Online Travel Agency: Project Report On

National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology
PROJECT REPORT ON
ONLINE TRAVEL AGENCY
Under the Guidance of

Mr. Akhil Arora
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the award
of the degree of ‘O’ Level Computer Course
Session 2022-2023
Submitted To: Submitted By:
NIELIT, CHANDIGARH, INDIA. Gurparshad Singh
(Reg No.-1473233)
Siya Rana
(Reg No. -1474303)
Mohan Verma
(Reg No.- 1470595)
Sahil
(Reg No.- 1473231)
INDEX
Page
S.No TOPICS
No.
01 Acknowledgment 1
02 Declaration 2
03 Guide Certificate 3
04 Centre Certificate 4
05 Introduction to project 5-16
06 Abstract 17-25
07 Hardware and software requirements 26
08 Pictures of the Project 27-32
09 Source Code 33-63
10 Conclusion 64
11 Bibliography 65
Online Travel Agency
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful completion of this project could not have been
possible without the help & guidance of many people. We take this
opportunity to express our sincere thanks & deep gratitude to all
those people who extended their wholehearted cooperation and
helped us in completing this project successfully.
In particular, we are grateful to Mr. Akhil Arora for providing us

with the opportunity to undertake this project. We thank our guide
who has been a source of inspiration & knowledge for us
throughout the completion of the project. His support for us was
invaluable during the period we were working under him on the
project.
Thanking You
Gurparshad Singh
Siya Rana
Mohan Verma
Sahil
1
DECLARATION
We hereby declare the work being presented by us in this project,

entitled "ONLINE TRAVEL AGENCY" submitted in partial
fulfillment of the requirement for 'O' LEVEL at "National
Institute of Electronics and Information Technology, Plot no.
925, Sector 30B, Chandigarh, 160030, India" is an authentic
piece of our own work carried out under the supervision of Mr.
Akhil Arora.
SUBMITTED BY: - Gurparshad Singh (Reg No. – 1473233)
Siya Rana (Reg No. – 1474303)

Mohan Verma (Reg No. – 1470595)
Sahil(Reg No. – 1473231)
2
GUIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this project entitled "ONLINE TRAVEL

AGENCY" submitted in fulfillment of the Diploma of 'O' LEVEL
to the NIELIT (National Institute of Electronics and Information
Technology) Chandigarh, India done by Gurparshad Singh,
Siya Rana, Mohan Verma and Sahil under NIELIT Registration
number 1473233, 1474303, 1470595 and 1473231is an authentic
work carried out by them at NIELIT Chandigarh under the
guidance of Mr. Akhil Arora. The matter embodied in this project
work has not been submitted earlier for the award of any degree or
diploma to the best of my knowledge and belief.
Signature of the Students Signature of the Guide
3
CENTER CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project entitled "ONLINE TRAVEL

AGENCY" was carried out by Gurparshad Singh(Reg.
No.1473233), Siya Rana (Reg. No- 1474303) and, Mohan
Verma (Reg. No. 1470595) and Sahil(Reg. No-1473231) for the
partial fulfillment of the requirement for the ‘O’ LEVEL is a
bonafide of record the work done by the candidates as certified by
the candidate, under our organization. To the best of my
knowledge, this work has not been submitted forward of any other
degree or diploma.
Project Guide Director In-Charge
4
INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT
Introduction To Online Travel Agency
An online travel agency (OTA) is a web-based marketplace that allows

consumers to research and book travel products and services, including
hotels, flights, cars, tours, cruises, activities and more, directly with
travel suppliers. Every day, millions of travelers around the world use
OTAs to plan leisure and business travel.
OTAs provide access to your potential guests in locations and at

volumes that would be difficult for you to access through your own
marketing efforts. Additionally, OTAs provide market insights and tools
for targeting travelers, securing and processing bookings,
communicating with guests and managing reviews.
5
Types Of OTA Models
OTAs generally work on two models. They are,
1. Merchant Model -: In this model, hotels sell rooms to OTAs at a

discounted or wholesale price. Then, the OTA sells them to the customer at
a markup price.
2. Agency Model -:This is a commission-based model where OTAs

acts as a distribution partner. OTAs receive full commission after the stay
has taken place. The hotel directly receives the payment from the end
customer and does not wait for the payment transfer from third-party
distributors.
6
ORIGIN OF OTA
An OTA is a one-stop online travel marketplace where travelers can search

for, compare, and book everything from flights and hotels, to tours and car
rentals.
Think of an OTA as an Amazon.com for travel. OTAs like GetYourGuide and

