Logical Reasoning

:,\TRODUCTION a logical
a ski ll tha t allo ws us to em plo y critical thinking. It has
;:.-~rratical Reasoning is from one or mo re
of ded uct ive rea son ing , wh ich is the process of reasoning
q,-oach. It is a typ e ll learn Co din g-d eco din g,
mis es) to rea ch a log ica l con clu sio n. In this chapter, we sha
;:::=:ments (pre
~ -,.::-relations, Od d ma n out
and Syl log ism .

ux;ICAL REASONING the ma tica l

ces s of usi ng sys tem atic ser ies of ste ps bas ed on sou nd ma
:..:~ reasonin g is the pro
arr ive at a conclusion.
;;:a:dures and giv en sta tem ent s to s are des ign ed
tes ts are the par t of mo st of the com pet itiv e exams. These test
LDgicaJ reasoni ng tern s, num ber seq uen ces
's abi lity at ski lls suc h as cod ing -de cod ing , inte rpr etin g pat
r zScSs one
l. ~t: relations hip s bet we
en the per son s etc.
relations, odd ma n out and
this cha pte r you wil l lea rn abo ut cod ing -de cod ing , blo od
In
...r .
~U:,-6b-m_

Coding,Decoding rds or phr ase s into sam e

inf orm atio n in the for m of letters, wo
_~z-ng ~ a rule for con ver ting the
~'.,}~form of rep res ent atio n . ge sen t by a sou rce into the
ng is the rev ers e pro ces s of cod ing . It con ver ts the me ssa
.: ~i
•-.;t7.-rr14 tion which can be und
ers too d by the receiver.
ow.
Y°Jrftt basic me tho ds of
cod ing -de cod ing are giv en bel

~ Coding oth er alp hab ets acc ord ing

in a wo rd are replaced by certain
: : 0 typt of cod ing, the real alp hab ets . .. .
.
~ fie rule . For dec odi ng, we hav e to det ect tha t specific rule itio ns is very
,, ir pos
f od ' he kn led of English alp hab ets and the
ty
h,r this pe o a mg , t ow ge
· 1-,- ·

J~""ary.

:/:J~ ~r:~,:l~},:J
-1Lphabets and their pos itio ns:

f-
,: >: ~:llin f
~ • J
d h . Pos itio ns
,
we sho uld
.
wri
1
~.
te the alp hab ets m n gro up of
: . 'Jr fast reca g o alp hab ets an t e1r
' ~, ;:)
"l'Tl below :
 (iii) Multiplication -~attem: In this type of pattern , we m .
1 . .
D E ob ta in n e w p o s 1t1ons. For e xample, · u hply the positions of letters to
B C
A
5 . PENC IL is cod ed as PJBPRX.
1 2 1
G H J r E N C r
F He rc, L
7 8 9 10 .i. .i. .i. .i. J, J,
L M N 0 5 14
K 16 9 12
12 13 14 15
11 x2 x2 x2 x2 x2 X 2
r Q R s T
32 lO 28 6 18 24
1(, 17 18 19 20
y - 26 - 26
u \I w X
23 24 25 6 2
21 22
z F B F R X
26
)
Rl'mcmber lht' w ord E
10
0
15
T
20
y
25
Cl!!•m~li!il!Z!~IH!I
Example 1. In a certain language if 'GANGA ' is coded as AGNAG, how is 'YAMUNA' coded7
It " ·ill hl'lp us to reca ll alphabets and their pos itions.
Solution. Clearly, letters of the word GANGA are written in reverse order to obtain AGNAG.
J ,,, namplr For posi ti on llf alphabet I, we kn ow tha t I co m es jus t be f J ..
10 - 1 = Q _ S1mibrly, fo r pos iti on of \l•l, w e know that W is third a lph ab e t t re r' so pos1_hon of So, 'YAMUNA' is coded as 'ANUMAY' .
I\' ~ll, :- = ~:, ' rom , so pos1tion of
Example 2. /n a certain language if 'PLATINUM' is coded as 'A/LMNPTU', how ' DIAMOND' is coded?
In il' tt,' r rod mg, '"" ha\'C~different patterns given below : Solution. Clearly, the letters of the word 'PLATINUM' are written in alphabetical order to ob tain
\1) Rt> peti tion pattern: In thi~ tvpe of pa ttern, same lette rs in di ffe re nt o d 'AILMNPTU' .
c·o dmg. For c, ample~. r er are used fo r
So, ' DIAMOND ' is coded as ' ADDIMNO'.
1. CRIC KET i, rndcd a~ TEKCIRC.
Example 3. /11 a certain language if 'COMPUTER ' is coded as 'OUECMPTR' how 'CALCULATOR' is
I kn.•. , ·011 c,rn ~E'l' that letters are w ri tten in reverse ord e r.
coded?
2. CRI0-..1:7 i, wclc•d a~ EITKCRC.
Solution. Clearly, the vowels o f the word COMPUTER are written first, then all the conson ants
l:~n~ ~-o,:·,·1' are wri tten firs t then consona nts, both in rev e rse o rde r. without changing their order.
3. CRllK l:.7 ,, rnd,,d as CCEIKRT.
So, 'CALCULATOR' is coded as ' AUAOCLCLTR'.
I kn.·. letters an.• w ri tten in alphnbetical orde r.
Example 4. /11 a certain la nguage if 'LUCKNOW' is coded as 'NWEMPQY', how is ' DELHI' coded?
-1 . MULTIPLICATION is coded as LPITLUMNO ITAC I.
Solution. Clearly, each letter of the word LUCKNOW is moved two steps fo rw ard to obtain the
I k,-..-, sp li t th,· \\'Oro in t\\'o eq ual arts M , . .
n.·,·el'l'l' 1•nl,•r 1 ,. Ll'll'LU ' . p ' ULT II L : ICATI O N the n write e,1ch part 111 corresponding cod e
.· "1 : NO ITACI '
111) Add ition-s ubtn rtion pattern· In thi 5 t . L U C K N O W
tlw 11<'"' fX"'1lton of th . I • · ype o f pa tte rn, w e ad d o r s ubtract o r bo th to obtain .i. .i. .i. .J,
I' ., ' t'ltt r. For P>-~mp k ~, +2 .J, .J, .J,
1. LA) ER" rcxl,,l <IS QNOCJX. N W E M p Q y
lh·n.• I' L A y So
R
D I
+:-! +6.J.
Q I'..: +2 .J, .i.
' -...r11 ' D C X
- . ERE" ,-..-.J,-J ,t.s l'OIDSD. F G N K
11,·n.• S p H 'DELHI' is coded as ' FG NJK'.
E R E
·I . - 1. - I! h,tmple 5. fo a certai11 /angu11ge if ' INDIA' is coded as ·KMFHC, how 'AMERICA' is roded?
+ t! - l!
r 0 I s Solution. .
3, I \ll'LR" D D
,-..>J.-.1 -t> MDL5\ L' M H
H,·"· I -\ I -l t -1 t
r u R
A
\I
-) .. ?:t..
N D
+2.!.
s \ L'
+2 .!. +2 ~
F C
 ~
(]Nrh-. rll<' ~ N till' "'-vu l XDIA' roo,-ed 2 S'hc'f'l' i\,m -ard and
,ln? OOe s. If RAH UL' is rr1iJt'd a.• ll - 5- ll - lS
~temale.h
l
~~ f• ,
l.,,plt
._.,111 11011-
- 16, then rnm,:i'll/
H,•n' R i$ roded ,1s 22 which L~ its actu I . .
. .
.
' · you CtlJe VIRAr?
a positions 18 + 4.
~
Q B · • . rl\' /\ IS roded ilS 1 + 4 I.I'. 5.
-1 .. -1 ,. ",111'I 1,l . '
-1 "
· 1 ·• cxid•>d ns 8 + 4 = 12. U is coded as 21 + 4 =
1 25 . d L .
R l C A 1· an rs rotfod ~s 12 + 4 - 16
A M E v is equivalent to 22 + 4 = 26 ' - ·
.<!J ---2.J +2 l +2 J,
I is t>quivalent to 9 + 4 = 13
C G K C
R is equivalent to 18 + 4 = 22
AMERJCA' is roded as 'CLGQk'"BC'.
A is equivalent to 1 + 4 = S
wm:ple 6. In ii crrra111 Lmguagr if '/OKER' i!o mird as 'QLPVl', lion• 'CLOWN' is coded? T is equivalent to 20 + 4 = 24
11n d
Solution. We d i,ide the alphabets in two equal parts and draw a line of symmetry in between •vrRAT' will be coded as 26 - 13 - 22 - s - 24.
shown t,e!ow: as Example 9. If 'N' is coded as 28, 'X' is coded as 48 and 'CUT' is coded as 88, 11,en /,ow is 'PUT' coded?
+
5oJution, Here N is coded as 28 which is its actual position 14 x l Similarly, Xis coded as 24 x 2 =
A B C~ E F G H I J K L M' N O P Q R S T U V W X y z 4S and CUT = 3 x 2 + 21 x 2 + 20 x 2 = 88
13 12 11 10 ~ s ; 6 s 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 s 6 7 s 9 10 11 u 13 PUT= 16 x 2 + 21 x 2 + 20 x 2 = 114
It is clear that J which is fourth left from line is replaced by Q which is fourth right from the
Hence 'PUT' is coded as 114.
line.
Similarly, 0 is replaced by L, K is replaced by P, E is replaced by V and R is replaced by I. Example 10. If 'GOMTI' is coded as 74521 and 'YAMUNA' is coded as 835963, the,i /raw is 'GANGA '
So 'CLOWN ' is coded as 'XOLDM'. coded?
Example i . 111 a certain language if 'SHARPNER' is coded as 'LPBJFBJJ', liow 'ERASER' is coded? Solution. Here
0 M T I Y A M U N A
G
Solution_ Clearly, new positions of the letters of word 'SHARPNER' are obtained by multiplying ,j. J, i J. J. J. J. i
,j. ,j. ,j.
the original position by 2. 8 3 5 9 6 3
7 4 5 2 1
Here, s H A R p N E R G is coded as 7, A as 3 and N as 6
,1, ,1, ,1, ,1, ,j. ,j. ,j. J, 'GANGA' is coded as 73673
19 8 18 16 14 5 18 Example 11. In a certain lang11age PAC is coded as 61, how will NEP be coded?
x2 x2 x2 x2 x2 x2 x2 x2 Solution. If we arrange the English alphabets in rever.;e order, then positions of P, A and Care 11 ,
26 and 24 respectively. When we add these numbers, we get 61. Similarly, the reverse position
38 16 2 36 32 28 10 36
numbers of N, E and P are 13, 22 and 11 respectively. On adding these numbers, we get
- 26 -26 -26 -26 -26
13 + 22 + 11 = 46.
12 10 6 2 10
Hence, NEP will be coded as 46.
L p B F B
Symbols for letters
In this type of coding, the real alphabets in a word are repldced by different symbols such as•, #, @,
So, E R A s E R
J. J. &, ?, %, I\, v etc according to a specific rule.
J. J. ,j. ,j.
Example 12. If MADAM is coded as • ? # ? • and LOOM is coded as & % % •. then how will yo11 code
5 18 19 5 18
x2 x2 x2 x2 x2 LAD?
x2 Solution, Here, we observe that Jetter Mis coded as•, A by?, D by#, L by & and Oby %. So, LAD
10 36 2 38 10 36
- 26 - 26
will be coded as & ? #.
- 26
JO 12 ~roup Coding
---"'rung
10 ••-o,m ott_,..
°''!"<iii
t
rul
n this type of coding •'-~ coded ·
.,.,.. of ,.,.,,., •..,...,,wml ing
'ERASER' is coded as 'JJBLJ)'.
B L J '"mbe,. .0:, •· To de<Od" p,rtieul,• ,...i,., .... ..,,.m,wo«I"'
, rommon ood• wo.,. ,,;n """' thol wonl ,_.....,.,
Number Coding ccotdb'I "~1-::~ 1" ' '""'" rod< •ng.,.gt 327 ..... 'Th<~ • ..,...,., 79$3 '""'" '''""' • "" "'"'"'
11 xam
C '·,1

