = ( '!.t_ .., ~)

h
y

'hi 2 2xy
So, avc-ra~ i.peed = dd = ~ =~ km / h
- t - - - ,
:t 'f Zif
 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES
r,.1 Hkl hn l /,,,m':' ""'' 11.-.rt ISO h11111 4 lhllll':'. /'im l !ti., 111 '1 '1'11 -.:, • $/l<'cd
f ,Amrlt I. 1•~n{~1,w~n /I • · III • · • •
S<,lutlon. T,,,.,1 d,,-1.rn,~ lr,1wllt-.l (lt'W.l • tSll) l..m Exnmplc 1· II lm i11 1211 "' l1111s is r111111 i 11s 11/ 108 k111/11. I/.,;,, ,.,,,.\/ w ill ii Ink,· to cross a /1111111po,; /?
:!Sll 1..m Solution. DistnncL" lo be co vcn.•d = 120 m
1,,1.11 hnll' t~ l..,'11 . (-1. 4) h,111n: . ; h1llll':'
S p cL"d u f train = 108 km / h = (msx ,& ) m /s = JO m /s
T , ,
;\,m ~"<' Sl"-''J • :~, 1..m h ~ll l..m h 11 11L" 1'L'l]llll'L'u = 120
30
SL"Cond s =4 second s
F, Ampl• l. ~ i'..,._'• r•-.::-m it 4<1b11.-tl /W 2 l1<•111~ ,111,I t/1m tnH \"/,: 100 km llt S() k111/11. l'i11d l, j~ t1t'<'m_1,'t!
-;mf
Example 2. II lmi,r mo "' lo11s is n11111 i11g 111 72 k111/11. /-low /011:,: d,,,·s ii tnk,• to cross II plntfi1m1 I IJO 111
/011:,:?
Sc)lutmn.111,-t.11~,• ''"'""'! ti\ tin:t :_ h.,un-
\.Ul, :!) " ~l km
Solution. Distance to be covet'L'd = (100 + 160) m = 260 m
n,1.11Jl"t.1n.,, tr.1"-lh., I • \~ I• H\ l) km • t~l km

Tinw- t.,1..,'l'I "' '''"" 11\ 11..m .It ~1 1..m h .. H\I h,,un: ,. l h,11n-:< S p c,,_•d uf tra in = 72 km / h = ( 72 x T;i) m /s = 20 m h
~ • 1\\1;\I hn'<' t.i l..,'l'I • (~ • ~I h ~ ~ h.,ur.,
~' 260
Time 1\.- qui,.._xt = 2ll $t.'Cond s = 13 st.-cond s .
1
"-'~« "f'" -'l : • km h • ~,; 1..11\ h Exnmpll! 3. A lmi11 n11111i11s ,11 80 k-111/11 1,·,w,,, L11ckl1<1w ,-/11/iim "' 9 : 00 11.111 . 1111d n,wt/1,'r t rni11 run11 i11g
,11 100 k-111/11 k~rv,!:' Lucknow st11tio11 i ll ti,<' S/11111.' dirct'l io11 ,11 11 : 00 11.m. I-low 111,111y km f m111 Lucknow
Eull\f'k ~ .. ,~Th': t-'r.\il' ,,. ,_ lt.'lltr .:: ~ I km,ft 111:./ 11t.rt lhlltr «I 30 k111111. Fi11d t/,t' tlt't'1'I•~• , u.~•t ,/: sl,ll illll 1/tl t/1<'.l/ llltYI ?
~~ ~ r~t
Slllutlon . 'linw lt\lm 9 : llO n.m . tn 11 : 00 n.m . = 2 h
~~,n.. ~'\" ~ ,....ttm.>: tin1t• IS :-.\nil'
S-1, ,it 11 : 00 ,1.m .
1
~, "'~"~"\.! • ~ : .~, l..nt h c 3..'i kn1 / h- Fi r,;t trnin is (2 x SO) km i.c'. 160 km nhend of sL'rnnd trnin .
tu:~"- -~ h-1' ,, wH,• "-i n \' .a 111 .~~.:~',rt s/\:,{ , 0 ·
Sin'-"\?, trains n,0vt! in th t.:" sn n,~ di rtx-ti,)n .
S."'lht • , · . -~ •m~ • .i. bo: J:. Fm,/ In,• 1an11,:.- "J~'lc\l.
~ ' - . :<ln...¥ ..h;:M>,y tr..1\ ',,-1,l._,_j IS ,:.,m,.•. ' S., , n•lntive sp,.-...,i = ( HJO - Sll) km / h = 20 km / h