Expedia attract millions of visitors every day because of their convenience,
price and product comparison capabilities, and their huge range of hotels,
tours, and other travel.
From an OTA‟s perspective, the typical business model involves making

money by taking a commission from each booking. Many also offer display
advertising or charge companies a “pay-per-click” fee to ensure their listing
appears at the top of relevant search results.
7
How does an Online Travel Agency

work?
GETTING STARTED
1. Some online travel agencies require tour operators to apply to be a

supplier on their site, while others only request guides to make an
account and they‟re automatically approved.
2. When the OTA approves the tour operator, they can create a listing.
Usually, the OTA prompts for answers to help the operator complete
fields relating to their listings.
3. Once a tour operator finalizes their listing, it goes live immediately, soon
thereafter, or following the OTAs review.
4. There is a possibility of finding new customers through the OTA

because they can reach and advertise to places a small or new operator
cannot.
8
THE MARKETPLACE
1. Consumers visit the marketplace and browse for their next adventure,
hotel, or airline ticket. Not only are tour operators competing with other
tour operators but they‟re also competing with OTAs that offer their own
options, like GetYourGuide.
2. Some OTAs offer “curated marketplaces” instead of “open

marketplaces.” This means they choose what providers to show on their
platform. Some operators fear that OTA‟s will curate towards „best-
selling, high-capacity‟ companies (i.e. large companies preferenced
over smaller operators). Let‟s remember that the best-selling does not
always equate to the best quality or best guest experience.
3. When a consumer signs up on the OTA platform, their contact

information and review stay on the OTA platform and are not pushed to
the operator‟s website.
4. Depending on an OTA‟s cancellation policy, if the consumer cancels

their reservation, your business could lose money.
9
HOW OTA MAKES MONEY
Whenever a customer books an activity through an OTA, the tour

operator must pay the OTA a commission, which can range
anywhere from 15 to 30% of a booking. OTAs and tour operators
negotiate the commission rate.
Bigger companies can negotiate a lower rate because of their size.

According to Arival, this is one of the primary reasons operators won‟t
work with OTAs. As a small operator, their commission fees could be
too costly and you could end up losing money.
10
Why work with an Online Travel Agency (OTA)?
OTAs are increasingly popular. In fact, travelers today use

OTAs 50% more than hotel websites to compare leisure
travel options. And that means OTAs can play an important
part in your distribution strategy.
1. Online marketing investments you don’t have to

make
Every year OTAs spend millions of dollars attracting consumers from
around the world to their online travel marketplaces. Their
investment in on online and tv advertising, billboards and
sponsorships, social media and other marketing channels helps
hotels to engage hard-to-reach travelers they couldn’t afford to reach
otherwise. OTAs give you a low risk opportunity to grow your
business, especially if you have limited marketing funds.
2. Greater visibility for your own website

Evidence shows that being listed on an OTA can bring more traffic to
your property’s own website, because consumers often use OTAs for
their search before booking directly. This is known as “The Billboard
Effect”.
A 2011 study which looked at consumers’ online pre-purchase

behavior found that around 75% of people who made direct
reservations with a major hotel brand had visited an OTA website
before booking directly with the hotel. Another report in 2017 showed
that the “Billboard Effect” still occurs, as many people still visit an
OTA prior to booking direct.
11
3. Increased ability to target high-value guests