In this type of coding, the real alphabets in a word are replaced by certain n u mber or digits 1
to a specific rule. .,,, •· In the fi"t ,nd
1
""°"""°' ,
S.t,uo l6 """"' "lh<th d"" p,ri,I<'· W,,.t d«' 'E••;~· ••";. '"" ..,...,,
,tem"'b - - rod" .,. 3 ,od 7, ,nd wo«I• ,re _,oo
r 23s'\a;
11
.....\l;i.. and 'eternal'. Lor.@"ilt,K~ \ ' / '-
 c nm on code b 2 ond tlw common word 11, 'l . ()bq(•r Vl' th1• unit w lumn .
In the first and th ird bt;it cn,cnlb, c " rut11·.
~o 1,1111111 · 1 we get a numb1:r whose unit dio 't , 1
f·llr II 1 , . . ,,1 11, I.
So code 2 means 'tru th ' . . pott~ible only when 11 ~ 5 or B • o
. d t t ,n, •n t~ co mmon code is 9 rin d the common word '",
In the '-1.'Cond and tI1rr b .i c l · ~ 11qt'. I 1,1ij 1~
, - 5 th en
So code 8 stand b for word 'Enmi ty'. w1icn I' - ,
,, r '5hr ,s 1110/lter' 111ea 11s ' 1<11!111/ told fn tlwr', 'She leach
G)
Exa mp Ic 14. I11 a cert0 111 codr /0 ,.0110,.0 . , ,• CH C!,e, A 5
'RIii fi thn/1' and 'Motltrr tcncltrs SCll'IICr 1111•a11s f nllwr f1l01/S crickrt' Wh ll/s1,!f'
1111p1ny~ oo
mra11~ · · · /ch tuortf / 3
codrd as Science? Ii C A 5
Solution . In the firbt and th ird ~tatements common code is moth e r and co mmon word is father.
So fa ther i!> coded as mother se rve the multiplica tion of 3 by A
NoWO b
In the ',('('ond and th ird statements common code is teaches and common word is plays, 3 X A + 1 = CA
ultiplica ti on of 3 by A)+ 1 is a number whose un it di"it is A So A t 5.
So playb 1s coded a!J teaches. It mea ns (m ,,. · '
•f A have va lues 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, then on checking we find that no value of A will satisfy
Cncket 1s coded as Science. Now, 1
the equation
Lttter for digits 3 X A + 1 = CA
In th1.s ty=of
,- - cod mo" d1g1tsarecoded as letters in mathema tica l operations
. like addition , subtraction
.
Bi 5.
mult 1phcati on or d1n.s1on. For decoding, we ha ve to use the basics of mathematical operations. '
No w when B = 0, then
To decode th~ type of messages, we fo llow the rules given below :
AO
1. Each let ter must stand for just one digi t i.e. each digit must be represented by just one
X 3
letter CA 0
2. The fm,t digi t (from lef1 ) of a number cannot be zero. For example, we write the number
s1XI)' fi,•e 35 65 not as 065 or 0065. Observe the multiplication of 3 by A
Exampl e 15. Frnd A and 8 in the addition 3A = CA ( ·: A ~OJ
It is possible only wh en A= 5
1 2 A
3 x 5 = 15 ⇒ C =1
+ 6 A 8
A = 5, B = 0, C = 1.
AO9
Solution. Observe the unit column of the addition . .~ :;. EXERCISE 8.1
As A+ B cannot exceed 18 and the unit di git in the sum is 9, so A+ B = 9. l. In a certain language 'ORANGE' is coded as ' AEGNOR', how 'PIN'EAPPLE' is coded?
This is possible when · In a ce rtain language 'M IXTURE' is coded as 'ERUTXIM', how 'SOLL"TIO~ ' is coded?
2
A = 1, B = 8; A = 2, B = 7, ... , A = 8, B = 1. 3. l_n a ce rtain language 'REGISTRATION' is coded as 'TSIGERNOITAR', how 'PUBUCATIONS'
Now, observe ten'& column 1s coded?
A& 2 + A ca nnot exceed 11 and the digit below the sum of ten 's column is 0, therefore · In a ce rtain language 'START' is coded as UQEMZ and 'EXCE L' is coded as GUGZR. How is
4
2+A = J0 'PANIC' coded?
⇒ A=B · In a ce rtain language 'SACHIN' is coded as RZBGHM. How 'ISHAi\'T' is coded?
5
A = 8, B = I · In a certain language 'QUEEN ' is coded as OVCFL How is 'KI NG' coded '
6
Now check lhe b Um · ln a certain language 'TEACHER' is coded as GVZXSV I. How is ·STUDENT coded?
7
· If 'REPUBLIC' is coded as TGRWDNKE taken what infornution can bt' obtained from the
I 2 ® 8
+6 ®CD message PGOQETCVKE?
'· l,a mtaln Jangaage •AGRA' ;, roded a, ·cUBC', how ·I HANSI' Is roded'
@ 0 9 IO. In a certain language 'TABLE' is coded as 'NLIDXJ', how 'CHAIR' is coded?
ll. If 'MIRINDA' is coded as 151120111663 then how is THUMSUP coded?
Hence, the required di)lits arc A = 8, B = J .
12. In a certain language ' VIOLET' is coded as \96129217. Decode 1215~41142- ' , ,
Exa mple 16. / ind the dif< ilb JI , IJ and C i11 //11• 11111/tiplira lion 14 I 'POOR' is coded as 46 and 'BLOWER' is coded as d57•MALARIA'
13. If then how isisTOWER
coded ascoded.
5 then how 1.s
6
JI /j
· ,11 a certain language if 'CORONA' is coded as an
X J
CANCER' coded? <237'\
C JI H ~\. ~
<~:) /\pplicu M:111,rniatk,, XI
~