_-·..,_
' I'll km / h )
Timl' t,1kt•n '" 111l'l.'t = rd,1tivl'
d isl,llll'\.'
sp,.,-..i
= l2llbO h : Sh.
l .l'-t ,II
H L'm:,.•, di$l<llk'\' fn,m Lu,·know s tllti()n = ('\00 x S) km = 800 km.
REl..Affi '£ SPEED
J.ri.<:rr:v s,.v,/ :- ~ ~ c..- ~ '" ~ • ._~.'~1 ~~ E..:ample ,l. lil'> rn1i11s 110 m 1111< / 9ll 111 /t111_,: ,m· n11111 i11_,: i11 ,1p1~~-it,· dim ·ti,111, 111 -10 b11/1111111/ 50 k-111/11
• ... Ill m;;l:'\i h 1 ,1m,tlr<n>l•j,YI. n-:<pfftir~·l,v. ,,, whot time' will 111<',V en\,$ 1\ l!'li t1thc'r l1lll//>ldrl_11.fn1111 th,· IIIOllh~II 11,.-_11 m,~·1?
Diftm.nt a.ses r'fbl'fd to r'fbtiw ~ Solution. D is tcm.:,· .:,w,,,,.,i 1,, ,·n,., , t•,1d1 ,,t.ht'r = s um ,,f thL'ir IL'ng ths
c-
d~
l \\h,,,i., tw,, ,~,:,
. = llllm +90 m = 200 m
""a, dwir ~
41'\' nl<.>nn;: m th,., - .- d ir«ti h
' - on. t ,,n tlwir rd.1tiw "f"'""-i is the
Sinl"t' tr.1ins nre runnin~ in ,,pp,,$it,· din"'l:tions. " '
C.as..:.. l\ nt:n two ~ - t ,
sum ai ttw.i - ~ mo,~ m th,., opposih.- dir«ti .
~ on. then tlw,r ni.lat.i,·,, sp..-...,i is the n·l.1tiw spc.c.,i = (-10 + 50) km / h = 90 km / h

c-
3.. \\'hen°""~~ IS suoorury dnd . . = l9\l x2- ~ m / s = 25 m / s
~ ~ o f (tw....,.,..
~ - --,.; ot,·Jf'd.. · oth.>t-~--t ismc,,·in•·
"' th•rn Ih eir
· n·l,1tt,·e
• speed is i:- 1
1
lim e n:, 1uired to ems.., each ,,tht>r = 2~; stx·,,nds = S s,-..:onds
Rwa b 50Ml,g ~
l . ~ " t ' C\.>\i."n'd ~ - 4 Examples. Trn> 1mir1s 11 ,.., n11111 i11:,: in tfr.· ;..1111,· din..-t i.>11 " '. 9(l ~111/1111 11d I 2r b11/lt n-:<p,Yli,\·/.v. Thd,·nsth
law.n ~ ~llSt ~ ~ ~ \tram <'le.) .r "'"~ Inn• , ~- -· ,,r tl,,·fir,-1 train i, ·130 11111nd 1i111t· It> ,·n ,:-:- c'11d1 ,,th<T 1, 2:, ;..nmd, /"'"' 1/1,· /1111,· t/r.·_v 111,YI. F111.I th,
?. ~ cm>en-,j b\ · °' nt-gligihk> length is x metres_ I>- f' SSJ.ng ,1 ,t,1t1on<1Cv o bject
l,Pbtronn ~ ~ ) 7°',ng
_OOfl'ct (train ..-tr.) X lllt'tn,s I '
3.. ti two oti,ect,. o{ ..__,._ · mt'tns kxlg IS \.r - _11) metres.
. .
ong, p.:i,smg <1 s ta tio na rv o bject
lmgth ,,f the sfft>IIII t rai11 .
Solution. Le t th<' leng th o f thL' s,,·,,nd tr,1in i,,, x nwtn.·, .
41 th,p ~'6"'"' dnJ Vm.-t:re,,
1 - D is ta nce cov e red to cmss ,•.1ch o the r = ( 1:;n + x) m
speeds ~ m sand b m l an- monng in the Sdme d i - .
s ~pecrl\ely, then the - O'C bon or o pposi te direc tio n s Since trl1ins art' runn ing in the :,;c1tn f• d ir\, ·tk 1n , '.'l '
um. ~ ~ tune taken 10 _
• IS eqwJ 10 SUm ot rheu length, CTUss each o ther fro m the n:• l,1t iv e speed = (126 - 90) km / h = :;6 km / h
rdab,eSpet'\;J
= l36 x:&) m /s = lllm / s
SH ±&

At ; f
 - 1A_Q!:' 1.~ ;:-~ f'•_,._ .,:~ : ::_:, ""'
u"'r :t\11':i;N' l
: =~ == ·~"' - . = S "" ==,. = · ~" 4.. _-\ m.m ,,w,•~ j r.1 ,,1 hb ""'"""'' .11 1::; l..m h ., n.l th,· 1,•m.111\H\" .II .' 1) l..m h Ith,• l-'l..cx,-

~--£ ~~,.~~...~~= -:!..~-. 1(\ h.,,1r,; 1-., •''11\J'l,,I\• h,, l''"""'' 110,l 1h,· h'l\,lt h ,\I hi-, i,•11m,•,

- - .:ui--- 1'(cn.fT~-¼i.;&1lul.Y :"l ~li.11.-:-. Wli.d;.i.:i,: ~ l·1Arrtw 11 '"""'"'i

