STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES 1)

A report of work done

At

KUMURYA WELDING AND FABRICATION

NO. 7 opposite Kumurya primary health care, bunkure Kano state

(November 2021-January 2022)

By

USMAN NAZIFI

(UG17/MECH/1132)

Submitted to the Department of Mechanical Engineering

Kano University of Science and Technology Wudil

Supervise by

Dr .Muktar ismail

January,2021
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I thank Almighty Allah for giving me this great opportunity to sit down and write my
technical report .I also want to use this to express my endless gratitude and
appreciation to the following people who has immensely contributed to the success of
my (SIWES), Dr. muktar ismail, who happen to be my (SIWES) Supervisor and
my ,workshop Supervisor MustaphaKhaleed, and entireworking staff for their
support and encouragements.
More often ,my sincere appreciation goes to my lovely parent ,all the staf and
students of the department for their contributions throughout the period of my
industrial training program. Thank you all .I will for ever remain loyal and
grateful .May Almighty blesses us all and reward them abundantly
Amen

I
 ABSTRACT
This technical report is on student industrial working experience scheme (SIWES)
which took place at Kumurya welding and fabrication, Kano State, with the aim and
objective of assisting student to acquire sufficient experience in their field of study
and carrier in general. This book is divided into chapters; the first chapter is about the
SIWES, aims and objectives. The chapter one focuses on the Historical background
of Kumurya welding and fabrication, where the exercise took place. Chapter two is
about the activities during the SIWES program. The Chapter three is about the
conclusion and recommendation. No problem was encountered during the program,
everything was in order. And hence, the aim and objective of the attachment was
achieved successfully.

ii

TABLE OF CONTENT
 i.Title page………………………………………………………………..i
ii.Acknowledgement....................................................................................................................ii
iii.Abstract..................................................................................................................................iii
vi.table of content........................................................................................................................vi
CHAPTER ONE
1.0. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………..1

1.1 Historical background of Siwes………………………...………………………………………1

1.2 About industrial training found (ITF)…………………………...……………………………...1

1.3 Mission of (ITF)…………………………………………………...……………………………2

1.4 Objective of Siwes………………………………………………...……………………………2

1.5 Functions of Siwes……………………………………………………..………………………2

1.6 Over view of student industrial work experience schemes……………………….…………...3

1.7 Background of work station.......................................................................................................4

CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Introduction of tools.............................................,.....................................................................5

2.1 measuring tape...........................................................................................................................6

2.2 Try square..................................................................................................................................7

2.3 pliers..........................................................................................................................................8

2.4 Vernier caliper.........................................................................................................................10

2.5 Hand file.................................................................................................................................11

2.6 Welding machines and operations...................…………………………..………………….12

2.7 Operation of electric arc welding............................................................................................13

2.9 Shielded metal arc welding......................................................................................................14

iii

2.10 Shielded metal arc welding operation....................................................................................15

2.11 Gas welding...........................................................................................................................17

2.12 Gas welding equipment........................................................................................................19

CHAPTER THREE 3

3.1 conclusion….......................................…………………………………………..…………21

3.2 Recommendation..................................................................................................................22

CHAPTER FOUR

4.1 Reference................................................................................................................................13

4.2 Bibliography............................................................................................................................14

LIST OF ILLUSTRATION
Figure: 2.1 measuring tape...........................................................................................................4

Figure: 2.2 Try square.....................................................................................................................5

Figure:2.3 Plier...............................................................................................................................6

Figure: 2.4.vernier caliper................................................................................................................7

Figure: 2.5 Hand file........................................................................................................................8

Figure: 2.6 welding machine......…................................................................................................9

Figure: 2.7 Drilling machine..............................................................................................….…10

Figure: 2.8 Basic arc welding.......................................................................................................11

Figure 2.9 shielded metal arc welding (smaw).............................................................................13

Figure 2.10 shielded metal arc welding operation.........................................................................16

Figure 2.11 gas welding................................................................................................................19

Figure 2.12 Gas welding equipment..............................................................................................20

vi
 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 HISTORICAL BAGROUND OF SIWES

SIWES was established by ITF in 1973 to solve the problem not available in the
educational institutions. Partaking in SIWES industrial training has become a crucial pre
condition for the award diploma and degree certificates in specific disciplines in most
institutions of higher learning in Nigeria in line with the government education policies.
The operators are; ITF the coordinating agencies (NUC, NCCE, MBTE), employers of
labour and various institutions. One of the primary goals of SIWES is to help students
integrate leadership development into the experimental learning process. Students are
expected to learn and develop basics nonprofit leadership skills through a monitory
relationship with innovative nonprofit leaders as a mechanical engineer

