Chinese Name: [ ][ ][ ]( )

Senior One Science ( ) Date:

Additional exercise 15: Laws of chemistry

1. Element A and B react separately to form compounds with molecular formula AB, AB2 and A3B4.
(a) what is the mass ratio of A in these three compounds?

Mass of B in three compounds are fixed

So there are 4 AB, 2 AB2 and 1 A3B4
Mass ratio of A = 4 : 2 : 3

(b) From (a) which law do the masses of A in these three compounds illustrate?

Law of multiple proportion

2. Three different compounds containing nitrogen and oxygen

Compound Mass of nitrogen Mass of oxygen
having compositions shown in following table.
Do these compounds obey The Law of Multiple X 28.0 16.0
proportions? Y 14.0 16.0
Z 28.0 64.0
Mass of N in three compounds are fixed to be 28.0 g
m(O) in Y = 16.0 x 2
= 32.0 (g)
Mass ratio of O in X, Y and Z = 16.0 : 32.0 : 64.0
=1:2:4

Mass ratio of oxygen in X, Y and Z can be expressed in a simple ratio.

Thus, they obey law of multiple proportion.

3. A metal X forms two oxides, A and B. 3.000g of A and B contain 0.7200g and 1.160g of oxygen respectively. What
chemical law do these masses of metal illustrate? If the oxide B has the formula XO, what is the formula of oxide
A?

Mass of X in two oxides are fixed to be 1 g

𝟎.𝟕𝟐𝟎𝟎
m(O) in A = 𝟐.𝟐𝟖𝟎𝟎 = 0.3158 (g)
𝟏.𝟏𝟔𝟎
m(O) in B = 𝟏.𝟖𝟒𝟎 = 0.6304 (g)
mass ratio of O in A and B = 0.3158 : 0.6304
=1:2

It illustrates law of multiple proportion.

Formula of oxide A is X2O.
4. An element of X forms two oxides containing 77.47% and 69.62% of X respectively. If the first oxide has the
formula XO, what is the formula of the second oxide?

Let mass of two oxides be 100 g respectively

Mass of X in two oxides are fixed to be 1 g

𝟐𝟐.𝟓𝟑
m(O) in first oxide = 𝟕𝟕.𝟒𝟕 = 0.2908 (g)
𝟑𝟎.𝟑𝟖
m(O) in second oxide = 𝟔𝟗.𝟔𝟐 = 0.4364 (g)
mass ratio of O in two oxides = 0.2908 : 0.4364
= 1 : 1.5
=2:3

Formula of second oxide is X2O3.

5. The chemical formula of compound A is X2Y3. Chemical analysis shows that 15g of A contain 10.5g of X. another
compound B, also composed of elements X and Y, contains 84% of X by mass in its composition. Using the Law of
Multiple Proportions, deduce the chemical formula of B.

Let mass of B be 100 g

Mass of X in A and B are fixed to be 1 g

𝟒.𝟓
m(Y) in A = = 0.4286 (g)
𝟏𝟎.𝟓
𝟏𝟔
m(Y) in B = = 0.1905 (g)
𝟖𝟒
mass ratio of Y in A and B = 0.4286 : 0.1905
= 2.25 : 1
=9:4

Formula of B is X3Y2.