.1,,,n.1m Ji..,t.m,'t• .II -~ i.n, }\ 111 ,4 h,,un- l ~ m1m11,, hn,l tlw 11'1\c' ,,,pm"I
&;zmrlr t.i. .. ~ 1-- ...~~ k-:: ,.-::.. ,'1;""" ~__.. .. • .. "''"'"'' '<'f th.·~m,·Ji..,l.\n.'t• .11 lh..•"l'<"'t ,,1- 1..m h
-:¥~ ~~ j 1!"~-:-~,_~a;:;-..~ ::;;t;Y".i~ f.. .-\ r--,, """'"" l\\t h,,. ,._-h;, ,1 .11 - (\\ ., m H,• "f"Tul,-" h.,u" _l;(1 m 11\\11\-,. 111 tlw ,.,,•h,"-'l .m,1

~ =c:..a = -= ;r ::-lf ~ ~ b :. ;:;)-.:'!:"l ("\'ltln..,_ ~ -1.. ,,t -1 (\ l I'm. "nth,• x\m,• ,l.11 l1 ht•,, .111..:., ,11 ,\ \l\., t.m t ,,1-4 l..m "l"'"''
1111.l h l""'
So~ ;;y ;
far L, hr,- ;;.__"h.-...,1
== :T;"l!:=::::i.;- ~ = ; ; i= ... = , : ~ ~ = «h.~
'
W.lllan,g ,11 ~ th .-f ht:- u,-u,11"t"'""-t ,1 m.m "' I h.,m ta r,· Fm •.1 hi_, tt,.11.11 rr_l\ ,·l nm,•
::;
& Pulkit " ~ <1t j th .-f hi-, u;;.u.,I "-J'<'" j .100 n."i..+..-s ~1 mmuh-.,a ,'.lrh Find hL, 1t.--1ul nm,· ,,t
;..~~:
~ Ji'.. - - T ~ - - - ~ ~Al -;:-:wz £"?" ~ :J: "'": o.._-: ~"1:.- -i...__7.., :-ti:~ ::-r= Cl[ ~'it~ ~ fR CJ _ _-\ car is running at %th of his d..--tudl ~-e.i. u"'wrs "di;.t<1n..--,,· ,){ 45 "111 m ~ 1'k,11r,. ~ 1 mim1 h"'-
--;;:- .... i ~ - : - ~ ~ ""!" :7 ~ ~ f.: C"'!: t,....._
Fmd the actual speed l>f rar.
:: - -:-~=:-r ; ;r~==i=- ~ ~ = ~--:Z::..~c ro:: : ..;:~-~- . -. -x-0c:l_
- - 10. Rohit c-cn~= a di."'1nce of~ km in 6 hows. He tra,clkJ f"lrl.ly C'l1 ft.....--.1 at_; 1-.m h .ind r,:mJY
; --.: - - • z ~ ~ = x ~ =t~
cm bi~ -de at 9 km/h. \\lldt is the di~-e tra,--cl.led on r icyc:le~
~ G~ ~ a: =:lf= =,f: o ~-
11- _-\ man ro,--ered a certain di'-tance at some Sf'l"t'd. Ii he had mo,-ed 3 km h f:i..,l't'r. he wt,ul,i
=~:zu:: =!- :l---C:S.
ha, -e taken 1 hour less. If he had m oYN 3 km h slow-eI. he would haH· ta.l..c'l'I 1 hPur mt""'·
x.=ac:r.= =~ ·= \\lldt is the distance in km?
=--0 •S c. = xo::- b
H'm. Let the di..«tance be d km and actual speed be I !cm h
n • :JT ==.n.U "\l:n.
=
... (1)
then 5_ _ __!!_ = I
c.-.~ =a: oe::-..___ •..-o ~ e po'e s = : J) m I X--r5

Sc=ca~ = ~~ - : = » '.:.1 and __!!_ - 5-. = I

.T- 3 I

From (1) and (ii), :!, _ ~ = ~ - :!.I = I = 15 !cm h

X :r +:, X - :,

.
Usmg (i),
d
- d
15 20
= I = d = 60 km
12. In covering a distance of 40 km Sach.in takes 3 hours more than Utkal"'__n_ Ii Sdchin doubles
his speed then he would take 1 hour less than Utkal"'--1,_ Find their speeds.
Hint. Let Sachin's speed be Si km/ h and Utkal"'-.h's speed be 5-! km/h. then
40 40 ... (1)
- - - =3
Si Sz
and ~-~ =1 ... (i1)
r="!!!.!!:..- -
T£L - t = :hr:i..
Sz 251