1.2 ABOUT INDUSTRIAL TRAINING FUND (ITF)

Established in 1971, the Industrial Training Fund (ITF) has operated consistently and
painstakingly within the context of its enabling laws Decree 47 of 1971 as Amendedin
the 2011 ITF ACT. The objective for which the Fund was established has been pursued
vigorously and efficaciously. In the decades of its existence, theITF has not only raised
training consciousness in the economy, but has also helped in generating a corps of
skilled indigenous manpower which has been manning and managing various sectors of
the national economy. The ITF enhances manpower development through training by
exposing the students to the practical aspects of what they learn in the classroom in view
to prepare them face challenges after completion of studies.

1.3 MISSSION OF ITF

The provision of Decree 47 of 8th October, 1971 empowers the ITF to "promote and
encourage the acquisition of skills in industry and commerce with a view to generating a
pool of indigenous trained manpower sufficient to meet the needs of the Nigerian
economy".
1.4 OBJECTIVES OF SIWES

The objective of SIWES includes: SIWES will provide students the opportunity to test
their interest in a particular career before permanent commitments are made.-

SIWES students will develop skills in the application of theory to practical work
situations.-

SIWES students will acquire good work habits.-

SIWES helps the students with the opportunity to apply their knowledge in real working
situations.-

SIWES prepares and expose students towards a successful business career by margin
their analytical power with self -reliance.-

SIWES Students will be able to provide tools to use in prioritizing tasks of an assigned
project and create with staff a tentative schedule for completion based on these tasks

1.5 FUNCTION OF THE SIWES UNIT

By the directive of National Universities Commission (NUC) and Industrial Training

Fund (ITF), the Unit is mandated to carry out the following functions.

I. Supervision of the students placed in the industries located within our ITFzone.

ii processing of students’ logbooks, ITF forms and industrial

Attachment reports upon which is based on the Federal Government funding of

supervision and

Students’ allowances.

iii. Fostering of close links between the university and industries participating inSIWES
programmed.

iv. Provision of advisory guidance to participating students on career employment

opportunities.

v. Monitoring of compliance with the requirements of SIWES on the part of students in

eligible disciplines as a condition for graduation.
1.6 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDENTS INDUSTRIAL WORKEXPERIENCE
SCHEMES (SIWES)

Student industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is a mandatory skills acquisition

and training programmed. It is designed to expose students to the industrial workplace
environment

In their respective disciplines during their course of study. The students are also expected
to develop occupational competencies that would facilitate their fitting into the world of
work after graduation. The objectives of SIWES scheme is to:

To make the transition from the schooling to world of work easier through

Enhancing students’ contact for later job placement.

Expose students to work methods and techniques in handling equipment and machineries
that may not be available in the university.

Prepare students for industrial work situation they are likely to meet after graduation.

Provide avenues for students to acquire industrial skills and experience during their
course of study. Provide students with the opportunities to apply their educational
knowledge in real work situations, thereby bridging the gap between theory and practical

1.7 BACKGROUND OF WORK STATION

It was established in April 2009 .At tha time ,I was created by only one person, it was
situated behind Kumurya bus stop, the name of the organization at that time is ustaz
welding center, and later been modernized to various parts like gas welding, electric
welding part, each part has atleast two to three peoples that are working there, then after
some years the name was change to Kumurya welding and fabrication.

The aim of organization is to provide job to the youth ,and reduce unemployment in the
society.

Their main products is gate, doors, window and repair the old ones

CHAPTER TWO 2
Introduction to Tools and Workshop Machineries

2.1 MEASURING TAPE

Figure: 2.1

Measuring tape is a flexible ruler and used to measure distance. It consists of a ribbon of
cloth, plastic, fiber glass, or metal strip with linear-measurement markings. It is a
common measuring tool. Its design allows for a measure of great length to be easily
carried in pocket or toolkit and permits one to measure around curves or corners.

2.2 Try square

A try square is a woodworking or a metalworking tool used for marking and measuring a
piece of wood. The square refers to the tool's primary use of measuring the accuracy of a
right angle (90 degrees); to try a surface is to check its straightness or correspondence to
an adjoining surface. A piece of wood that is rectangular.

