05/06/1438

DESIGN OF CONCRETE STRUCTURES (I)

Construction Eng. Program
BCM 212 Reinforced Concrete I
Spring Course 2013

2 1

DESIGN FOR SHEAR & DIAGONAL TENSION DESIGN FOR SHEAR & DIAGONAL TENSION
Nominal Ultimate Shear Strength Shear & Diagonal Tension
For Concrete without Web Reinforcement:

f cu
qcu  0.24 N / mm 2
c

For Concrete with Web Reinforcement: Shear Flexure

Cracks Cracks

f cu
qu max  0.70 N / mm 2  4.0 Typical Crack Patterns for Beams
c
4 3

DESIGN FOR SHEAR & DIAGONAL TENSION DESIGN FOR SHEAR & DIAGONAL TENSION
Web (Shear) Reinforcement Types of Web Reinforcement:
Vertical stirrups s s Inclined stirrups s s
Types of Web Reinforcement:

Vertical stirrups s s
Asb

a qsu  qu  0.5qcu
Ast f yst
s Bent-up bars qsus  qsu  .
b.s s
qsus . b . s
Ast 
f yst
6
s 5

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DESIGN FOR SHEAR & DIAGONAL TENSION DESIGN FOR SHEAR & DIAGONAL TENSION
Web (Shear) Reinforcement Web (Shear) Reinforcement
For Vertical Stirrups: a  90 Asb f y For Inclined stirrups
qsub  . sin a  cos a 
b. s  s or bent-up bars
Ast f y
qsus  . This Equation is used for Inclined Stirrups & bent-up bars:
b. s  s The distance s < x to prevent the crack from passing the
whole depth of the beam.

For Code spacing s is taken ≤ d

Ast Ast

fy ≤ 400 N/mm2

Ast = Asf x No. of branches

qsu  qsus  qsub
8 7

DESIGN FOR SHEAR & DIAGONAL TENSION DESIGN FOR SHEAR & DIAGONAL TENSION
Design Procedure Code Requirements for Web Reinforcement
1- b & d are obtained from flexure design. Minimum Web Reinforcement
2- Calculate qcu, qumax.
Ast min
3- Calculate qu at critical section.  min 
b.s
a) qu   qcu Use Minimum Web Rft.
0.4
 min 
  qcu f y ( N / mm 2 )
b) qu  Calculate Web Rft.
  qu max  min  0.15 For smooth mild steel 240/350

Increase Section dimensions

 min  0.10 For high strength deformed steel
c) qu   qu max
(b or d or both b and d) 5 f 6 mm / m ` Minimum Stirrups
10 9

DESIGN FOR SHEAR DESIGN FOR SHEAR

Example (1)-Answer Example (1)
2 Φ 12
It is required to design the section for flexure and shear.
Summary of Flexure Design:
(Mu = 480 kN.m, Qu = 250 kN).
Section Details
As =2584 mm2 = 7 Φ 22 Materials:
2 Φ 12 Concrete: fcu = 25 N/ mm2
As’= 0.1 As = 258.4 = 2 Φ 12
t > 700 mm then use Shrinkage RFT Main steel: 360/520
7 Φ 22 Stir. steel: 240/350
Asshrinkage= 0.08 x 2671.6 = 2 Φ 12 .

12 11

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DESIGN FOR SHEAR DESIGN FOR SHEAR

Example (1)-Answer Example (1)-Answer
Design for shear stirrups: Limiting Stresses:
Assume stirrups spacing = 100 mm (10 stir. /m`).

q su  qu  0.5qcu  1.170  0.5  0.980  0.680 N / mm 2 f cu 25

qcu  0.24  0.24  0.980 N / mm2
Ast f yst
c 1.5
q sus  q su  .
b . s s f cu 25
qu max  0.70  0.70  2.857 N / mm2
q .b.s 0.680  300  100 c 1.5
Ast  sus   97.7 mm 2
f yst 240
s 1.15
14 13

Types of Loads
) 1( ) 2( ) 3(
‫أحمال رأسية‬ )‫أحمال جانبية (أفقية‬ ‫أحمال أخرى‬
Vertical (Gravity) Lateral Loads Other Loads
Loads

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:‫أنواع األحمال الرأسية‬Gravity Loads :‫أنواع األحمال الرأسية‬Gravity Loads

.‫ هى األحمال المتغيرة أو المتحركة‬:‫ أحمال حية‬- 2 ‫ هى األحمال الدائمة‬:‫ أحمال ميتة‬- 1

2- Live Loads: 1- Dead Loads: Permanent Loads
.‫ أوزان األشخاص‬- ‫ وزن العناصر االنشائية‬-
- Persons. - Self (own) weight of structural elements.
.‫ أوزان األثاث واآلالت الغير مثبتة والمواد المخزنة‬- ‫ وزن الحوائط والقواطيع‬-
- Furniture, static machines, stored materials. - Walls & partitions loads.
.‫ أوزان المعدات والشدات واألوناش اثناء التنفيذ‬- ‫ وزن األرضيات‬-
- Equipments during construction. - Flooring covering.