Adding (i) and (i1), we get ~- ~ = -l ⇒ S1 = 5 km / h

Heu~ 2Si
1E:: EXEAosE ==-,.-1:ffl two ~ .E: polt, ~ 50 rn.. 51
- =3⇒
40
:!i' 3.5 Using (1), we get ~- Si = 8 km / h
~ 52
1
- "- P-:-Yx ar,1-.,o!:H DrJd , <t'h
ye m low~ m 3 rninu~ . Frnd hiss . U. A tra.in tra vels 25% fas ter than a car. Both travels between A and B which are 120 km apart.
2. ~.iC.ie' N ~ e- I
~.,,,., - u: r ,mo , ~ h~ ~ J>l::(:d in km/h and m/s. Both start from A at the same time and reach the point Bat the same time. Howe,·er, train lost
in I hour 30 -
. minuu."!>. I-low far is his about 18 minutes while stopping at the stations. Find the speeds of the train and the cac.
3 >.:a-~~ .-i ?'1 .:m / 'r "-'
'.: ~ ,if,y> ~olfiu:, wtuch ;_., 15 ~ 14. A person has to cover a d istance of 8 km in 45 minutes. He covers half of the distance in two
cm away. How long will she take to reach third of the total time. What should be his speed to cover the remaining distance in time.
15. A car travels fin;t 180 km at 80 km / h and next 180 km at 70 km / h_ Find its average speed.

Ouam 65 _ ____

~
 , ru,. h..~ .it ,1 "f"--'W ,,t } km h .md n?tum:- b.id. tn his house at
bJ \... h h fi SEATI NG ARRANG EMENT
le. ~...---
\ l .1,- .....~ :._, ,-.tn."\: tn.){l'
c to is o use, ind the
: ~ '- it I-<' u~ 5'1 er. mute-;; m ~>m~ t,.., ,,ffi,--e ,md n.>tum
In sea ting a rrangem en t w e ha ve to a rr
,,m.._" n c la s.si fv the p bl , I ,mge a g ro up o f persons fulfilling the given cond itions . We
...:.~-..""' M>n't'I\ !-"" h..~ .1.nd c,1 . . , ro e ms re a ted to scatrng a rrangement in th ree types.
_ .\ ~.,,., t;-.1wl.,. tn.irn .\ tl' B .it ~ i.,m h .mJ ret\l~ b-lc\... fmm
B to A by d1..--credSin g his
1 I. Lmeu arran~emen t: In_th is type o f a rra ngem en t we ha ve to
a rra nge the group of persons
~--± h -
::---.. F-cc.i ru:; .....
J\"\'rd~ "f''W in a line fu lfilling the g iven conditi ons .
his
l:.-- .\ -.r nJe- .1t ~ 1 k..--n ht-,,, fu'-t :t h...,ur-- .md .1t c-0 km h fc>r the n.:-, t 3 hours. Find 2. Circular arran gement: In this ty pe o f a rra ngement we have
to a rra nge the group o f persons
,1\=.l~ "t'~ around a circula r tab le fu lh lhng the g iven conditions.
dt 9 : 00 a .en.
1., n-,,.- J.~°"' t,,,.>t\,"\c'el\ r-,,, st.1h\Xl>' \ .1nJ '\ i;s ~ 1 km. A train s tart!' imm \ 3. Arrangeme nt arou.nd a square table: In this type c,f a rrangem
ent we ha ve to arrange the
tram std~ 1n.,m '\ .:it lO : 00 a .m . tr.:in,-ls to wdrds X at
t:"".1'd' t,,"-L"'\t- '\ .1t 7 _1 Ism h .\n,..,th.>{
group o f persons a ro und a squa re table fu lfi lling the given cond itions.
exa mples gi ven
"-' l,.r- I- \ t "h.lt tun.> w-tll th.> trams mt"'' t' Th e concep t o f sea ting a rrange men t ca n be lea rned w ith the help o f solved
::,J. "',, r---.-...-- , :.1...-t tn.'ffi ~ ,-.).ffit' r l.1,"\c' n J 1n_,:: in th.: S.lffit'
J.in."'\."tlOn ,l t 20 km / h ,m d 15 km / h be lo w.
,.,_..._.--,x tr,,•h \
- Jt._,..- h,.," man, h.._,un; " ,ll th.:-y t...• 3\J km .:ip,ut?