Figure: 2.2
2.3 PLIER

Pliers are made in various shapes and sizes and for many uses. Some are used for
gripping something round like a pipe or rod, some are used for twisting wires, and others
are designed to be used for a combination of tasks including cutting wire

Figure 2.3

2.4 VERNIER CALIPER

A vernier caliper scale is a visual aid that allows the user to measure more precisely than
could be done unaided when reading a uniformly divided straight or circular

Figure 2.4

2.5 HAND FILE

Hand file is the one of the tool that are used in finishing part, we have so many types of
hand file eh rectangular file which has opposite side are equal, try angular file which has
three side, circular file which is semi-circle in shape and square file all the side are equal

Figure 2.5

2.6 WELDING MACHINE

Welding machine is one that convert electricity in to desired needed during welding, and
also it

Has three terminal point, electric Cable, Earth cable and work piece Cable. Each Cable
has its own work, electrode Cable to supply power to the electrode, work piece cable is
usually putting on top ofwork piece,earth Cable usually is on the ground. It has two part

Figure 2.6
2.7 HAND DRILLING MACHINE

Hand drilling is one of the machine that are used to make holes on the work pieces
This type of hand drilling machine it has different types of drill bit, it depend with
diameter of the hole that you want to construct.

A hand drill is the simplest primitive method to produce rapid rotary motion of a
rod. It consists in holding the rod vertically between both hands and moving these
back and forth, in opposite directions, as in rubbing them. The rod typically is one
or two feet long and half an inch in diameter

Figure: 2.7

2.8 BASIC ARC WELDING CIRCUIT (DC AND AC)

The basic arc welding circuit, in this part all the necessary need of arc welding would be
shown in the diagram below, it contains welding machine in which the power supply is
converted into desired need, from the welding machine there is three Cable, electrode
Cable which supply the power to the electrode holder, and also there is work cable. Work
cable divided in to two, earth cable and surface work cable. Below is the diagram of basic
arc welding DC OR CA
 Figure: 2.8

2.9 SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING SMAW

Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) is a fusion welding process that uses a consumable, flux-
coated electrode to create an arc between the electrode and the work piece. Molten metal travels
from the electrode via the electrical arc and is deposited into the work piece. The flux coating is
also melted and it surfaces on top of the molten weld pool in the form of slag.

Shielded metal arc welding is one of the oldest arc welding processes and is one of the simplest
and affordable welding processes that can be used to make quality weldments. This is due to the
simplicity of the equipment needed for shielded metal arc welding. All the process requires is a
constant current power source, an electrode, an electrode holder, a ground clamp and a work
piece.

Shielded metal arc welding electrodes have a flux coating. This flux coating is used to protect the
molten weld metal from the atmosphere and oxidation. This is necessary because no external
shielding gas is used for this welding process. When the flux coating is deposited into the weld,
it resurfaces as slag. This slag must be cleaned away prior to making another weld pass or it
could result in a weld defect. Some shielded metal arc welding electrodes, such as low hydrogen
electrodes, must be stored in a rod oven to prevent moisture from compromising the electrode's
low hydrogen qualities.

Shielded metal arc welding does not produce welds as fast as gas metal arc welding (GMAW)
and it is not as versatile as gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). However, it is still used quite
frequently because of its portability and simplicity. Shielded metal arc welding also does well in
outdoor applications because the flux-coated electrodes make it less likely to be negatively
impacted by windy conditions.

Figure 2.9

2.10 SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING OPERATION

Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), also known as manual metal arc welding, is a manual arc
welding process that uses a consumable and protected electrode. As the electrode melts, a cover
that protects the electrode melts and protects the weld area from oxygen and other atmospheric
gases.
 Figure 2.10

2.11 GAS WELDING

to as gas welding, is a process which relies on combustion of oxygen and acetylene. When mixed
together in correct proportions within a hand-held torch or blowpipe, a relatively hot flame is
produced with a temperature of about 3,200 deg.C. The chemical action of the oxyacetylene
flame can be adjusted by changing the ratio of the volume of oxygen to acetylene.

Three distinct flame settings are used, neutral, oxidising and carburising.

