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Genral Biology Module 1
Genral Biology Module 1
General Biology 1
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Title: Cell Structure and
Function
General Biology 1 – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Cell Structure and Function
First Edition, 2020
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General Biology 1
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Cell
Structure and Function
1
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
2
For the learner:
Welcome to the General Biology 1 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Cell
Structure and Function!
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.
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Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
4
What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the nature of Biology. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different
learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.
But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the
textbook you are now using.
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What I Know
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
2. Which structure makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the
nucleus?
a. Golgi body
b. Mitochondrion
c. vacuole
d. Ribosome
3. The most important feature within the structure of the cell membrane which helps
it in carrying its task is_______.
a. viscous fluid flowing around it
b. series of fibers within it
c. semi-permeable phospholipid bilayer
d. paired genetic materials within it
4. Its structure is basically thick and rigid layer that surrounds the plant cell and
provides support and structure.
a. Chloroplast
b. Cell wall
c. Lysosome
d. nucleus
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7. This organelle serves as a primary packaging area for molecules that will be
distributed throughout the cell?
a. Mitochondrion
b. Vacuole
c. Cytoskeleton
d. Golgi body
8. What is the term for the jellylike substance that is contained inside the cell
membrane?
a. DNA
b. cytoplasm
c. organelle
d. Nucleus
9. If the cell membrane is NOT semi-permeable membrane how would it affect the
whole cell?
a. the cell will be so much healthy for the entry of nutrients
b. the cell will increase its size too much
c. the cell will be damaged by the entry of harmful substances
d. the cell will lost its receptors
11. Which phrase best describes the property of semi or selective permeability?
a. some molecules pass
b. all ions pass
c. large molecules pass
d. all molecules pass
13. This is the primary reason why plant cell have larger vacuole than animal cell.
a. Plants have thicker cell walls
b. Plants have active storing units
c. Plants can directly make their own food
d. Plants depend on animals for food.
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14. Located within the nucleus, it is responsible for producing ribosomes
a. centrosome
b. nucleolus
c. lysosome
d. Endoplasmic reticulum
15. Which structure is directly responsible for the formation of proteins within the
cell.
a. lysosomes
b. vacuoles
c. centrioles
d. ribosomes
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Lesson
Note that all these life processes are made possible through the
organelles working together as a team. Lets’ find out below what these
organelles are:
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What’s In
Can you still remember the cellular organelles which you learned in
junior high school? Try the anticipation-reaction activity below and see how
much you can recall. After trying the activity draw one emoticon which will
reflect your overall reaction in recalling the concepts.
ANTICIPATION-REACTION ACTIVITY
Write P if the organelle can be found in plants only, A if in animals only
and B if found in both plants and animals.
1. Cytoplasm _______________________________________
2. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum ___________________
3. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum __________________
4. Ribosomes _______________________________________
5. Lysosomes _______________________________________
6. Nucleus __________________________________________
7. Nuclear Envelope _________________________________
8. DNA ______________________________________________
9. Plastids ___________________________________________
10. Vacuole __________________________________________
11. Cell wall _________________________________________
12. Mitochondria ____________________________________
13. Centriole ________________________________________
14. Cell Membrane __________________________________
15. Chloroplast ______________________________________
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What’s New
All the cellular organelles are functioning well in order to support life. There is no least
or more important part because all are equally essential. Everybody will suffer even if one
organelle fails to perform its function.
It’s like you and me, we have different roles but all roles are needed to keep life
possible. Much like in your family, each member need each other in order to survive, you
need your parents much as your parents needs you. The parts and function of the cell is like
a TEAM.
Bible Connection!
“Luke 11:17
“Any kingdom divided against itself will be ruined, and a house divided
against itself will fall”
Home Connection!
In our family, our parents are the nucleus and in order to keep the
family intact, children must obey their parents and do the task required
to them and that is to study hard and in doing that harmonious
relationship within the family will happen.
Let’s check the details of the cellular parts and function below:
What is It
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The cell membrane is a semi-permeable
membrane that facilitate the movement of
molecules inside and outside the plant or
animal cell. It allows only chosen substances
to enter or leave cell which can protect the
cell from harmful substances.
12
The Mitochondria are called the
“powerhouses” of cells. They produce
much of the energy a plant or animal cell
needs to carry out its functions. They are
the centers of cellular respiration, a
process in which energy-rich ATP
(Adenosine Triphosphate) that functions
in energy storage and transfer is
produced.
13
Golgi bodies receive proteins and other
compounds from the ER. They package
these materials and distribute them to the
plant and animal parts of the cell.
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called pectin. Both the primary and
secondary walls are composed mainly of
polysaccharide cellulose which is
commercially important as the main
component of paper and cotton. Aside for
cellulose, the secondary walls usually
contain lignin, a complex organic compound
that adds hardness and rigidity to cell walls.
Plastids are double membrane bound
organelles found in plants. It is basically the
storage of their pigments. Types of Plastids
include the Leucoplasts which are colorless organelles that store starch and
Chromoplasts which contain colored pigments like chloroplast.
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School as an Analogy for Cell Structure and Function
The parts of the school are like the parts of the cell, keep reading and see how
their functions are almost the same!
Security guard- cell membrane because the guard chooses who can
enter or leave the school, only those with student I.D can enter.
School perimeter- cytoplasm because it is where all the parts and
processes of the school can be found
Principal- nucleus because the principal is the person in authority
inside the school especially in terms of management and decision making.