Through their listing tools and marketing programs, many OTAs can
help hotels target guests who will be delighted with their stay and
drive profitable growth. Possibilities range from packaging rooms
with flights to attract guests who tend to cancel less, to targeting
business travelers, budget or luxury guests, families or those from
specific regions. Marketing programs can help you achieve specific
business goals, including maintaining high average daily rates
(ADRs), driving longer stays to reduce costs or capture last-minute
bookings. Best of all, when you attract the right guests for your
property, you increase the likelihood of positive, glowing reviews.
4. Dedicated support teams

Many OTAs support their partners’ success through regionally based
account teams. These individuals have extensive market knowledge,
can share insight on regional trends and advise on tactics that will
help drive business success. When partners have issues or concerns,
support teams and help content is available. Additionally, most OTAs
provide travelers with service when they experience challenges before,
during and after a trip.
12
Advantage of an Online
Travel Agency
1. Expand your reach
The main advantage of OTAs is their huge popularity, which enables

tour operators to reach more travelers. It’s no secret why OTAs attract
so many people:
Breadth of choice: Just as consumers use Amazon for buyer research

and price comparison purposes, OTAs offer a huge range of
experiences and price points for travelers who are shopping for
something specific or looking for ideas.
Price comparison and deals: OTAs are also popular among price-
conscious travelers and bargain hunters. They let people search for
travel within a set budget, and weigh their options in one place—
comparing different options side by side.
2. Create marketing efficiencies
OTAs spend enormous amounts of money promoting their websites. If

you have a limited marketing budget, it’s a cost-effective way to reach a
much larger audience. Listing your tours on an OTA could also
increase sales through your own website—a phenomenon known as
the “billboard effect”.
3. Generate more low season bookings

If you experience a downturn in sales during the low season, listing
your tours on an OTA lets you piggyback their marketing efforts—at a
time when you may need to reduce your costs—to sell tours more
quickly, easily, and cost-effectively (even factoring in commissions)
than you might be able to do yourself.
13
4. Gain invaluable insights
When you list your tours on an OTA, you may receive access to
the analytics and data insights generated by the platform. Carefully
consider how to measure your customers’ buying patterns. You
can test different pricing strategies and use the platform’s
analytics to spot potential new trends and opportunities, or use
these insights to make better-informed business decisions.
Done correctly, all of these things allow business-savvy tour
operators to use OTAs as a valuable tool for direct business.
14
Disadvantages of an Online Travel

Agency
1. NOT NECESSARILY THE BEST DEAL THROUGH AN

OTA
Many consumers visit online travel agencies for deals, but what ends
up happening is that they end up paying the same, if not more than if
they booked directly with the tour provider.
2. OTAS KEEP CUSTOMER CONTACT INFORMATION
For tour operators, most, if not all, OTAs own the customer data and do
not share it with tour operators. This means there is no relationship
between tour outfitters and the people who go on your excursions.
3. LACK OF INVENTORY TRACKING
In order to keep track of inventory, tour operators will likely have to

have a connectivity channel provider. A connectivity provider is a
communication line between the tour operator’s website and the OTAs
website. This keeps inventory numbers accurate and prevents outfitters
from having to track inventory manually.
If a tour outfitter does not use a connectivity channel provider, it is up

to them to track their inventory by hand. Manually tracking inventory
often leads to overbooking or double booking reservations.
15
4. TOUR OPERATORS BECOME OVER RELIANT ON

OTA’s
It might make sense for a new tour operator to use an OTA to reach a
new market they wouldn’t otherwise. The extensive database of
customers on an OTA platform provides the possibility of more
bookings an operator could receive as opposed to marketing to a new
audience on their own.
What we’ve heard happen is that these operators become too reliant on
OTAs for new customers. Should this happen, an operator is at the
mercy of any changes made by the OTA, like commission fees, for
example.
Alternatively, Origin offers freedom and growth for tour operators.