... ~
 ~
l S. If ·PETER' I~ coded rt~ 641Yl l, 'Sl~RV ENT' 111 codl'd m1 541 2471-1 nnd 'MAS'f'IJ
9'.3584 1, then h o w is 'f'P.RMANE~T' c~drd ? ,, ,, J{' I~ c,~
,,,tl'''' 1wf11w 1,f fNth• •r / <;,,,,,dfotl,,,, f tu•h.,,d 1,f ,1,,,,, /,,,,,,,
16. In a certa in la n gungc 45R n,c:in!I All ,11 we ll , fi76 mcn111< We ll done boy 11 ,, 0
1
"'"''!('( Ir, fav, P,n,thvr ,,., I
t, I
" Boyi, played well " . Wh;i t doc~ ' p loyed ' m cn n In thl 1; loni,;un~c ?
" LI ' d " 4SL "
nd 689
~.Ill
<:r~ndrrn,11 11 -r ,~,,, r,f /;,fl,.,, I
( hies,, lf / f:-rutlw r
I
17, In a ccrtoi n la n g u age 12J m cn n 11 r c ts goo , , " m cn n 11 You ore bod" , l'Mhc r
i I
M1,th,,, ,,f ™'r, I daur,ht•·r
"Good and bad " . Who t doc11 'ond ' m cn n ll In t.h1 11 lnngunge? "nd 472 rn I Or11•-.:lf/W,fv I
18. In a certain lang uage ·mcdo vas' m en n s ' Docto rs s ovc llfo ', 'crp (II sl'
!
- m co n 11 ' llf - ea~
Muther
and 'dgo can cdo ' means ' Doctors are god . What
word s ta nd for 'Sav"' . this lo
' .! 111 ~~1O\if
c Is pr- l'ather ,,f daur,htcr ;.,,,,, CJn,..,,,lf I husl,,,nc.J
19. In a certain code ' mte vcs rme ' m ea n s 'Save more t.ime ' , 'emt rfo two' nguage?
an
'
rme vge e m t ' m ea n s ·c·
w e m e more .
' Wh t d
a oes 'G 1ve'
' m ea ns 'Wait
mean in th'is 1anguage? for Ille' l'athcr
&m uf ll(m of grandmother/ '
d r,randfather Brother/ <met<elf / cousin
I I
Find llte volues of //re lrtlt'T'S in enclt of the following and give rensons fior /he steps 1•nvo1ved (20 Muther Da u~k., uf son of
20. 3 1 Q Cous in/,me'>Cl f/ •i•t<.,
21 . 2 A B 22. B 3 4 5 23 . BAlo 26): gra nd~other/grand father
I
+ 1Q3
~
+A Bl
818
+C9BA
8BA2 -x
57A
B 3 Uncle
Maternal uncle
-- -
Son of brother or sister
Daughtl., of broth£., / si.sk-r
Nephew
Niece
AB 25. AAB 26. AB
Aunt Grandson of father/ mother Son/Nepht-w I
~
24.
B X BA Granddaughter of father/ ·t Daughter or Niece i
X 5 X Maternal Aunt
mother
CAB 88A BC ------
\---- Uncle Husband of daughter Son-in-faw
1 ABC Husband o f aunt -1
IDCC --- Wife of UJ'lcle
Aunt
Wife of brother / brother-
in-law

- -
Sister-in-law
Wife of son Daughter-in-law
Answe~ - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - -- - - - - Son of grandfather/ Father / Uncle I
1. AEEILNPPP 2. NOITULOS 3. CILBUPSNOITA grandmother
7. HGFWVMG 6. IJLH Son of son / Da Grand.son
4. RXRDI 5. HRGZMS Daughter of father-in-law/ Mother/ Aunt ughter
9. DXCPEA 10. FPBRJ 11. 22102315212318 mother-in-law of father Granddaughter
8. DEMOCRATIC Daughter of son/ Daughter
14. 4 15. 641937478 Father-in-law
12.. ORANGE 13. 18 Father of wife / husband
Father's/ mother's only Oneself I
16. 9
17. 7 18. vas 19. vge Mother-in-Jaw son/ daughter
Mother of w ife/ husband I
ll A=~B=7 22. A=~B=ZC=5 Brother
20. Q = 8 Son of father / mother
Siblings
~A=~B=~C=~A=ZB=~ C=l; A=~B=~C= 3 Children of same parents
23. A= 5, B= 2 Symbolic representation of a family tree. To build a family tree certain symbols are g:i
25. A= 4, B = 2 26. A = 2, B = 5, C = 0, D = 3
below. These symbols help u s to indicate the relationship between the family members.
Male = c=i Parent-.Child = I (vertical line)
BLOOD RELATION (generation gap)
Any relation which is either b y birth or b y marriage is called blood relation .
For aample: Relations by birth are mother, fa the r, son, daughter, brother, sister e~c
311d Female= Q A
= CJ+ O r1.
relations b y m a rriage are m other-in-law, fa ther-in-law, son -in-law, sister-in-law, daughter-rn-laW, B and C are children of A
Husband - Wife
brother-in-law etc. C
Table given below describes the different type of relations that exist in a family: Brother - Sister = CJ Q tt
B
---- J
Relation
Fathe r of fother / mo the r