:1 \ ,:,:,,> t-.u.., ru..--,;,. .it th,.· 'f'-"'\.1 ,,1 -.:?. km h ,n= .1 pl.itfom, 12\.l m k,ng in
15 s..>conds. Find
•i•MiiffJ•Mi❖MiABI J
...,__. l..~-th ,>t tt.> ~,~ tram belmv it.
ngth of second Example 1. Rt!ad tlze follow i11g i1,for111atio11 ca refully and answers the questions given
_ T"'' t:-.1,,..,_ m-,.-i.'.':\..: .it 4-.., 1-.m h .i.nJ ~ km h m th.:- s.mw d in?'--tion. Tot> le sitting in a rmv. Eis
S<.'\."Dnd s imm the time they Ni11e pt!r,;-OIIS A , B, C 0 , E, F. G, H a11d I are wa/c/,i11g a foo tball match in a stadium,
tr ,1 " · , , : \1 m and tliThc' taken b~- tht'n1 t\.' 1..n= ~ otht'r i,- 150 of D and at fourth place to
at 011 ., t'lld of the row. B is seated adjacen t to F and f. C is to t!,e immediate rig/rt
c1'., 't Fin.i th..• l..."{\c th ,,t tt.> tin-t train. right ofC.
They cross each
riglzt of A. His immediate ltft of G. G is at sixtlz place to tlze left of E. Fis immediate
:.., ·"•' tr..u..,,.. ,,: \,.~-th l ~ l m .i.nJ llll m ,In> runni~ in 0ppu-itt' d in?'---tions.
(i) 1,vrite tlze st'11li11g arra11gcme11/ according to the given conditio11s.
,'<h..- m" " ' '-'""' It tlw "l-"""' i l\t fi.n:t tr.1m ,s ~ l...n1 h. find
tht' Sf""-'-1 o f StXo nd tra in.
st.md in~ cm tht' roo f o f tht> train (ii) I V/zo is sitti11g at t/ze ce11 tre of tlze row?
: ~ \ tr.1" l "-.' ~ "-'<\.>: ,,. runnin._,: .it a "f'-"'-J ,,i 121.l 1-..m h ..-\ m ,m
.1t Ill km h in op positt' di r=tio n . Fin d the (iii) W/zo is at otlzer e11d of tire row?
--..t:1:- '"''-'"' ,.,,,._ .,.lJ ,>t tlw tram tt., the• ,,tlwr t'nd
tt·ctt' t.1\..,-, h m= ti., n"-\\:h th.- ,,th.:-r l'nJ . (iri) Wltat is tire positio11 of I w.r.t. G.
of lrcr<11 many
1t' timt'. Th t> fas ter (,•) ff all tire frie11 ds are allowed to sit alplzabetically,from left to right, then tire positions
-"'- 1" '' tr.iu,:... L:~..l m.1.lll..t lll'm m l<'n~t~ m,"·..: in tht' ;...1m..,din.'di,,n ,1 t tlws-m
train m o ,·t's ., t h a lf of f rit·11ds will n'lllai11 1111clm11ged?
tr.1m ,,-..nvi...~, ,,,-.ect_.1\....- tll<' ,-1,", ..:r tr,1m m l5 "'-'-'-md,-. Ii thl' ,.1,,wt'r
t- --.......,-...t th<> ' " "'-'ft,tkn~ ,,...,ulJ t.1h· Ill ,..,,m.i.:-
Fm,i thl' "P'-'-'-i ,, i t\\",) tr,,i ns in m / s. Solution. (i) It is given tha t Eis one end of the row.
~ t . L~-t tlw "f' '''-J ,,! Wt\'r tr.im t-.> 1 m >- .md tlw ,p,..""10f
sk>\n.>r tr,1in bt> _v m / s. So, , ve have h vo cases
11'.• d.i,.t.1.n.,, ,,,, l'n.,l h.' CTI'&' ,, i.:h ,•th,·r = l L'-l1 +- l lll) 111 = 2-lll
m - - - - - - - -Em E- - - - - - - -
CL...- L is.d .ltl\"\.' >-r,c...-J =' - y lt is give n tha t G is a t sixth place to the left of E.
So, t;,e second a rra ngement will be rejected because there is no.left place to
E.
~-1..l
, , \ ~ C I"' .,,. \ - .• = le, ... (i)
Thus, ,ve have
--G-- ---E
Ag,1in it is g iven th,1t H is im med inte left of G .
... (ii) .. ( ! )
So. Wt' h (lVt'

- H G - - - - - E . . . fO d <II fourth place to the right of A.