DepEd- nucleolus because they are the ones responsible for hiring and
producing teachers like how nucleolus produces the ribosomes.
Teachers- Ribosomes because they are the ones active in making the
students the best person that they can be.
Classrooms- Golgi Body because it is where the students are taught
and package physically, mentally, socially and spiritually.
Canteen- Mitochondria because the food served in the canteen gives
energy to the students and teachers.
Janitor/Maintenance Team-Lysosome because lie lysosome they get
rid of trashes by cleaning the school premises.
Hallways and corridor- endoplasmic reticulum because they are the
passageway that could be used to transport services, materials and processes
involve in the teaching and learning process.
Cabinets- Vacuole because it stores books, papers and other stocks
needed by the school
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What’s More
ANTICIPATION-REACTION ACTIVITY
Write P if the organelle can be found in plants only, A if in animals only
and B if found in both plants and animals.
1. Cytoplasm _______________________________________
2. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum ___________________
3. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum __________________
4. Ribosomes _______________________________________
5. Lysosomes _______________________________________
6. Nucleus __________________________________________
7. Nuclear Envelope _________________________________
8. DNA ______________________________________________
9. Plastids ___________________________________________
10. Vacuole __________________________________________
11. Cell wall _________________________________________
12. Mitochondria ____________________________________
13. Centriole ________________________________________
14. Cell Membrane __________________________________
15. Chloroplast ______________________________________
Compare and contrast plant and animal cell by completing the Venn diagram
below:
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Your turn: Analogy Time
Direction: Relate the identified parts and function of the cell to the
given parts of the factory. Write a short justification of how their functions are
related. Fill in the table below.
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What I Have Learned
1. Cell has three basic parts namely: nucleus, cytoplasm and cell membrane.
2. The nucleus serves as the control center of the cell.
3. The cell membrane is a selectively permeable membrane composed of
phospholipid bilayer.
4. The cytoplasm is a jelly like fluid where all the organelles are suspended.
5. The organelles found in the cytoplasm are mitochondria, endoplasmic
reticulum, Golgi body, vacuoles, lysosome, cytoskeleton and its components,
cell wall, plastids and centrioles.
6. The structure and function of organelles make life possible for organisms
like plants and animals.
What I Can Do
Think of another analogy to which you can relate the parts and function
of the cell. Make sure to use an analogy that you commonly observe at home,
in school or in your community. Illustrate and put the appropriate label inside
the box below. Answer the guide questions below:
Guide Questions:
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Cell Analogy Guide Questions:
1. Why is nucleus very important? How is it related to the chosen analogy?
2. Describe the role of vacuole. How is it related to the chosen analogy?
3. Describe the role of ribosomes in the cell? How is it related to the chosen
analogy?
4. Why is Golgi body important for the cell? How is it related to the chosen
analogy?
5. What does the mitochondrion do for the cell? How is it related to the chosen
analogy?
6. What do ribosomes do? Are they found freely floating in the cytoplasm?
How is it related to the chosen analogy?
7. What does the endoplasmic reticulum do? How is it related to the analogy?
8. What does the cell membrane do? How is it related to the analogy?
9. What are Lysosomes? How is it related to the chosen analogy?
10. How does the cytoskeleton do for the cell? How is it related to the chosen
analogy?
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Assessment
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Its structure is basically thick and rigid layer that surrounds the plant cell and
provides support and structure.
a. Chloroplast
b. Cell wall
c. Lysosome
d. nucleus
4. This organelle serves as a primary packaging area for molecules that will be
distributed throughout the cell?
a. Mitochondrion
b. Vacuole
c. Cytoskeleton
d. Golgi body
5. What is the term for the jellylike substance that is contained inside the cell
membrane?
a. DNA
b. cytoplasm
c. organelle
d. Nucleus
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7. Which structure makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the
nucleus?
a. Golgi body
b. Mitochondrion
c. vacuole
d. Ribosome
8. The most important feature within the structure of the cell membrane which helps
it in carrying its task is_______.
a. viscous fluid flowing around it
b. series of fibers within it
c. semi-permeable phospholipid bilayer
d. paired genetic materials within it
9. This is the primary reason why plant cell have larger vacuole than animal cell.
a. Plants have thicker cell walls
b. Plants have active storing units
c. Plants can directly make their own food
d. Plants depend on animals for food.
11. Which structure is directly responsible for the formation of proteins within the
cell?
a. lysosomes
b. vacuoles
c. centrioles
d. ribosomes
12. If the cell membrane is NOT semi-permeable membrane how would it affect the
whole cell?
a. the cell will be so much healthy for the entry of nutrients
b. the cell will increase its size too much
c. the cell will be damaged by the entry of harmful substances
d. the cell will lost its receptors
22
14. Which phrase best describes the property of semi or selective permeability?
a. some molecules pass
b. all ions pass
c. large molecules pass
d. all molecules pass
23
Additional Activities
Direction: Read the poem below and make a 10 sentences reflection on how
the message of this poem is related to the concepts that you have learned.
Be the Best of Whatever You Are
by: Douglas Malloch
3 Points Exit
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References
https://www.spectrumnews.org/news/in-cell-sequencing-reveals-genomes-
natural-geometry/amp/
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/rajpalchoudharyjat/cell-wall-structure-
and-function
https://www.vedantu.com/biology/plastids
https://www.cellsalive.com/quiz1.htm
https://amrita.olabs.edu.in/?sub=79&brch=15&sim=125&cnt=2
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