Term Used
G randfathe r

Relation
---
Daughter o f fathe r / m other

Tenn Used
Sister

Brother - Brother= CJ
Sister - Sister = Q Q
0
tt

tt
cp C
A is grandfather of B
Son / daughter of uncle / Cousin who is son of C i
Mother of father / mothe r G randmother a unt
m
l
Brother-in-law
Wift' of ~nndfatl1e r G randmother
G randfa ther

Brothe r of hu sba nd / wife

Sister of hu sband / wife
=-=--
Sister-in-law _ ~
239
Hu sba nd of grandmother g l <.~Ul .- Rt·asc>1"ll:n~ -.;..i\..~ -
_ ___,,,........,.,,_ ..... --
== \,238/" '
• : a : - - -? .
I re
lyri•·

Appli,J _M.11hc111 a1 1-:,- \.I

 N,'h' I' , \ \ I\ " ' ''
"t\hh'II
~'''"'' ""•~.\,1,1

,,,1111• ,,1h,•1 , , 1111,.. 1, 11 1 111,IH ,lh' 1111• " 'l,1l11 •11 , h l1•
1,t t''''"•~:
1,1 ,,,1, ,. 1h,' l'"'t,1,,111, , 111 ,1,,-,t 1\'l,11""'' 1,111h,11 ,• t.11\ 'llll'llll• l · l ··M 'llll' II

--
----
--- "-
~ ~

I '~ 1,,,/11 1 /'• /lll /•l•,11 1,/ ,,,

' ' I'• 1, ·/11 /1•,/ 11 1 /\1' 11111 t
I"11111'' /,~,1
\1 1
I 11 ' 1,,,1111 I:• h11 11l1,111.I 11I \I ui sl1I'
,,,11il 11 11 '

I ',111 0/liA11 , .-; ,,,,,,,,, " ., ,_,,.., 11/ /\11/111 , 1\111 " /1!11 I< ., 1-, /1•1· "' V,111,<l11!11 .
' · ~ti

I l,•11 •
"I '"''I11 111 111,1t11 ,
~ ~h·,,li
I 1,,,1111 I \.. \l,111"hll-- 11 )
1-.,1.' "
111 l,•1111, 11,,, t 11 •1 " ' l,111, •11, \I 1' \\' l,111\ 11111.11111', ) 11111~1 1,,.
,'l,'.11'. :, d1,1 1,1,, 1,:1,•r ,,I 1~1,h ll
1111
\ ' l l~11111h hi'<' ,h,1111.11-.• di.1 11 11
1111\ l\111 1 ,,,11w 11, ,11 11 ,,,11,111,1111 1 11111,,, ., , ,, 11 l--111111' llw
,~,•11,h-r. \. ~11111 1111 ◄ ► [ R11h i1 I (_ V,111, hi~.1-)
l~ .1n1pk 1. /•tt•ii i,.. ·11~, \ 1: -.11,/ l /1, h 1•t/11·1 ,: ~11111·1 1., 1111 l,v ., , ,,, 1
,.., I •
1 / 111,v :,: 11111 d/11//11•, ", 1/iiu, H ., _ .,1111,,1 i, s i"h•r, 11 \l,111shlt-- ,1
1, l\•l,11,11 1111
s,,1 11 11.111. Ih, 1,1\•lh,·1 , 1.1th1•1 1111,111, .- \ , l.ltlwr. \. ~11111 1111 ....., .. ► I R11hi1 • '--.._V:,111,h il..,0 ◄--• (. 1\m i,il, k.1 l
11w ,,nh ,,,11 ,,t "'' ~r,111,lt.11l wr 111,'1 11, ll , 1.1tlwr
_ t---i ;,- i-,,hit 's wif,, 's slsll'r
~' \ , 1.,tlw1 ,:: i;, 1.1th,,, \~\ . ,,,u:- 1' '
· -\ ,
1111
111,.,1 ;,- ,bh'1'- ln-l,111· ,,t. l">h11.
' '
II" l•11,1h,•1 ,,1 .\ .
,k (\. 1',., 11 / 1/1c· i11/,1r111111i,111 ,1:ii•,·11 /•,·/ow 1111,/ 1111>1P1'r t/1c· 1111,·, 1 ,
11111_ 11,,11Ji>/1,, 1,,:
I u1111•I,•: • l\•m/111, ,,, ,I 111,111 Ill th.· 1iJ1,,1i,, 1111•lt . ,I lt\l/1/1111 ·"' In'
• , ' • I Ii., /11(1//rt'I ·., ,,1,/v
' ,li111 '~1!1, .,. i,' Ill.V 111(1//t,·, · 1:,i••1I . ,, · l\il'l'i, 1',·k/111 , l:1 111/'II P, S1111n1l1/1 , 1'11_1111/. Al11/,il. Al1111ik,1, :,;1
11,, .. · ~ .t •t.J •t n --.. :tt\f fl' fi\Ht:,ut -I ,,111// 1I/, _ ,,11, 11 ,111d :,/111 111·11,1 ,..,,,_,;_, /, ,,(
, · · 1- , 1'iwi i, /l11 .,/11111d 11/· 1':,·k/1111111
-,
,I llir, 2 .,,111, 1111,l ,111,· d,111~/11,·r l',111111. Alo/111 "• l<c-Ah,1', ""'
, , ·,ii'n l /I 111 • •
S1•h11im,. 111, nll'tlwr , ,,nh d,111~h1t•r 111,\\t l ~ tn,\11 ·,- ~i,- h' r. -••' ' ,
•
• 1,1 ;, / '111/11/', /1n1//1N 111111 A h>11ih r', /m>t/1a -i11 -l,111• C1111•m r• /1,,,; 111~1 •
ill 1,111 '. · ill 11 11 1 ' ' ,
, /11/drm .
\ II n1,•tl1t·1 lllt\ 111' ,, ,,1n.1n:: m,,th,·r (i ) //,•rt• ;, l~111 11-11 1, 1\'lot,•,-11,1 M,1/lll ?
:-,., \ l.111 , ,1,h'r ,,. w,•m.111 ~ n1<1tlwr. (ii) /illl' ;,. s,111 n,/1/1 n·/11/1'1I ,1,, l\m•i:
1
~l.,n 1, m .11t·n 1.1I 11nd ,' ,,t 11·1,m ,1n. ... , , ;, Rir;•i ,-,·/11l<'d IP ::;/11111r_1/1L
(1111 11 I 11 •
l- , .amrl,· .~. /'. 11111111.-: 111 ,1.,·11/ 1'1::J1,1Nr ::.rid " Ht'/' 111,>thr'I' ., l1n >l/1a // 1•1, ;, A t.1/1 il rc'i11t,·d It> P111111l ?
i, th,· ,111/_v .<1>11 ,f 111y 1111>//wr '.s ~111,..,, \II ') I I . . - • -,
//,•., " th, s zr! , •11..rl:,·1 n-J.11,,i t,1 1'1::h.1/,/1 .' (l'l //i•H'i:-M o/iil ,-,·l11t,·dt,1:--11111:-l1 .
. . . , · · . 1, ··b ,nd ,,f Rekhri rind ha~ 2 ~ons ,md 111w d.rnght,•r l'~y.11
Solu tio n. I lt-r nwtlwr ,. hn,tlwr nw;in,: ~irl ',: millt'rn.11 11nd('. ~1,lutwn. 1' ''" l t!'- l 1~ '
('nl~ ,._,n ,,r nn · nwther 's fa ther m.:-.1 n,: Risha bh 's m a te rna l unc
k'. I~ + ~
~• ~1rl ,. m.1t,·rn.1l und<' is Ri;;hilbh ',: millr rnal unclt'
I
-:- ~1rl ,. nwtht'r , r,11,thl·r i,; Ris.h,,bh '~ nw ther ',; rirothe r
r-- +
==- ~1rl ,: nwtlwr ilnd Risha bh's motht'r an:• sis ters
~ irl ', nwtlwr i~ mitt,·rna l Aunt oi Ris hilbh . -, - o - Gv
Eumple 4. A and 8 al'l-' lm1h/c'r,;. C 1111d Dan· ,i,tfr,; _A ',; ::on is D
',; bwthcr. How B i,; n:/11/t'd lo C? ~lohit i~ Rekha's son-in-lr iw
Solution . A ,rnd B <1l't' bn, th<'r,:
[i2 ] + ~
CD IT]
I
~
]-C+ J- ~+
i
C and Dart' sis ter,-
©- ®
I
[ ~tohit ]
A's son is D's brother aya s brother and Monika 's brother-in -t,rn·
s+ ~
Saurabh is p I'
CD -IT J
! I
©-
B is Cs uncle.
®- ~
~
+ or -~ -~ i 7
+ [ M"iu<]
- '\
Logical R~asonin g
< 241
\_z
 '.Ji
Since it is family of 3 generations, Ga urav has 2 children so Gaurav has t0
and Swasti and Shau rya must be the children of Ga urav and Monika. be lllarri edto~ So•1,,e i,ave
~+~ ~~ C
r-- t
(Manager)
·~
~
Swasti -