Ans,, ~,s Now, it is g iven thnt C is to tht' inu11c<l1 ,1t~ nght o .1 11

1 1, l.. m h ~ m , l. u ~n, Sn, these cn n be arrnnged li ke

4. ISll 1-.m
S. l h ,n ,r -Ill m inuh.·,- A-- D C
\... n, h lt is give n th,11 F is imnwdi,tlt• righl nf C. So
Q :_- 10. lt- 1-.m 11 . l•ll l-.111
,\ - - D C F ·, . _. 1,,F,1nd l.
ll i~ gh'l'll th ,1t Bi~ ~c.1t cd ,1d1,ll..t lll
h1.,H N l ~m h 1-1 . 1,, 1-.m / h 15. 7-l .o7 1,m / h .. (2)
Ill. !>ll l-.111 / h Sll , w~ h,n ·c
17. ~i; 1-.m h l!:I. I : 00 p .m .
-:!. 1. l1'll 111 .,"I l 1ll 111 23. 70 l-.111 / h t\ - - L) C F 13 l Wt' hnv,· tin· fin ,11 ,11-r,111~1•nu-nl :
2
O n ,·11mbin h 1~ ( l ) ,11td ( ),
:_r; , 1 ~ "' , ... 11,111 ..
AH C D C F IJI E _,, '\~ 1
67 LJ, I
o ua11tit.1 tiu: 1\p tillldl·
\. L.. I
=www:
 S oluthm . It i~ ~l\'l:n th,11 tlwn• <1n· IW f' n•w~ ,,1 thn-..· ,.,,.-h . Civ,•n ~ Is s,'l'ond 1,, the· It-fl £\f U, w,•
l ,, -,tt~ ,1t tht· ,-,.,11tn· ,-t tht· "'"
'""' ' ' tW () c,,st•~
I I \ l' .,t
th.· ,-tht'f ,...,,., '" th,:""' . S - u ( If - - -
I I I,, JI th<· titth r l.K\' ti.' tht• n,,:ht pt l,
s - u
0 tl l ; ~) l F\ I~ I E Ci\'l'n !hill R b the• m:i~ht>c1 11r £\f T ,,ncl Tb no l ,,1 th,• ,·nd of a ny ro w,
the n hil V<' follo wln)\
ti C ~n E ~ I':. ) l,. II
wt'
\tl l;,,,·n ,.1.rr.lt\Li"Ol\'lll ' '
\ trti.i~·tt, ,,1,,nkr \.'
S - U or S - U or RT - or - T R
:-,., thn,: tn,·n,1- \ D .m,1 I' ,\'\II n·m,1in 11n,h,1nfl'd. RT - 5 - U 5 - U
. - TR
. . ,. . . m •mr,1/r,•11 ,1mf11//v 1111d a11,111"r thf qu,-;lillll> sillt'II lie/ow 1I. Also, given that Q is the neighbour of U, we have the following cases:
E, .a.mrle 2. /<.,'1J th, h>/1' •111, , h . ·. ·irnilar tal>lr {,1ci11~ toward, cc11lrt'. Q is
11 S Q U nr S - U or S Q U or R T Q - TR
f ,-:k' .,.tt.,,J. I "' L \ I '\ t1 /'1111,/(l an• ·<11tm ~ 11n>11111,, . ' or R T - or
. . ' f' If if{/,,; j. pi, the 11fiSh/~)llr of. N. 0 1~. 0 11 tire RT - RTQ - TR S QU
,t,"t w nn, hh_,ur \,i \ t At'-ll Q l!- ~,ttrns llll t1lt m1mt"I. ,a . .
5-U SQU
(v) (ui)
..,moioitc ns ht ,,t 1' L ,,. ,ittms rdr1'1cnt N 1111d 0. (i) (ii) (iii) (iu)
1
\1) l\'nl~ the ;;,.'1l1t1S 11m111_,~·mmt .
But in cases (i), (iii), (u) and (ui) Q is not al the diagonal.
(11) l\'ntt· tire 11,~s/r~III":' c>f fl I. So, we are left with only two cases:
(m) lfntr tire prr;:,.111 ,rtti11g 11L<I Ir/¾ of Q. S - U or RT Q
(rd l\'nlt' th, ,,.-r,wr ;itting /,etmn1 L a11d P. RTQ 5-U
(,·) \\'nit' the 11nglr/,.111r, of K. So, final arrangemen t is
L
Solution. (fl Start with K. Let K take any seat around the circular table. SP U or RT Q

O
G" ·,m that O is on the immediate right of K, so O sits immediate RTQ SPU
to the right of K. Since Lis sitting in beh,•een O and N, therefore, L Hence, S is sitting diagonally opposite to Q.
p K
sits immediate to the right of O and N sits immediate to the right
Example 4. Group of 8 persons A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H are seated around
of L Gi,·en that Pis a neighbour of N, as the seat on the left of N is a sq uare table w/rile facir1g
towards each other, two persons are seated on each side. There are three ladies in a group
already occupied by L, so Psits on the immediate rightofN. Thus, and they are
not allowed to sit next to eac/r other. F is seated between H a11d B, also C is seated behveen
the five friends K. 0, L, N and P sit together around the circular E arrd B.
D is a lady member who is seated second to the left of F. A is a lady member seated apposite
lo B. B is a
table as shown in the adjoining figure . male member. A lady member m11st be seated i11 between Band E.
Three seats are left and the three persons J, Q and M are left. As Q is sitting
immediate to
the left of J, the two possible arrangements are as shown in figures (I) and
(iz) given below:

L L

O 0
(i)
Q
I
K

Now one seat is left and one person M is left. As M .

(ii)
p

Q
J
K

L
TABLE

e· hbo fQ, 1s nota

O
n zg ur O . so th e firS t arrangement is rejected and the final
a rrangement 1s as shown in the adjoining figure:
(ii) Neighbours of Mare J and K.
(iii) Person si tting just left of Q is P.
(iv) Person si tting between Land pis N.
(v) Neighbours of K are o and M.
P

J
M
K

D
Answer the following questions o11 the basis of the above information:
(1) Identify the lady members.
Eumple
of 3. Six students p Q R T dU . . . (ii) Name the member who is seated immediate left to B.
~ any row. S is. second' to'tire, 5left' ofanu Rare
• s11tmg. m two rows, tiiree m
.
each row. Tis not at tire end
members r ~ · is I1re neighbour of T Q · th (iii) Name tire members w/ro are adjacent to D.
0~ 1wo raws. Who is sitting diagonally opposite to Q? ' .
IS e neighbour of U. Arrange the

~ ~Appli ed Ma 1l1crna1ic, -X /
~~ 69~
Q11an111a_tive , AP.liluc e
1
=:\;~
 1-tlv 11n I
1lll/1' 11l1 •n 1 111 1111
1

