Presentation Practice

Face &
Politeness by Group 5
 Trần Trang Linh
Our Hoàng Thị Thu Trang
Members Bùi Đức Minh
Phạm Tuấn Anh
 Positive/
1
Negative Face

Face Threatening/
2
Saving Act

Politeness
3
Strategies
Practice Written
Exercises 4
Exercise
Theory

Positive and
Negative Face
 Definition
Negative Face Positive Face
the need to be independent, the need to be accepted, even
to have freedom of action liked, by others, to be treated
and not to be imposed on by as a member of the same
others. group and to know that his or
her wants are shared by
others.
 LUCKY
NUMBERS
 Your Task
Choose a number. For each of the listed acts you
might perform, identify whether it is a threat to the
HEARER’s positive face or negative face.
For each correct answer/ lucky number space, you
get 1 point.
 5
2 4 6
1 3
10 12
7 9 11
8
You’re criticizing a team member for failing to meet the
deadline.

Threat to the hearer's Positive Face

→ Criticisms could be upsetting and show that the speaker’s opinion

differs from the hearer’s.
You’re inviting someone to a party.

Threat to the hearer’s Negative Face

→ Invitations urge the hearer to either spend time with you or to

figure out how to refuse without hurting your feelings, thus limiting
your choices.
You’re refusing an invitation to a party.

Threat to the hearer's Positive Face

→ Refusing an invitation may indicate you don’t want to spend time

with them as they are trying to appeal to you.
LUCKY NUMBER
You’re asking a friend or relative to help you move into a
new apartment across town.

Threat to the hearer’s Negative Face

→ Requests is a large imposition on the hearer, requiring them to

accept or think of a way to refuse.
You’re telling someone you were offended by a joke or
comment they made.

Threat to the hearer's Positive Face

→ Complaints/ Disagreements indicate you don’t share their sense

of humor or point of view, thus emphasizing your differences.
You’re offering to help someone with a problem they seem
to be having. (e.g., helping a classmate with their
homework)

Threat to the hearer’s Negative Face

→ Offers may imply they cannot do something without help, and

that you are in some way superior.
You’re telling a coworker that you’re too busy to talk to
them right now.

Threat to the hearer's Positive Face

→ You’re telling them they’re not as important as whatever you’re

busy with.
You’re asking someone questions for their medical
conditions. (You are working at a medical center.)

Threat to the hearer’s Negative Face

→ Asking a question requires the hearer to make an effort to reply.

They also gave an obligation to answer the question as you have
the authority as their caretaker.
You’re disagreeing with a co-worker’s opinion.

Threat to the hearer's Positive Face

→ Disagreements indicates there are differences between your

opinion and theirs.
LUCKY NUMBER
You’re asking someone to make a formal promise.

Threat to the hearer’s Negative Face

→ Promises involve committing oneself to doing something, so

you’re imposing on the hearer.
EXERCISE 2:
Face Threatening/
Saving Act
 Definition

Face threatening act: Face saving act:

a threat to another a means to lesson the
individual's possible threat to
expectations regarding another's face
self-image
 Question

Identify the Face Threatening Act and

Face Saving Act in each of the following
situations (if possible), and explain your
answers.
 SITUATION A

01 JP: Theresa May (.)

02     when did you realize
03     that you’d got the wrong answer (.)
04     to the biggest question of our times in politics
05     (May coughs & smiles)
06 TM: well I’m tempted to ask you Jeremy what you (.) think
07     d’you mean (.) (hand gesture)
08     you’re talking about Brexit?
09 JP:  well of course (dismissive facial expression)
10 TM: right
11     (some laughter from audience)
 SITUATION B
1.M: Hi Kara, it's Mike here. 
2.K: Hi Mike, how are you doing?
3.M: I'm doing well, and you?
4.K: Everything is going great.
5.M: Kara, would you be interested in going to dinner again this
Friday?
6.K: Mike, I had a good time too, but I am getting ready to move
back to the east coast, so I think I shouldn't get too involved
right now.
7.M: Well, we could just go out as friends.
8.K: Right now, I think I need to really focus on matters at home,
but thanks for a nice evening.
Exercise 3

Positive/ Negative
Politeness Strategies
 Positive Politeness
Strategies
● Be conventional indirect
● Question, hedge
● Be pessimistic
● Minimize the imposition
● Give deference
● Apologize
● Impersonalize S and H
● Use general rule
● Incurring debt
● …
Negative Politeness
Strategies
● Attend to H (needs, wants,...)
● Identity markers
● Seek agreement
● Presuppose or assert common ground
● Joke
● Offer/ Promise
● Be optimistic
● Include both S and H in activity
● Give/ ask reasons
● …
 Your Task

The following utterances have been splitted into

smaller parts. Identify the politeness strategies
used in each part by using the prompts listed in the
table. Each prompt could be used more than once.
 a. Asking someone to help you move
[question, hedge] [incurring debt] [offer]
[seek agreement] [give reasons] [be indirect]
[minimize the imposition]
1 “Do you think it might be possible
2 but I’m moving on Saturday, and I really need a
few people to help,
3 and I was hoping maybe you could…
4 I’ll be buying pizza and beer.
5 Sounds great, doesn’t it?
6 It should only take a couple of hours anyways,
7 And I’d really owe you one.”
b. Inviting someone to a party
[presuppose] [include both S and H]
[give deference] [impersonalize S and H]
[apologize] [question, hedge] [be indirect]
1 “I’m sorry this is kind of last minute,
2 and you must’ve already got some plans, yeah?
3 I mean, civil servants are always occupied.
4 But if you’re not busy, I’m having some people
over on Saturday.
5 It would be my treat if you come.
6 Also, could you perhaps bring some booze?
7 Let’s get drunk like old times.”
 KE
Y
a. Asking someone to help you move

[question, hedge] 1 “Do you think it might be possible

[give reasons] 2 but I’m moving on Saturday, and I really need a few people to help,

[be indirect] 3 and I was hoping maybe you could…

[offer] 4 I’ll be buying pizza and beer.

[seek agreement] 5 Sounds great, doesn’t it?

[minimize the imposition] 6 It should only take a couple of hours anyways,

[incurring debt] 7 And I’d really owe you one.”

 KE
Y
b. Inviting someone to a party

[apologize] 1 “I’m sorry this is kind of last minute,

[presuppose] 2 and you must have already got some plans, yeah?

[impersonalize S and H] 3 I mean, civil servants are always occupied.

[be indirect] 4 But if you’re not busy, I’m having some people over on Saturday.

[give deference] 5 It would be my treat if you come.

[question, hedge] 6 Also, could you perhaps bring some booze?

[include both S and H] 7 Let’s get drunk like old times.”

Exercise 4:
Written Exercise
 Your Task

Write out an utterance (several sentences) that you could use to

achieve the goal, incorporating several different positive/
negative politeness strategies to offset the threats.

You are asking your friends to Topic 2

bring something to your birthday You are asking somebody to pick
party. (It should be something you up from a place. (You are far
that everyone could share.) from home, and you don’t have

Topic 1 any other options.)

 Topic 1

[identity marker] Finally got you, dumbass.

[presuppose] You must know that next Sunday is my birthday.
[question, hedge] Could you bring some beers? Maybe something hard?
[attend to H] We got a little of that good stuff. I know you want it.
See you there.
 Topic 2

[identity marker] Hey bae, you free?

[be pessimistic] You don’t have any upcoming meetings, do you?
[question, hedge] Could you please pick me up from the airport?
[give reason] I’m out of cash, so can’t use the bus.
[identity marker] Thanks bae.
Thank you
for listening
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