+ l caurav J-
Shaurya
+

jsaurabh J- ~ + ~
~ ration,

+
E
(?)
--- 7
F
(Entrepreneur)
_ that there are two married couples. So, we have the married couple of first
pJ,<>, given
Hence whole fa mily tree is represented as above
Gaurav is Mohit's brother-in-law.
(1)
I (~r) I +
@
(11) Saurabh is Ravi's son.
(ui) ltwi is grandfather of Shaurya. !
(,v) Mohi t is husband of Payal.
(v) Mohit is Swasti 's uncle.
Eumpl t 7. Read tht mfomw.tum given below ami answer the questums that follow:

I (~ger) I ·Q
..
In o fam,Iy there are 6 persons A, B, C, D, E ami F. They are Entrepreneur, uiwyer, Teacher, Ma E '
Doctor ami Engineer. Tht doctor is the gramifather of F, who is an Entrepreneur. The EnginR-er
mamed to A C the Milnager is married to u wyer. ~
,a. (Teacher)
F
(fntrepr=)
l{en.ce whole family ttee with their professions is represented above.
8 1s the mother of E ami F. There are two married couples in the family.
(i) Bis a Lawyer.
(1) What IS the professum of B?
rri) £ is a teacher.
(1i1 What IS the professum of£?
liii) A is grandfather of E.
<1111 Haw A ,s related to[?
fro) D is grandmother of F.
<n·J IICl'/J. 0 1s re/awl to(? 'vJ Since the gender of £ and F is not known. So, number of female ~ cannot be
Iv ) J-fw many fema.le members are there in the family 7 , determined..
!>olu.tion. Th- d,)ct.(,r i,, tlw wand father of F, who i.,, Entrepreneur:
, . EXERCISE 8.2
A'b mother is the onJy daughter of father. If Bis female tilf1l row B i5 related to A?
!,~,,)
B'6
1
2. /'(Jintini;; to a man Parul 6aid "He is the onlv son of mv l]'lO!ref-in-!z'/. How is the man
I
ri:~ted t.o Parul? , ,
· l'r,intini,; to a girl in the photogr.aph, Aj,eet said uiw- father is the ont: soo of in:· fzfrier.
' 3
How fa; that girl related to Ajeet?
t A rrom lool--.s ata pi.ctute and i;ay6 "Her father's~~ SOO i~ my yQ!..ttlg£1' ~ - Ho-,,• is
! • he. rd.ated to the person in the pidu.r£?
1- ' lntrodudn;, to a man, a lady i,aid "The father of hi~ b ~ is the (Ill!:,• S(}!1 ci my roo!i-.er"'-
~ ~
():,rd!~p,,;flv,l)f)
li<,w ii:, !hat man related to the lady?
~
Tr,., J·..Pr-J,J...,.,r lJ ji, rmrf)J,;<) Vi A 6. A.run ,;,id, '1>Ji.i1',a the dw~ of my ~ b~ - rkf;,• is ArUl1 ·.o l!hi}2'
7. J'r,J.r,ii.n;, to a m,aJ1 Al--~Y f,.i.lio, 'Hib i~ my !,Oll'i u,'lOf:''. J-1.<f"' i~ the roan r':'¼.r.!::d '.ti
1J • A
~
() ,41,';J-f) /'iJ fa.J,-.,,h;,y? .
T,,., 11,i.,,,r<!>~r < >t- :1wr;,,,,; v , l/4W)"'t ' 1:" ••-"'" ,,1 Q ""' "'"""' d £, _,., C ~• - .,,s wl•;. "" i,jj,, ol T, ,t,o ..
( • ? or,lf'/1<:r•Al',
I whov,liY: dau~<iV, t;i) . , . .,..,,.,. l.,•
Ll,...,_.j_....,IO
I_Jl,,.w W/f'I) () feW'j.,f) < I) H,,w », p f L ~ to. V', ,,.. ..,.....,
,...i ,.., .. i,S ~ WV?
t 'A- ,.J,., r1~;:r~r ,If }; .-1>1 J, '"I H,,.,d,., p , ~ to S? .,.,, ""'"
/ ~ A- ,!,,,IJ'. ~wt'!i ,If tK:11·-1 Yf',J,.,.r.>tt,i,.J11. Y,,t,;,~ •;vr r 'A, 111 tlw<l r1~rv,pr~
/
~
·1,.-,,;/¾' JI,',. ) .. ~,.~ ✓ y7 f
✓
 k ·l "' .i nd ,in ~,n•r th e qu~ tion ~
th.it fo ll ow·
o. RN J th<' inlPrfTlah11n )!I' en '--l j\'1AN ouT
I . thC'n> are , ,, me mc.., ~ p Q R. S, T and U. Q is wife o f p S •.
. ooO
ln a 1,rn ~ · r T ._ the ,i;;te
. , . is the 0 n,,,n Ol1t prob le m a re very co mm o n in C .
11 f S. Q is the daug ht e r-in -law of U
11 r o .
mpeh llvc
" ·h0 ,, the t,r<'thcr ot . r. nly it.~ l \i < '(,1\p l1Jbc lS, word s,_ n u mbe
1 rs e tc. ) exce pt first, fo ll ow exa [n
. _, t r' (11
.
H0w . ' Who is 1,rn' tn\\ oW th
as ms._ these type of prob lems, all the
vOh, e
,1 H<'". L ,, n·1.itL'-' ,, . ) T 1 s rcl.it cd to I' ? "'Vil
., pl't -,pec 1f1c rul e o r patte rn is
lvidOl . . ca lled odd peer /Jc rule or patte rn . The ter
, tc-d ,, Q~ term or odd ·h· h
(11') H em ' Sis rel ated to U?.
, . .it' r(lb \c m ~ can be cla!>s 1hcd into three m w ic
(11:) H,11, R I~ n. 1d 1 11,c«· P ty man .
, h t. rrr •tion CI\T n k •lt1" · .md .insw cr the
. . _ , 1i,1 t,et s prob lem s pes:
10. Reau l <' m ,, l a qucs t10n s th11t fo ll ow·
In a l,~m1h ,,t ti mcm k •· r.- A. R. CD 1 1 111
. E ,111d F. Bi~ daub htcr -in -1.iw
· \\lord s prob le m s
Cr- the c,nh uncle'
01
o. A has two child ren F and C, o n e m a le a nd o f F. Dis g rand 01 2.
;-,J um bcrs prob lems
o ne fema le. E isC~ld ~
01C J. I
. odd ,1111 0111 i11 tlte following exa mples
til \\n, , the mc,t her-m -l ,1w e lathe, 11
FIIII 1 ·
11 ,,i B' (ii) \Vh0 is the g rand fath er of D? .
i/111 H,," D ~ relat ed to F7 /l C, D, £, F. G, H
1 (i<') H o ,,· Bis re la ted to D ? £,an1P 1e 1· '
. ~,.. E is odd man , beca use all othe
, 1 lf a C'nrl Gmarr ied into the fa m il v, then wha
i;;
111110 r alpha bets are
t will be the relat ions hip b conso nants .
1 etweenc 50
[' le 2 WU DB, OL, RP, Kl, NL
l I. In a tanul~·, there are, mem k·~ and f,art1Poll• OL
so\oti · is 'odd man
P, Q , R. S, T, L' J~~i \'. _
P th e h ead of , beca use .m a ll othe r pairs of alpha
.m d Tare t,n,t he~ and tx,th are doct ors. th e fami l y is a La bets ga p is _ 2_
S, the w1te o t T 1s a sooa l wor ker. Q 5t'e, w_ is 23rd a lpha b e t so_23 - 2 =21t h
" ·he> 1• dauc hter- i.n -la" · oi P. \ " is is the wyer.R
,,•hich s Ban d so on. But m case
alpha bet is U. Si mila rly. D whic h is 4th alpha bet, 50 ➔ _ 2
· , . . .the cou sin siste r of Q . 1f ther e are two
. marr ied SOnof
of OL, 0 1s 15th alpha bet and 15- 2
= !3th alpha bet is M .
a tt.>ma le teach er who is marn ed
m the famt lv, answ er the fo llow
. coupl es lJ, 0 2
1
ing ques tions : and 3 Red, Yellow, Blue, Green.
\I) \\110 L" marr ied to R ?
(ii) V\lh a t is th e prof essio n of U? [.,alll Pie ·
tm) H,m · T rs n>lated to \ 7
Soloti oll, Yello w is odd man beca use all
othe r are prim ary colou rs.
(i,•) H ow P is re la te d to S?
t2. Rt?ad tht.> infor mati on gi,·e n fxalllple 4. Apple, Potato, Oran