We’ve developed simple booking software to keep you organized and to
grow your business.
16
ABSTRACT
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. It is used to
design web pages using a markup language. HTML is a
combination of hypertext and Markup Language. Hypertext defines
the link between web pages. A markup language is used to define
the text documentation within the tag which defines the structure of
web pages. This language is used to annotate text so that a machine
can understand it and manipulate text accordingly.
HTML is a markup language used by the browser to manipulate
text, images, and other content in order to display it in the required
format.
HTML was created by Tim Berners lee in 1991. The first-ever
version of HTML was HTML 1.0, but the first standard version
was HTML 2.0, published in 1995.
Features of HTML:
1. It is easy to learn and easy to use.
2. It is platform-independent
3. Images, Videos, and audio can be added to a web page.
4. Hypertext can be added to the text.
5. It is a markup language
17
Why do we learn HTML?

1. It is a simple markup language. Its implementation is easy.
2. It is used to create a website.
3. Helps in developing fundamentals about web programming.
4. Boost professional career
Advantages:
1. HTML is used to build websites.
2. It is supported by all browsers.
3. It can be integrated with other languages like CSS, JavaScript,
etc.
Disadvantages:
1. HTML can only create static web pages. For dynamic web
pages, other languages have to be used.
2. A large amount of code has to be written to create a simple
web page.
3. The security feature is not good.
18
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is used to apply styles to web

pages. Cascading Style Sheets are fondly referred to as CSS. It is
used to make web pages presentable. The reason for using this is to
simplify the process of making web pages presentable. It allows
you to apply styles on web pages. More importantly, it enables you
to do this independently of the HTML that makes up each web
page
Why do we learn CSS?

Styling is an essential property for any website. It increases the
standards and overall look of the websites and makes it easier for
users to interact with them. A website can be made without CSS, as
styling is MUST since no user would want to interact with a dull
and shabby website. So knowing Web Development and CSS are
mandatory.
THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF CSS WHICH ARE

GIVEN BELOW:
INLINE: Inline CSS contains the CSS property in the body
section attached to the element known as inline CSS.
INTERNAL OR EMBEDDED: The CSS ruleset should be
within the HTML file in the head section i.e., the CSS is
embedded within the HTML file.
EXTERNAL: External CSS contains a separate CSS file that
contains only style properties with the help of tag attributes.
19
What does CSS mean?
Tags for formatting a web page were never intended in HTML.

HTML was established to define a web page’s content.
The addition of tags like <font> and color attributes to HTML
created a big problem for web developers. The creation of large
websites, where fonts and color information were added to each
page, became a time-consuming and costly procedure. CSS was
established to address this issue. CSS eliminated the HTML page’s
style formatting.
How CSS is different from HTML?

HTML is used to define a structure of a web page whereas CSS
is used to style the web pages by using different styling features.
HTML consists of tags inside which text is enclosed and CSS
consists of selectors and declaration blocks.
CSS can be internal or external depending upon the
requirement.
We cannot use HTML inside a CSS sheet but we can use CSS
inside an HTML document.
CSS has comparatively higher backup and support than
HTML
20
Why is CSS used in HTML?

Solves a big problem: Font, color background style, element
alignments, border, and size tags has to be duplicated on each web
page before CSS. This was a lengthy procedure.
Saves a lot of time: Because CSS style definitions are stored in
external CSS files, updating only one file can modify the entire
website.
Provide more attributes: CSS gives more specific features for
defining the look and feel of a website than simple HTML.
Page load faster: CSS doesn’t require you to write HTML tag
attributes all the time. A tag’s rule can be written once and applied
to all instances of the tag. As a result, CSS uses less code, resulting
in speedier download times.
Easier Website maintenance: CSS makes website maintenance
much easier. If we need to make a global change to the file, we can
simply alter the style, which will update all the elements on the
web page.
Multiple device compatibility: We can use CSS with older
language versions because it is compatible with them. CSS makes
it possible to optimize material for several devices.
21
JavaScript is the world’s most popular lightweight,

interpreted compiled programming language. It is also known as a
scripting language for web pages. It is well-known for the
development of web pages and many non-browser environments
also use it; JavaScript can be used for Client-side developments as
well as Server-side developments.
JavaScript can be added to your HTML file in two ways:

INTERNAL JS: We can add JavaScript directly to our HTML file
by writing the code inside the <script> tag. The <script> tag can
either be placed inside the <head> or the <body> tag according to
the requirement.
EXTERNAL JS: We can write JavaScript code in another file
having an extension .js and then link this file inside the <head> tag
of the HTML file in which we want to add this code
22
Are JavaScript and HTML the same?