Neutral flame

Oxidising flame

Carburising flame

Welding is generally carried out using the neutral flame setting which has equal quantities of
oxygen and acetylene. The oxidising flame is obtained by increasing just the oxygen flow rate
while the carburising flame is achieved by increasing acetylene flow in relation to oxygen flow.
Because steel melts at a temperature above 1,500 deg.C, the mixture of oxygen and acetylene is
used as it is the only gas combination with enough heat to weld steel. However, other gases such
as propane, hydrogen and coal gas can be used for joining lower melting point non-ferrous
metals, and for brazing and silver soldering.
Figure 2.11

2.12 GAS WELDING EQUIPMENT

The apparatus used in gas welding consists basically of an oxygen source and a fuel gas source
(usually cylinders), two pressure regulators and two flexible hoses (one of each for each
cylinder), and a torch. The cylinders are often carried in a special wheeled trolley.
Figure 2.12
CHAPTER THREE 3

3.1 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the SIWESprogram is aperiod of experience and practical knowledge

gathering.Itisascenariowherethetheoreticalknowledgeacquiredbystudentintheschoolisbein
gtemperedwithreality,wherestudentsgetfamiliarandexposedwithreallifeworkinggroundit’s
challengingbutultimatelyit’sworthitanditisinvaluableinprovidingstudentsfortheworkscenar
io.

TheSIWESprogramshouldneveratanytimebestoppedespeciallybecauseoftheroleitplaysinsh
arpeningthepsychomotorofstudents.
I get alot of experience during my SIWES example, I know how to arrange electric arc
welding, and also how to construct doors, windows and repair the breaking part.

I encountered some problem like welding smoke,hand irritating. By so doing i later

learned how to solve my problem by wearing eye goggles to protect eye from welding
smoke, wearing hand gloves to protect my hand from irritating.

3.2RECOMMENDATIONS

The following recommendations should be considered in order to achieve more

tangibly the aim objectives of the SIWES and to make the exercise more productive.

1. Universities should provide more time for the SIWES as it is generally recognized
that mere training in basic or advance scientific knowledge and technologies is
inadequate for successful professional practice. As a matter of fact from the
aforementioned, students need to be equipped with practical and applied skills of
the knowledge they are fed with. I.e. the acquisition of Technical Know How. In
order to come up with viable solutions of the industrial, technological economical,
societal and national challenges.
 2. The universities should influence the attachment of students especially of
technology and engineering to sensitive industries within their very area of
specialization for SIWES and even the NYSC posting(s).
3. The universities should also through the letter of introduction issued to the
students recommend the students to work under specific fields that are relevant to
their fields of study.
4. The federal government should make it mandatory for every company due for
construction project that will last for more than six month to reserve a place for IT
Students.
5. The place of attachment should pay attaches monthly or weekly allowance to ease
their transportation and enhance their focus on works given to them.
6. I recommend also, that like the NYSC the ITF should pay attaches allowance
during the attachment and not after it. This would go a long way in tackling and
dealing with the financial problems faced by students on the attachment, and not
leave them in the mercy of their parents/ guardians, since not all students have
industries close to their houses. Others have to travel and leave elsewhere
throughout the training.

Lastly, the universities should recommend that Built Environment students attached to
construction companies should be taken to other project sites carried on by the company
they are attached to, not alone to which they are posted to. These will give a vent to their
curiosities and make them appreciate the diversity of the construction world.

CHAPTER FOUR 4

4.1 REFERENCES
Comprehensive Design of steel structure retrieved 15 AUG. 1995 "Cooling Tubes". Earth ship Biotecture.
27 March 2020. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
"Earth Tubes: Providing the freshest possible air to your building". Earth Rangers Centre for Sustainable
Technology Showcase. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
"History - Biographies, Landmarks, Patents". ASME. 10 March 1905. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
"Massachusetts Institute of Technology Gas Turbine Lab". Web.mit.edu. 27 August 1939. Retrieved 13
August 2012.*
"Original document: GB186101633 (A) ― 1861-12-18 caloric engines". Worldwide.espacenet.com.
Retrieved 13 March 2016.
"Patent US0635919" (PDF). Freepatentsonline.com. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
B. Zhang (14 December 2014). Lu, Yongxiang (ed.). A History of Chinese Science and Technology:
Volume 3. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 308–310. ISBN 978-3662441626. 'For trotting horse
lamp, make paper-cut as wheel-like objects and the candle will heat the air which will rise and
push the paper-cut to move, and the shadows of paper-cut will be cast by the candle light on the
screen.' ...Judgment from the records of the Song dynasty shows that invention of China's trotting
horse lamp was not later than 1000 AD. ...Obviously, the trotting horse lamp has already had the
rudiment of a ga

4.2 Bibliography

Worldwide.espacenet.com.Retrieved 13March 2016

Web.mit.edu.27August1939.
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