belo w and answ e r the ques tions ge, Mang o, Cher ry
ln.i famih". there are9 mem bers A,
tha t follo w: Solution. Pota to is o dd man , beca use
.
B, C, D, E, F, G , Han d I. This fami lycon pota to is vege table where as all other
are fruits.
a nd :, marn ed coup les. I is the gran sists of3g enera tions
d son of A, w ho is mar ried to a [xalllple 5. l11cl11de - Exclude, Import
D F LS the dau1=-hter- in-la " - of C. G, the doct or. C is the mother of - Export, Admit - Deny, Scared - Afraid.
teach er is the fath er of H , who Solotioll, Scar ed - Afra id is o dd m
.md I E 1, the daug hte r of F, " ·ho is is the first cousin ofE a n beca use in this pair of word s both
an e ngin eer. D is the s ister the word s ha,·e the same
of B. Ther e is a male lawyer, meaning, w here as in all o ther pairs
a rema le polt tician and three unm , both word s are oppa site in mean ing.
arrie d stud en ts, whi le the e ldes
t m e mbe r of the familyis
n>nn>d . Example 6. 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 37, 49.
(1) \\n o i, the polit ician ? (ii) \IVho is the lawy er ? Solutio11. Odd man is 37, b eca use
a ll othe r num bers are perfect squar
1:.il \\na t is the profe ssion of es.
C? (iv) Na m e the thre e s tud ents. Example 7. 8, 27. 64, 100, 125, 216,343
1:·1 H0 ,,· man \' child ren does the Solutio11. 100 is odd man , beca use
engi neer h ave? all othe r num bers are perfect cubes
tr·z) How A is relat ed to H ? -
Example 8. 12, 18, 21. 27, 34, 42.
A n swe rs Solution. 34 is odd m a n beca use all
othe r numb ers are mult iple of 3.
1. B is moth er o f A 2. Paru l 's husb and 3. Dau g hte r of Ajee t
4. Cou, ,m broth er
7. "-.1an i.s Aksh a\' 's fathe r
5. Nep hew 6. Aru n is uncl e of Ts hika
\c, EXERCISE 8.3
8. (i) P LS bro th e r-i n-law of V (ii) R is a unt of U Find odd ma, 1 011 t m
.
the Jol/owi11g q11cstiv11s (1 to 19):
2. BCD, COE. DEF, EFG
(1111 Pi~ broth er-in -law of S (i11) S is hu s b11 nd of V 1. AC, BO, CE, DG, EG, FH
9. (i) C 1s mo th er of P (ii) Tis daug hter of R 3. BDF, GII<, LMN , OQS, TVX
(111) R is broth er-in -law of Q (iv) S is the g ra nd son of U , up1te
4· Venu s J · r, Mer cury, Pluto , M00 n, Nept une
10. (i) F an itch, Cock a nd He n, Cow c1 nd Buii,
(ii) E (iii) D is the son of F ,lt,. Lion <t nd Liont'SS
(111) B ,~ the wife o f D . of E 5. Dog dB"
(11) G w ill be th e d a ught e r-in -law ' Peac eful - Quie t, Sma ll - Tiny,
6 Borro w - Land , Want - Dt•~i l"-'
11. (i) U (1
i) Teac he r (iii) Tis fa th e r of V , 1go, Blac k, G reen , Yellow, on,n• '<'•
7· Viole t f 11 dn,' Red
(1ri) Pis motl ier / fa th e r-in -law 8· C,ty,
. Tow .
Dis trict, Village, Tow el
of S a 9. Read"· W•it", Priot<•<, Pubtish"
12. (i) D (ii) B (iii) Doct o r (v ) Two
(iv) H , E a nd I " '"• P<ett y,
(i'i) A is the g rand fathe r o f H __,,.,,,,. 1O.· Attr
11 26
Beau
• 38,f50, 62, 76, 86, 98
tiful , M•« elou s, R,pul""
.
12, o7, oS, 62, 60,'7 , 55, 53, SO, 47
< 2~ App li.:J \1"1 iil·rn
 14. 2, 5, 10, 17, 26, 37, so, 64, 82, 101
13. JS, 25, 45, 55, 65, 72, 75, 115 for the g1v
. en statements; two possible Venn diagrams are shown below:
16. 725,871 , 642,954,863, 734,541 tlO''· _ ..,---..._
50IU
15. 2, 3, 5, 7, II , 13, 15, 17, 19, 23
18. 231,352,473,524,682,781,891
17. 16, 36, 64 , 81. 100, 144, 196
20. 6, 24,60, 120,210,336,505
19. 7, 26, 63, I 24, 217, 342, 511
Answers - -- 3. LMN
2. BCD 4· Moon ----..._
1. DG
6. Borrow- Land 7. Black 8. Towel
5. Cow and Buffa lo
(i)
10. Repulsive 11. 76 12. 53 (i1)
9. Reader
15. 15 clusion I can be deduced from both the Venn diagrams, so conclusion I is true. But
13. 72 14. 64 16. 863
Since con annot be deduced from Venn diagram (i), so conclusion II is false.
17. 81 18. 524 19. 217 20. 505 ncIusion II c
co Statements I: Some cups are plates
2
Exarnple · II: All plates are pots
SYLLOGISM Conclusions I: Some plates are cups
Syllogism came from a greek word Syllogismos, which means conclusion. Syllogism is a kind II: Some pots are cups
logical argument in which a conclusion is drawn from two or more given propositions or statern:~ lion, For the given statements, the possible Venn diagram is
I
that are assumed to be true. Sou shown in the ad'1acent fi gure.
The easiest method of solving Syllogism problems is using Venn diagrams. Since both the conclusions can be deduced from the Venn
In this method we draw all possible Venn diagrams representing all the statements given in the diagram, so both the conclusions are true.
guestion. Lf the conclusion can be deduced from all the possible Venn diagrams then the conclusion Exarnple 3. Statements I: Some cars are jeeps
is true otherwise it is false. II: All trucks are cars
To solve Syllogism problems, let us understand that how the statements can be represented
Conclusions I: No truck is jeep
using Venn diagrams.
II: Some jeeps are cars
(Q)
Solution. For the given statements two possible Venn diagrams are shown below:
Statement. All A are B
It means A is contained in B i.e. A is a subset of B but converse
may not be true i.e. B may not be a subset of A.
Venn diagram
([)
Statement. Some A are B Or Some A are not B (1) (ii)
It means A and Bintersects each other. So, we can also say that Since conclusion I cannot be deduced from Venn diagram (ii). So conclusion I is false. Conclusion
some Bare A. Dcan be deduced from both the Venn diagrams, so conclusion II is true.
00
Example 4. Statements I: All fruits are grapes
Statement. No A are B Or No B are A
II: All mangoes are grapes
It means there is nothing common in A and B i.e. A and B are
disjoint sets. Conclusions I: Some fruits are mangoes
II: Some grapes are mangoes
Statement. A = B Solution. Four possible Venn diagrams are shown below:
1,

It means A is subset of B and Bis a subset of A.