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‫أنواع أحمال أخرى‪:‬‬ ‫أنواع األحمال الجانبية (األفقية)‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬أحمال الحرارة‪Temperature Loads. .‬‬ ‫‪Wind Loads.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬أحمال الرياح‪.‬‬

‫‪Indirect loads.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬أحمال غير مباشرة‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬أحمال الزالزل‪Seismic (Earthquake loads). .‬‬
‫‪Braking force.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬قوى الفرملة (القطارات واألوناش)‪.‬‬
‫‪Creep.‬‬ ‫الزحف‪.‬‬
‫‪Lateral Shock.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬الصدمة الجانبية (القطارات واألوناش)‪.‬‬
‫‪Shrinkage.‬‬ ‫االنكماش‪.‬‬
‫‪Centrifugal force‬‬ ‫‪ -‬القوة الطاردة المركزية (فى الكبارى المنحنية)‪.‬‬
‫‪Hydrostatic pressure.‬‬ ‫الضغط االستاتيكى للسوائل (للخزانات)‪-.‬‬
‫‪Earth pressure.‬‬ ‫الضغط الجانبى للتربة‪-.‬‬

‫‪Stages of Loads‬‬ ‫‪Stages of Loads‬‬

‫‪A) Service Loads:‬‬ ‫أ) أحمال التشغيل‪:‬‬
‫ب) األحمال القصوى لحاالت حد المقاومة القصوى‪:‬‬
‫‪Ultimate Loads:‬‬ ‫األحمال لمنتظر حدوثها تحت ظروف التشغيل والتى تكون احتماالت‬
‫‪Under Vertical Loads:‬‬
‫الزيادة بها ال تزيد عن ‪ % 5‬وذلك بناء على نتائج وبيانات احصائية‪.‬‬
‫‪U = 1.4 D + 1.6 L‬‬ ‫)‪(3-1‬‬ ‫‪W=D+L‬‬
‫‪For L < 0.75 D:‬‬
‫ب) األحمال القصوى لحاالت حد المقاومة القصوى‪:‬‬
‫‪U = 1.5 D + 1.5 L‬‬ ‫)‪(3-2‬‬ ‫‪B) Ultimate Loads:‬‬

‫تحسب األحمال واألفعال القصوى على عناصر المنشأ المختلفة‬

‫بضرب أحمال التشغيل فى معامالت زيادة األحمال‪.‬‬

‫‪Loads on Beams and Slabs‬‬ ‫‪Loads on Beams and Slabs‬‬

‫‪Loads on Slab:‬‬
‫‪Tiles‬‬ ‫)‪(1 – 2 cm‬‬
‫‪1- Dead Loads:‬‬
‫)‪Morter (1 – 2 cm‬‬ ‫‪Slab‬‬ ‫‪Beam‬‬
‫)‪Sand (2 – 3 cm‬‬
‫‪RC Slab‬‬
‫)‪Plaster (2 cm‬‬
‫‪Column‬‬
‫‪t2 t3 t4‬‬
‫‪ts‬‬
‫‪t1‬‬

‫‪Slabs  Beams  Columns  Foundation  Ground (Soil).‬‬

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Load Distribution on Beams Loads on Beams and Slabs

Loads of Walls: Loads on Slab:

Wt. of Red Brick Walls+ 2cm Plaster Each Side:

12 cm partitions W = 2.70 – 3.00 kN/m2
1- Dead Loads:
25 cm walls W = 4.80 – 5.00 kN/m2
1-a Self Load (Own Weight): O.W
H

O.W  t s   RC
H = Clear Height of Wall

L 2-a Flooring Covering:

WQ  WM  W . H F .C   t i   i
WM=WQ

Cases of Loadings for Beams Cases of Loadings for Beams

Example 1: w=g+p
Total = Dead + Live
For the shown beam draw the absolute (max. max.)
B.M.D and S.F.D.

g = 20 kN/m` g = 15 kN/m` B.M.D

p = 10 kN/m` p = 10 kN/m`
(+)
Mg
Mg+p
(+)
6.0 m 2.0 m
(-) S.F.D
Qg+p Qg

Cases of Loadings for Beams Cases of Loadings for Beams

Case 2 Case 1
Maximum negative moment at support “b” Maximum positive moment span “ab” and maximum
shear at support “a”

Dead Load Total Load

g1 w 2 = g2 + p2 Total Load Dead Load only
w 1 = g1 + p1 g2

a b
a b

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Cases of Loadings for Beams

Case 3
Maximum shear at support “b”

-50 kN.m

3 -30 kN.m
g g+p Total Load Total Load
w 1 = g1 + p1 w 2 = g2 + p2
1

2 Max. Max. B.M.D a b

Absolute B.M.D

+120.42 g+p

T-D +85.00 kN
T-T +81.67
g+p
D-T +51.67 +50.00
g
+30.00

Max. Max. S.F.D

Absolute S.F.D
-68.33 D-T
-95.00 T-D
-98.33 T-T
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BEAM DESIGN EXAMPLE SIMPLE BEAM DESIGN EXAMPLE