I l llll' fl111il ~1•1111 0 111 ll'l' 111 l11w1

1111 111
11 11 1111111 "
, , , 1, ,111h, · ~ •'
i i (II) Nr11111• ti,,, /1111111
,w,
11//111,, 11,•lx ltl1r,r11H

'
.i 1111(/ /'1
11/ (),

'"' "'' " " · '" "' I ,, (Ill) Wit11 /11/11 1111
1

haw •
1 1111S IHon 11 11• lmm
ndla l.1• f,tft o( 'J, HO, w,,
lio lul/1111 , (/) C:lv ,,111

► JI

lmm cdlMe left n( San

()
d U Is lmml'dlate nei$
lhbour n( T, Ii(), WI' have

Q,
Given lh/11 P ls on the
► J,'
l, ◄

r II
Giv en th M R is sitt ing
seco nd to the righ t of
U, so, we hav e

OT
J)

R
in
mb er mu st be sea ted
g i~1 c_n tl~a l fl lady me
111 Gn"t'n that A and D ,1"' ladv membl•rs. Als t\ we en Ba nd E. So, C is the third
1s s1ttmg 111 bet
final arrange me nl C
l-etweCT1 Band E. In
the
lad, · mem l.>er.
s aw A, C dnd D.
HL'~c-e. the' lad l' rneml-er p 5
0diatr lrft of Bis F.
(111 The meml.>e
r " :ho is sra tcd imm is left, so, final arrange
me nt is
o aw adja cent to Da w G an d H. Now, only person Q
tml The meml.,ers \\'h Q
es. On the occasion of

O
and has won many priz
R,yo L< J..71o ;i,11 for her
good photography skill tog raph. Riy a had them all sit 011 a
Eu mp lt 5. clicking thei r pho T
cousi11S approached her for ofRan i. Reeta is between R
'.im11v .'unction fiPt' ia is sea ted lo the right
IS /cf/ lo Rani and
to the right of Bubbly. Mar
~- h SryJ
:\1ana.
R.a,i 1 anJ p

111 l\ 7u, IS seuted m

the middle7 U and R
(ii) Immediate neighboru s of Qa re
IS seuted immediate righ t of Reeta? 10
l\'ho
(:iJ e following d R.
Bubbly, so w e hav (iii) pis between San
and to the righ t of
is seated leh to Rani

M~•" (l
Solution. Giv en that Siya
ca;, e;,

. lh~;,=~:~: ~, •i""
- Maria
Siya, R - Rani and M
Here, B - Bubb!_,; S -
- B- S R,
B 5- R- , B- SR
- BS

to the
-R, B- 5 -R, -
-, - BS R - , B S
righ t of Rani.
- B SR, B- -S R,
R --
BS -- R
_~ Ele ven friends. . ed.i
mrefallym d
G H ' ' anI J
=- 11 ,,~ H, ~ g,w ,
d K are
th
wat
.
ching Ja ismo
h f . the
A, B, C. tD,l E,ft F,of D' and third to e ng t o I t of E who is at one end of the
. the seco nd to the
righ
t,5 )
vie m aedia
imm te
a hall
anemneighbo.ur of g

G11 en Mana is seated e of G. A JS

a e left
mudn to the
righ t to Rani. in a row. H d1sthir D is seco nd to the right of C.
ve, there is no pla ce th . ht of D and
In first 6 CAses given abo ve A and
. Fis sitting next to e ng
B an
6 cases. Now, we ha row
So, we re,e,ct the first arra nge ment.
- B S R M, BS R M
-, B S R - M 1. Write the seating
BS - R M, B- S R M, i and Maria . J sitt ing at the cen tre of row?
~ is between Ran 2. Who is
(,1\£-rl th at with on Y
. la left hbours H? of
In hr~t 4 ca~,;, i:;iven abo v th , ria, so we are 3. Wh o are the neig
"'• ere J.!i no P
ce between Ra ni and Ma rson s are sitting betwee . n E and,
F?
0
.,,,. , ~7N --nt 4. Ho w ma ny
pe . .
to the ngh t of K.
,.t.a, Maria si tting fifth
!',ubf,Jy, Siya, Ran,, l<(_- 5. Nam e the person bf'low ii (6 to 10).
1,:; giilt 'n t of E
"rran;;ement. , I 1111,;u w th<' q11tstio w Dis sitting second to the righ
.-,/,i41 •• l1lli ftnal M-a
tin;;
m11
.
tio11 rnri'fi1lly a, ' .. . H . ·tr g betw een
th,. middJ,.. J<e11d the following i11for sitting m a ro . of the row. i.s s1
m
ft/ Kin,'" "'·;;lh:J in D, E' F, G, .H and I areis si ttin at one end
, Ii h f t of A.
t i°'h~· ~ F. Fis si~ting
M,,,,,, It ·~•41 /,;J ltnfTll!.d, Nin e girl s A, 8, C, edia te righ
1111 ·;, · n;; t ,, Jli-,-1.;j _
. Sjg to the imm
' . . . and C l.8 sltti_ng third t~ dthetorigh
the r g o
l,- 6, ~If pm.,,11 )I'. {.), I<, S, 'l fin(/ /J llrt• 111111 0
centre. ,
their /acrfi toward11 flu: f' / slllt!IK F and G. 13 ls si tting thtr
l:u mp ~ ½ Ir/ c1rcf,, with , ' 6
''""'"''"'Ir
11 1, 111
f,,j, 11' t I ) 11111' 1111111,,11,1,1,, /1•'i ,
,r c 1///d LI ,,,
, , l1111111'r//atr• 111•i:,:hho11r o/T
" //,,, r , 1 1
o ou ~n,11,ll/v.- Ap1i1ud
<.'
11
•nr,11d lo !hr ri,:/111t/
Ii)
t,:,-i ,, ,,
Vlm r I/J,, ,,,11, 1, 111,,m1 11 1