In the following examples, which of the two conclusions is/are true
on the basis of given statements:
Example 1. Statements I: Some rats are cats

8 8
II: Some cats are not dogs
Conclusions I: Some cats are rats (iv)
(iii)
II: Some dogs are rats (i) (ii)
11• 1111 / '\ 7· '<\·
 c,m ';"" I
"",.,.'",."';°"d"I;, " "
r,,,... C•t«·""d•"'"'';"""'"ii' ,,,.
"" '" "" m< J;, g,om s UO pLE (HOl[E QUES
;,
, l'< deVe TIOns
'..
' . d" ~. J by , nd (m) b
, 11 the '° '" not"by• IQconc1llslo'Ill
111ULfl
Ven n /""
t ""
"" ' (' ~II
11 • e t/ie co rrect an sw' .er from the given four optio
") ci,oo5 n . .
HE ND s questions (1 to
J. If ,fv1A G UJRA 1s co de d as OCJGPFfC then 'DfrnNE 28) ·
(a) FK (b) GLQHVK , . ·
. ~ =::. EXERCISE 8. P SH wil l be coded as
11111tcf 4
iillo11•i11s q11 ff •f( J(ATA ' is co d ed as 111 512
(c) BGLCQF
(d) EJDFI'J
~t11 ,f OL 111 201 then 'MUMBAI' .
111,. H•
liirl, //,,· 111~1 co11rl11~io11s 1ve11 sla t z. wi 1I be coded as
t. 5i ,t, m en • 1' Ail ,.~ i~/are tru e 011 Ille basis
oifg ' (a) 1220 121268 (b) 132113219
sa re pendls a co de lan gu ag e 'TAPE' . . (c) 1422142210
II: So me t,ooks are . I~ wr itte n as 4825, SMART (d) 152315
pe ns "" "ts 3. In . as 76 05 , the n ho w 1s is written as 91834 an2311
Conclus ions I: So me wr itten BASERA' written? d 'BONE' is
pe nc ils are book s (a) 789198 785198
II : So me pen cils are . (~) , _ , (c) 789538
pe ns In ac e ain lan gu ag e, 1f DP
rt · T 1s co de (d) 789138
Statements I: So me d as EQ U' then how wiU
2. cats are pets 4· (a) sQ X ' 'TRY' b
II: No pe t is lion
. (~) USZ , . e co de d'.
In a ce rta in lan gu ag , (c) SUZ
e, if BL OW N 15 co (d) QS X
Co nclus ion s I: No 5· (a) HJRGT de d as BLNOW' , then
lion is ca t how will 'RIGHT' be
(b) SJ HIU coded?
n: No pe t is cat If 'BR ED ' is co de d as
(c) GHIRT
(d) THlGR
# • ? %, then 'BR
Statemen ts I: All fruits are 6, (a) # & % % EEZE' will be coded
3. oranges ?% . (~)
as
?" '? o;~ .o/o #
II: All oranges are ln a ce rta in lan gu ag ' (c) # • ?, ? @?
on ion s e, tf CA ME L 1s (d) ? ? ? % # @
Conclusions I: So 7. (a) co de d as DBNFM, then
me onion s are NP PQ ho w wil l ' ROOM' be coded?
ora ng es (b) SP PN
II: Some fruits are on If 'BLEPIN ' is co de d (c) PPON
(d) NQ
ion s as '98 74 16 ', 'M AT PC QP
4. Statements I: Some s. (a) 2987 N' is coded as '12341
rajors are bru sh es (b)
6', then 'TABLE' code
3 32897 d as
II: So me bru sh es are (c) 38987
no t co mb s 9, ln a ce rta in (d) 21987
lan gu ag e,
Conclusions I: So me 'hi mi si' me an s
bru shes are rajors 'A ir is life',
II: Some combs are 'si ni zi' me an s
rajors 'B all oo n of air ',
s. Statements I: All bu 'ci zi m i' me an s 'Li
ck ets are tub s fe of Pi' .
II: All mugs are tub W hic h of the fo llo
s wi ng rep res en ts 'Pi ' in tha t lan guage?
Conclusions I: So me (a) hi
bu ck ets are mu gs (b) mi (d) si
II: So me tubs are mu (c) ci
10. 1n a ce rta in lan
gs gu ag e,
6. Statements I: All 321 me an s 'G las s
criminals are po liti of Tea',
cia ns
II: No politician is 426 me an s ' Te a is
pri so ne r Br ow n',
Conclusions I: All 796 me an s 'T ru nk
criminals are no t pr s are Br ow n' .
iso ne rs W hic h of th e fo llo
II: Some politician wi ng rep res en ts 'is
are cri na ls
mi (a) 6 age? ' in that langu
7. Sta tem en ts I: All (b) 7
rectangles are qu ad 11. Poffiting to a (c) 4
ril ate ral s pic tur e the ma n ,.i (d) 2
II: No qu ad ril ate ral gr an dm ot h« '. Ho d, 'Th e lady in
is a tri an gle w IB the the picture IB my ne
Co nc lus ion s I: All lad y in the pic ture related lo the ma phew 's ma t,m al
qu ad ril ate ral s are rec n's siste< who has no
tan gle s sister? othe<
II: No trian gle is a (b) Sister-in-law
rec tan gle .
8. Sta tem en ts I: Some · M(a) Cosh usiin Mother (c)
sh ee ps are go ats ~nak is Kitti 's siste<. !(a (d) Mother-in-law
II: All an im als are 12 avya is Kirti's moth
sh ee ps Di pe sh
«. Oipesh IB Kaavya's fat
's mo the he<. Esha is
(a) Gcandfathr.e,Th en ho w is Me en ak sh i related to Di
~
Conclusions I: So
me an im als are go ats (bl Gcandmothe< pesh?
II: No go at is sh ee + Q me an s P (,) Oaughtec
(dl Gcanddaughte<
p 11 ' T ' U me is the brothec of Q. R - S means R• the £,t
Answers - - - an s T ,s the mo the hee of S . 5/ T me ans 5
means that O ,s th• •mothethesIB
- --- c of U, wh ich of the followmg tec of
1. Both conclusions -------- (,) L+ M /N
I an d I1 are ------ -O (b) L- c of N1
tru e 2. Both co nc lus ion - - - -- - - M < OiP
3. Both concl usions
I an d II are
5. Conclusion I is false
tru e
s I an d II are
4. Co nc lus ion I is tru
e bu t co nc lus to
fa]~\
II is false
. mh ng to a wo m an
14. Po · · ;,, a ph o,o gc ap h,
(c) N /M <L iO
]<a mesh ,ai d "She
(d) M +L /O <N
IB the ,Jaughtec of the
bu t co nc lus ion II is tru e er
sts t of my br ot he r" . Ho w is tha t wo ma fa thee of the
7. Conclusion I is fals 6. Both co nc lus ion s (,) W n related to Ra
e bu t conclus I an d II are trUe ife me sh?
ion II (b)
- ---
is tru e 8. Slstec
- - - - - - -- - -- - --
Both co nc lus ion s
I an d II are false, __
__ .,, 15
· A wo m an in tro du
to the wo ma n?