2) Internal Forces 2) Internal Forces
346 kN
G=158 kN
154 kN P=47 kN
Wg = 26 kN/m
Shear Force Wp = 6 kN/m
Working Loads
154 kN 4.00 4.00
346 kN
G=237 kN
Moment P=71 kN
Diagram Wg = 39 kN/m
Wp = 9 kN/m
1000 kN.m
Factored Loads

Assume t = span / 10 t = 800 mm 4.00 4.00

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BEAM DESIGN EXAMPLE BEAM DESIGN EXAMPLE

3) Flexure Design 3) Flexure Design

ts=140
ts=140
B
B
Mu 106 16 140  300  2540
Ru   0.98 N / mm2  
Bd2 B   8000
 300  1900 
  1900mm

 5 
  0.35% Mu Mu

800
d

800
d
f cu t
M uprov  0.67 Bt s (d  s )
s 2
As
As
300 M uprov  1960kN.m
300
0.35
As  1900  730  4854.5mm2  13f 22
100
Mu = 1000 kN.M < Muprov then treat as rectangular section with B

As '  0.1As  485.45mm2  3f16

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BEAM DESIGN EXAMPLE BEAM DESIGN EXAMPLE

3) Flexure Design 3) Flexure Design
Shrinkage reinforcements B
Check on dact:
As '  0.08 As  411mm  4f12
2
cc=25+8+22+22+22/2=88 > 70 mm
B
3f16
Check on bar spacing dact = 800-88 = 712

800
300  25  2  2  8  5  22 Mu 106
s Ru   1.03N / mm2
4 4f12 Bd2
800

300
s  31  25mm O.K
  0.38%
14f 22
0.38
300 As  1900  712  5140mm2  14f 22
100

40
As '  0.1As  514mm2  3f16 39

BEAM DESIGN EXAMPLE BEAM DESIGN EXAMPLE

209 kN

3) Shear Design 3) Shear Design

209 kN

346 kN

346  209
209 kN

316 kN

154 kN
346 kN

154 kN

x 4
346  154
x  2.85m x
316 kN

154 kN
154 kN

346 kN
346 kN

c/2+d/2 41
42

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BEAM DESIGN EXAMPLE BEAM DESIGN EXAMPLE

3) Shear Design 3) Shear Design
f cu
Design of sections I-I qcu  0.24  0.98 N / mm2 Design of sections I-I
c

209 kN
346 kN
316 103 154 kN
qu   1.48 N / mm2
300  712
qcu  qu  qu max x
I 154 kN
346 kN
q
qus  qu  cu  1.48  0.98 / 2  0.98N / mm2
2 I

2 8 2
Ast f y 4  240
qus    0.5  0.712 
sb  s s  300 1.15 Qu  346  48   316kN
 2 
44 43

BEAM DESIGN EXAMPLE BEAM DESIGN EXAMPLE

3) Shear Design 3) Shear Design
Minimum shear reinforcement Zone(2) Design of sections I-I
s  71mm  100mm
Use φ 8mm, 2 branches @ s=200 Zone (2) Increase φ to 10 mm
s  111mm
Use φ 10mm, 2 branches @ s=110 Zone (1)

2.85 2.30 2.85

Zone (1) Zone (2) Zone (1)
2.85 2.30 2.85
Zone (1) Zone (2) Zone (1)
46 45

Classical Detailing

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EXAMPLE –OVERHANGING BEAM EXAMPLE –OVERHANGING BEAM

360 kN.m
Internal Forces: Given:
Fcu=25 N/mm2 Fy=360 N/mm2 Width of beam =300mm
Slab thickness =120 mm
Moment envelope
P=80 kN P=30 kN
G=80 kN G=30 kN
W = 20 kN/m
W = 20 kN/m
550 kN.m
217.5 kN
180kN 4.00 4.00 3.00
57.5 kN
60kN
Shear envelope

125kN

285kN
50 49

EXAMPLE –OVERHANGING BEAM EXAMPLE –OVERHANGING BEAM

Flexure Design : 2 1 Beam Depth : 2 1

2 1 2 1
6f 22
Section 1-1:
Sec 2-2 Sec I-I
Asreq =2101 mm2
Aschosen = 2280 mm2 2f10 Assume t = 750 mm 360 kN.m
0.75

2f10

2f16
0.30
52 550 kN.m 51

2 1
EXAMPLE –OVERHANGING BEAM
Flexure Design : 2 1
2 1
2 1
1.02 3.78 2.71 2.75

Section 2-2: 2f16

Asreq =2757 mm2
Aschosen = 3040 mm2
6f 22 2f10
2f16
0.75

2f10 2f10 2f10

0.75
0.75

2f10
2f10
2f16
8f 22
8f 22
0.30
0.30 0.30
Sec 2-2 Sec 1-1 53

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GIRDERS WITH CANTILEVER 2 1

Classical Detailing

2 1

6f 22
2f16

2f10
2f10

0.75
0.75
2f10
2f10
8f 22 2f16
0.30
0.30

Sec 2-2 Sec 1-1

Questions? GIRDERS WITH CANTILEVER

Classical Detailing

SEE YOU NEXT LECTURE

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