Exercises

1. There are 18 mathematics majors and 325 computer sci- for the continuation flight
San Francisco? How many
to
ence majors at a college. of these pairs involve more than one airline?
a) How many ways are there to pick two representatives 6. There are four
that one is a mathematics major and the other is a
so
major auto routes from Boston to Detroi
and six from Detroit to Los
computer science major? Angeles. How many mar
auto routes are there from Boston to
b) How many ways are there to pick one representative Los Angeles via De
troit?
who is either a mathematics major or a computer sci 7, How
ence major? many different three-letter initials can people have
8. How
2. An office building contains 27 floors and has 37 offices many different three-letter initials with none o ne
on each floor. How many offices are in the letters repeated can
building?
3. A multiple-choice test contains 10 questions. .How
people have?
There are many different three-letter initials are there that De
four possible answers for each question. gin with an A?
a How many ways can a student answer the 10. How
questions many bit strings are there of length eight:
on the test if the student answers every . How
question? many bit strings of length ten both begin end
b) How many ways can a student answer the
questions with a 1? and
on the test if the student can leave
answers blank? 12. How
4. A particular brand of shirt comes 12 colors, many bit strings are there of six or less?
in
version and a female version, and comes in three
has a male 13, How length
many bit strings with length not exceeding n., ere
for cach sex. How many difierent types of this sizes
shirt are
n is a
positive integer, consist entirely of Is' " wI
made? 1How
many bit strings of length n,
5. Six different airlines fly from New York to integer, start and end with where n is a psitve
Denver and 15. How Is?
seven fly from Denver to San Francisco. How many 4: many strings are there t lowercase letters of length
ferent pairs of airlines can you choose on which to four or less? of lowei
from New York to Francisco via k 16. How
a trip San Denver, many strings are there
you pick an airline for
the flight to enver and an when have the
letter x of four lowercase leten
airline in them?
 at a wedding a
40. In how many ways can a photographer
where
6 people in a row from a group of 10 people,
range
if
the bride and the groom are among these 10 people,
a) the bride must be in the picture?
b) both the bride and groom must be in the picture?
c) exactly one of the bride and the groom is in the pic-
ture?

41. In how many ways can a photographer at a wedding ar-

range six people in a row, including the bride and groom,
if
a) the bride must be next to the groom?
b) the bride is not next to the groom?
c) the bride is positioned somewhere to the left of the
groom?

42. How many bit strings of length seven either begin with
two Os or end with three 1s?
43. How many bit strings of length 10 cither begin with three
Os or end with two Os?
44. How many bit strings of length 10 contain either five con-
secutive 0s or five consecutive 1s?
45. How many bit strings of length eight contain either three
consecutive Os or four consecutive 1s?
46. Every student in a discrete mathematics class is either a
computer science or a mathematics major or is a joint
major in these two subjects. How many students are in
the class if there are 38 computer science majors (includ-
ing joint majors), 23 mathematics majors (including joint
majors), and 7 joint majors?
47. How many positive integers not exceeding 100 are divis-
ible either by 4 or by 6?
48. How many different initials can someone have if a
person
has at least two, but no more than five, different initials?
Assume that each initial is one of the 26 letters of the
English language.
1. List all the permutations of {a, b, c}.
2. How many different permutations are there of the set
4. Let S={1,2,3,4,5).
a) List all the 3-permutations of S.
la, b, c, d,
f. g}?
e, b) List all the 3-combinations ofS.
3.
How many permutations of fa, b, c, d, e, f. s)
a?
end with 5. Find the value of each of these quantities.
c) P(8,)
a) P(6, 3) b) P(6, 5) D P(10,9)
d) P(8,5) e) P(8, 8)
 of these quantities. 21. Howmany permutations of the letters ABCDEFG contain
value of cach
ithe
b) C(5,3) c) C(8,4) a) the string BCD? b) the string CFGA?
) C 5 . 1 )

e) C8,0) C(12,6) c) the strings BA and GF?

d C8&8)
set wit
of aa set with nine d) tte strings ABC and DE?
5-permutations
number of e) the strings ABC and CDE?
Findthe
c l e m e n t s
the strings CBA and BED?
five runners finish a race
many
different orders can 22. How many permutations of the letters ABCDEFGH
&Inhow allowed?
fno ties are contain
ossibilities are there for the win, place, and a) the string ED? b) the string CDE?
. How many third) positions in a horse race
second, and c)thestrings BA and FGH?
how(hirst, of finish are possible?
with 12 horses if all orders d) the strings AB, DE, and GH?
governor candidates for ofa state. e) the strings CAB and BED?
Toereare six different orders can the names of the candi- ) the strings BCA and ABF?
different
In how many
a ballot? 23. How many ways are there for eight men and five women
dates be printed on
to stand in a line so that no two women stand next to each
Howmany bit strings of length 10 contain other? [Hint: First position the men and then consider
)cxactlyfour 1s? b) at most four 1s?
possible positions for the women.
c) four 1s?
at least
24, How many ways are there for 10 women and six men
d) an equal number of Os and 1s? that no two men stand next to each
to stand in a line so

2. How many bit strings of length 12 contain other? [Hint: First position the women and then consider
a) exactly three 1s? b) at most three 1s? possible positions for the men.]
at least three 1s? 25. One hundred tickets, numbered 1, 2,3,..., 100, are sold
d) an equal number of Os and 1s? to people for adrawing. Four
100 different differentprizes
B. A
are awarded, including agrand prize (a trip to Tahiti). How
group contains n men and n women. How many ways ways are there to award the prizes if
ae there to arange these people in a row if the men and
many
a) there are no restrictions?
woMen alternate?
b) the person holding ticket 47 wins the grand prize?
4. n how many ways can a set of two
positive integers less c) the person holding ticket 47 wins one of the
than 100 be chosen?
prizes?
15. In d) the person holding ticket 47 does not win a prize?
how many ways can a set of five letters be selected
from the e) the holding tickets 19 and 47 both win
people
English alphabet?
HOw
many subsets with an odd number of elements prizes?
does tickets 19, 47, and 73 all win
a set
with 10 elements )the people holding
17, How many have? prizes?
et with 100
subsets with more than two elements does a g) the people holding tickets 19, 47, 73, and 97 all win
18. Acoin elements have? prizes?
cither is
either headsfippedtails. ed eight times where each flip comes up h) noneof the people holding tickets 19, 47, 73, and 97
or How many possible outcomes wins a prize?
arc there in total? i) the grand prize winner is a person holding
ticket 19,
Contain exactly three heads? 47,73, or 97?
Gontain at least three heads? j)the people holding tickets
19 and 47 win prizes, but
19.Acei
0)contain the same number of heads and tails?
9. the people holding tickets 73 and 97 do not win
Acoinisflipped 10 times where each flip prizes?
heads or tail comes up either