ce s a ma n as the so n of the
(c) oaughtec
brothe' of i,e nn oth ec,
(d) Mo thec
How is that ma n relate
(d) Co us in
d
(c) Ne ph ew
(a) So n (b) Un cle
,/24~ .
 • :I R nnd 5 on.' bn~the rs. P's doughter is R's s is ter. Wh~t I
rrien 18 1·
. Som e ants arc parrots.
16. p nnd Q nr\' ~i~IC'r~ nm , ,, 8 Q's l'cl state II: All parrot11 arc apples.
5?
10 ill•
Qll°'1
(n) Grnnd rnolher (/,) Mother (c) Aunt (d) Sister 108 ion
8 1·. All a pples arc parrots .
cone II: Some ants arc apples,
17. Find lhC' odd mnn ou t
(b) Bus (c) A e roplane (d) Train
(a) Rickshnw
18. Find lhe odd man out
r,.ns wers 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (c)
1, (n) 6. (c) 7. (b)
(b) Circle (c) Cylinder (d) Cube 9. (c) 10. (c) 11. (c)
(n) Sphere
a. (a)
12. (d) 13. (d) 14. (b)
J9. n,e odd man in the number sequence t6. (c) 17. (c) 18. (b)
15, (d) 19. (c) 20. (c) 21. (c)
I 41 , 273, 385, 462, 543, 672 is 23. (d) 24. (d) 25. (a) 26. (b)
'])., (c) 27. (c) 28. (b)
(n) 543 (b) 462 (c) 385 (d) 141
20. Which number is odd man in the numbers 3, 5, 11, 14, 17, 21?
(n) 21 (b) 17 (c) 14 (d) 3 1n THE BLAnKS
21 . Find the odd man out from the given alternatives FIL~ blanks in questions (1 to 5):
(,) fJ tJ illo (~[J
(n) Insurance (b) Provident Fund fill ,n the . . .
(c) Salary (d) Shares CIRCLE : HNWHQJ . . PARABOLA . ... .................. ..
22. Find out the odd man from the figures given below: 1,
AIPVR : QZRKFI : : ... .. .. ....... .. ........ : YSLI<ZO
2. J
_ TABLE : 16232481 : : CHAIR :
3
(b) (c)
4
If A is the only daughter of the only son of the wife of the father-in-law of B's wife, then A is
· the ........ .. .. ....... ... of B,
5_ If Ria's father is the only son of Priya's father-in-law, then Priya is the ... .. .... ...... , .... . of Ria .
Answers
Instructions: In questions (23 to 28), two statements followed by two conclusions are given. Read the l. UFWFGTQF 2. BHOPAL 3. 24423514 4. daughter 5. mother
given statements and conclusions carefully and answer the questions by choosing one of the options
given below:
(a) Only conclusion I is true.
(b) Only conclusion II is true.
CASE-STUOY BASEO QUESTIOns (Unsolved)
1. Coding is a method of converting information in the form of letters, words or phrases into
(c) Neither conclusion I nor conclusion II is true.
same or other form for the purpose of secrecy.
(d) Both the conclusions I and II are true.
23. Statements I: Some goats are vegetarians. Decoding is a method of converting the message sent by a source into the original form.
II: All vegetarians are blessed. Some basic methods of coding-decodi ng are
Conclusions I: Some goats are blessed. (i) Letter coding (ii) Number coding (iii) Group coding (iv) Letter for digits
II: Atleast some blessed are vegetarians. Based on the above information, answer the following questions:
24. Statements I: Some pictures are beds.
(i) In a certain language if 'MATHEMATI CS' is coded as 'PDWKHPDW LFV'. How is
II: Ali beds are trees. 'STATISTICS' coded?
Conclusions I: Some pictures are trees.
(a) VWDWLVWL FV (b) VVDVLUWKF U
II: Atleast some trees are beds.
25. Statements I: Some actors are singers. (c) VWCWLVWL FV (d) VWEWLVWLF V
(iz) In a certain language if 'INCOME' is coded as 'HOBPLF' . How is 'EXPENSES' coded?
II: All the singers are dancers.
Conclusions I: Some actors are dancers. (a) DYFOMTDT (b) DYFODTMT
II: N o singer is actor. (c) DYOFMTDT (d) DYOFDTMT
26. Statements I : All harmoniums are . tr (iii) In a certain language if 'AMITABH' is coded as 3-lS-11-22-3-4 -10. How is
ins uments.
II: All instruments are flutes. 'DHERMEND RA' coded?
Conclusions I: All flutes are instruments. (a) 6-7-10-15-20- 7-16--6-20-3 (b) 6-10-7-20-lS-7 -16--6-20-3
27- II: All harmoniums are flutes (c) 6-10-7-15-20- 7-16--6-20-3
Statements I· 5o · (d) 6-7-10-20-15-6 -16-20-3
. me mangoes are yellow. (iv) In a certain language if 'ORANGE' is coded as 'LIZMTV'. How is 'APPLE' coded?
II: Some fruits are mangoes
Conclu sions J· Som · (a) ZLLOV (b) ZMMVO (c) ZKKOV (d) ZKKVO
· • .e mangoes are green.
~
II: hui ts are yellow. (v) In a certain language if 'SPHERE' is coded as 'EREHPS'. How is 'SQUARE' coded?
<'250 . (a) AEURQS (b) EARUQS (c) ERAQUS (d) ERAUQS
\.. Appl1ciJ M;,1Jic m;,, 1iL,, . >s_r
 B a Ina .
, E, F a n d bG. A a n d re
n m e m b e rs , A , f C h . h ro th e r o f A E 1.8 c rr1ed c 1
B, C , D
re a re s e v e o , w o ts t
e
th e coL, s~ %.,1
In a fa1nily,' th e e r. D is th e o n ly s o n
s d ie d . ·
~ s,1,
2. e in g the inale m e1nb hus band ha
1

b w o f F , w h o s e . ·
u g h te r in la h f, ll . o n s :
o f D. c is the
d a e s ti
.
n , a n s w e r t e o o w in g q u
o
b o v e infonnat1
Based o n the a
re la te d to B? E is g ra n d d a u g h te r of 8
(i) H o w E is (b)
f
) E is d a u g h te r o f B
(d ) E is m o th e r in la w o 8
(a
(c) E is 1 n o th
er o f B
re la te d to C? (b) G is h u s b
and of C
(ii) H o w G is
te r o f C er of C
(a) G is a s is (d) G is m o th
(c) G is w if e
of C
?
ii ) H o w A is re la te d to F (b ) A is a s o n o f F
(i
er o f F (d) A is a b ro
th e r o f F
(a) A is a fa th
(c) A is a g ra
ndson of F
is related to A
?
(b) D is a d a
u g h te r o f A
(i v ) H o w D
(a) D is a s o n
of A
(d) D is a n e
phew of A
(c) D is fa th e
r of A
related to D? (b) F is fa th e
r of D
(v) H o w F is
(a) F is m o th
er of D fD
(d) F is s o n o
(c) F is d a u g h
te r o f D - - -- - -
- - - - -
- - - -(i- -- (v) (d)
- - - - - - v ) (c)
---- (i ii ) (b)
A n s w e rs )- - (i i) (c) (iv) (d)
(v ) (a)
1. (i) (a (i ii ) (b)
(i i) (c)
2 . (i) (a)