JavaScript is an advanced programming language that makes
web pages more interactive and dynamic whereas HTML is a
standard markup language that provides the primary structure
of a website.
JavaScript simply adds dynamic content to websites to make
them look good and HTML word on the look of the website
without the interactive effects and all
JavaScript manipulated the content to create dynamic web
pages whereas HTML pages are static, meaning the content
cannot be changed.
JavaScript is not cross-browser compatible whereas HTML is
cross-browser compatible.
JavaScript can be embedded inside HTML but HTML can not
be embedded inside JavaScript.
What is JavaScript used for?
● Web pages with interactive elements: User interaction with web
pages is enabled through JavaScript. On a web page, JavaScript has
essentially no bounds.
● Developing online and mobile applications: For web and mobile
app development, developers can employ a variety of JavaScript
frameworks.
● Creating web servers and server applications: Aside from
websites and apps, developers may use JavaScript to create simple
web servers and Node.js to construct backend infrastructure.
● Game development: Browser games can also be made using
JavaScript. Beginning developers can use these to hone JavaScript
skills.
23
What can we build using JavaScript?

JavaScript is a widely-used programming language. Given below are some
domains/products that can be built using JavaScript:
● Websites: JavaScript helps us to add the behavior of our websites.

It helps users to interact with the websites. For e.g. Clicking on the
button, saving details, uploading details on the websites, etc.
● Web Servers: We can make robust server applications using
JavaScript. To be precise we use JavaScript frameworks like
Node.js and Express.js to build these servers.
● Game Development: In the Game development industry,
JavaScript is used widely. With the addition of HTML5 canvas, it’s
now possible to make 2D and 3D games in JavaScript very
efficiently.
● 3D Drawings: JavaScript in addition to HTML canvas is used to
make three-dimensional graphics.
● Mobile Apps: Mobile applications are the most popular modes of
vcommunicating these days. JavaScript is also used to design
mobile applications. There are many JavaScript frameworks using
which we can make android, IOS, and hybrid apps.
● Smartwatch Apps: The popular smartwatches maker Pebble has
created Pebble.js, a small JavaScript framework that allows a developer
to create an application for the Pebble line of watches in JavaScript.
24
Why do we learn JavaScript?

JavaScript is the most popular and hence the most loved language around
the globe. Apart from this, there are abundant reasons to learn it. Below is a
listing of a few important points:
No need for compilers: Since JavaScript is an interpreted language,

therefore it does not need any compiler for compilation.
Used both Client and Server-Side: Earlier JavaScript was used to
build client-side applications only, but with the evolution of its
frameworks namely Node.js and Express.js it is now widely used for
building server-side applications too.
Helps to build a complete solution: As we saw, JavaScript is widely
used in both client and server-side applications, therefore it helps us to
build an end-to-end solution to a given problem.
Used everywhere: JavaScript is so loved because it can be used
anywhere. It can be used to develop websites, games or mobile apps
etc.
Huge community support: JavaScript has a huge community of
users and mentors who love this language and take its legacy forward.
25
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

REQUIREMENTS
Minimum Hardware Requirements: -

Processor : Pentium-3 or above
RAM : 128 MB or above
Hard Disk : 30 GB or above
Minimum Software Requirement: -

SUBLIME
VS Code
Browser (Internet Explorer 5.0 or Higher or any other Browser)
Operating system: Windows XP/Vista/07/08/10
26
Snapshots OF THE PROJECT