I'/
A1,1,/i,,t M,,1/11111,,1,,
 l 4 1, t"l .. ._ ~ l.T ~
T .:;:--
~ ~-:s; z?frr r;;;;..
_;J~~
~ ;r,. ~
':'";, r. Ir - - · ~ ...... - - - J:.ic L::e ::::a :.~~ ~
~.a ::J i5 ..:;. ....c-., 11i-.j1: ;;g9
..
1
~ ~ r : ~ -~~ :; a ~
-
...,. al
-
:,r-

1,1 .e.,
~..L--..:
-m..--
'14h:JtO ·r ~

1....-u:-f-
. ~ =. ....;;,. ~-=c c~
-:a::r,
x; b,, -c-crt 'T ""'fJ:z!,-
h ==r :rr ~ :u:JlQ Q_
- ' j ~ ._ ~ .----
-:- _.cc:: . E C ~
-
il'I ~ ~

Tll .,_...,,... a .11""'1! ~

~ -=--~_.. -ftm:. 'C 11¥ ~ T ~ . : . .-
•1u:::'
'l!l!:i::D, ~ iC-hli CElle ::t T
r ~ ::r '= ~ ~ :c f u t =
:,] a.c ~ -
., ""'ncr -..::: ~ 2' ~ =it.a:
~~;rt:, ,~ =
n ~ h •z ~ fr-r- ~
uz~~~~ - , , , : a ! ~ i.,,;;;. ~
';;- =.m~:n:i_ ~ _z- .t:.,.
,m_~ - -:,, ~ ~
..ek'w a::c J..,,::, ~ a l : ! n::r
~~ ~ -.~ .me. 11-:ll. ~
::= ~ ~ ~ ~11;&.:bie =
~-~ ~sc = ::I:--
_.,.._- ,. _-
= = - 2::e :s:rr
• ~...:.~ ---e~- .;..-r- i;-~.e !:_
r~::c
- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~
:,,;:; cla,,
~~a:-~-: i:::tt.

~:-,.. - ::w ~ : : t :-
- "'ll&· x - : : r x ~ ~ ~ : : c
:-:::
- ~ ~ ~ - - ~~~ 3--- ""U
. ::::.:r. r, l"e ;;:m...."Uii!-
i:. --~ ~ ~ x h ~ ~ - = -
W-:a=-- ~ ...., ~ - - C ~ -------
- - - -- ----------
----
~:5 '1~ - - - - -
:.. :3....\l filG -=cF
~~ ~ 1 . . ~~
~~ iY't. ..rn.::=.a-e 5It :tc: \:"~ _.i ~~~
= s :x:e -~-u r.J'- = ~ -..- :i-.::" '" ~ - - = cr•..r' l. .;:_
: • --=--=. 1" ~ ts;=- W IT.. i:'EGc\....::CC ~

- • :., ~ JI _,me: ,;{

~ ~-=- -ral !.er ..rr -

:1 ilr.:a ~ ~ ~ = ~ l-
:u ~ : C
== r-i tc- =:= =r = :J.._
. . - ~ -= -i: :e. ~-

::~=~ ~~~;~;~~~~~~~~
~ -l lt~ ==
W'llle..5: D::I ::l.:c ~~.!r
C-

:!. Wb,,_,, ~.e ::: ..r-..::-

~ Jt :
.:.;_ "&: _ a . , - : n , -

~ w1,u _..., ="'= =~. a r

.::ir-4 :, l1'W
- :z ~L?C :: ~ ::~w x .:t:
IL= ell,,~ ~ ::...~ 3C':
~~
::::~ ~ ., ..:_ l. -5 :- -
="' ::?lr =
cacic' =~ ==-= ==
::ecr~
cr..:..-= ~ ec .n:e ~Q..s xan:c: oc, ~~ Qf;.z:-'-=' --- ~
:._~
.i
c:::r c.= . \ - i:;

~ r~ -.:i~ ~2.a :t: :- r ..!::: ~~.. ::rR .

~ ~ T.c- :c:i1 !:!!. ~~~

""""' .,, ""'-'C:y ..ii: .ce::: -.I ,:-

::!.. -~..:, ~ ~~.::s: r