Website -
27
PACKAGE PAGE
28
SERVICES
29
GALLERY
30
BOOK
31
CONTACT PAGE
32
Source Code
ONLINE
TRAVEL
AGENCY
33
Index.html
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
Book.html
43
44
45
CONTACT.html
46
47
48
Style.css
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
CONCLUSION
Travelers continue to seek authentic experiences. The tools they
use to research and book these experiences are constantly
changing due to innovations in technology. Destinations are
also challenged by limited financial resources and strong
competition for tourist dollars from other iconic and even lesser
known locations. The personalisation of travel suggests that
independent travel will have a stronger presence than group
travel, however, we must always consider the type of traveler.
The travel services sector is being forced to innovate at a
startling rate.
In the past, face to face consultations with a travel agent was

paramount for booking both leisure and business travel.
Technology and global circumstances, such as pandemics,
financial collapses, and terrorism, have put pressure on tourism
and travel services. With the development of OTAs and
emerging and disruptive technologies, the travel services
landscape is constantly changing.
64
BIBLIOGRAPHY
● www.google.com
● www.geeksforgeeks.org
65
THANK YOU
66

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National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology

Under the Guidance of

05 Introduction to project 5-16

07 Hardware and software requirements 26

08 Pictures of the Project 27-32

09 Source Code 33-63

In particular, we are grateful to Mr. Akhil Arora for providing us

We hereby declare the work being presented by us in this project,

SUBMITTED BY: - Gurparshad Singh (Reg No. – 1473233)

Siya Rana (Reg No. – 1474303)

This is to certify that this project entitled "ONLINE TRAVEL

Signature of the Students Signature of the Guide

This is to certify that the project entitled "ONLINE TRAVEL

Project Guide Director In-Charge

Introduction To Online Travel Agency

An online travel agency (OTA) is a web-based marketplace that allows

OTAs provide access to your potential guests in locations and at

Types Of OTA Models

OTAs generally work on two models. They are,

1. Merchant Model -: In this model, hotels sell rooms to OTAs at a

2. Agency Model -:This is a commission-based model where OTAs

An OTA is a one-stop online travel marketplace where travelers can search

Think of an OTA as an Amazon.com for travel. OTAs like GetYourGuide and

From an OTA‟s perspective, the typical business model involves making

How does an Online Travel Agency

1. Some online travel agencies require tour operators to apply to be a

4. There is a possibility of finding new customers through the OTA

2. Some OTAs offer “curated marketplaces” instead of “open

3. When a consumer signs up on the OTA platform, their contact

4. Depending on an OTA‟s cancellation policy, if the consumer cancels

HOW OTA MAKES MONEY

Whenever a customer books an activity through an OTA, the tour

Bigger companies can negotiate a lower rate because of their size.

Why work with an Online Travel Agency (OTA)?

OTAs are increasingly popular. In fact, travelers today use

1. Online marketing investments you don’t have to

2. Greater visibility for your own website

A 2011 study which looked at consumers’ online pre-purchase

3. Increased ability to target high-value guests

4. Dedicated support teams

1. Expand your reach

The main advantage of OTAs is their huge popularity, which enables

Breadth of choice: Just as consumers use Amazon for buyer research

2. Create marketing efficiencies

OTAs spend enormous amounts of money promoting their websites. If

3. Generate more low season bookings

4. Gain invaluable insights

Disadvantages of an Online Travel

1. NOT NECESSARILY THE BEST DEAL THROUGH AN

2. OTAS KEEP CUSTOMER CONTACT INFORMATION

3. LACK OF INVENTORY TRACKING

In order to keep track of inventory, tour operators will likely have to

If a tour outfitter does not use a connectivity channel provider, it is up

4. TOUR OPERATORS BECOME OVER RELIANT ON

Alternatively, Origin offers freedom and growth for tour operators.

Why do we learn HTML?

CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is used to apply styles to web

Why do we learn CSS?

THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF CSS WHICH ARE

What does CSS mean?

Tags for formatting a web page were never intended in HTML.

How CSS is different from HTML?

Why is CSS used in HTML?