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Acidic-base imbalance

UNDER SUPERVISION:DR/SHIMAA SABRY

PREPARD BY:GROUB A6

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Introduces:
Acid–base imbalance is an abnormality of the human body's
normal balance of acids and bases that causes the plasma
pH to deviate out of the normal range (7.35 to 7.45).

Definition of acid-base imbalance

Your blood needs the right balance of acidic and basic
(alkaline) compounds to function properly. This is called the
acid-base balance. Your kidneys and lungs work to maintain
the acid-base balance. Even slight variations from the
normal range can have significant effects on your vital
organs.

Acid and alkaline levels are measured on a pH scale. An

increase in acidity causes pH levels to fall. An increase in
alkaline causes pH levels to rise that causes the plasma pH
to deviate out of the normal range (7.35 to 7.45).

PH imbalance
Your body’s pH balance, also referred to as its acid-base
balance, is the level of acids and bases in your blood at
which your body functions best.

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The human body is built to naturally maintainTrusted
Source a healthy balance of acidity and alkalinity. The lungs
and kidneys play a key role in this process. A normal blood
pH level is 7.35 to 7.45 on a scale of 0 to 14, where 0 is the
most acidic and 14 is the most basic. This value can vary
slightly in either direction.

If the lungs or kidneys are malfunctioning, your blood’s pH

level can become imbalanced. Disruption in your acid-base
balance can lead to medical conditions known as acidosis
and alkalosis. Both conditions require treatment from a
medical professional, not simply dietary changes. Certain
medical conditions, such as diabetic ketoacidosis, can cause
your blood pH level to become imbalanced.

In addition to maintaining a healthy pH balance for the

blood, your body also closely regulates the pH levels of
other parts of the body — including the digestive tract,
reproductive system, and skin — to ensure that they
function efficiently.

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Symptoms of ph imbalance
Some symptoms that may indicate a pH imbalance include:
- tingling
- muscle cramps
- weakness
- seizures
- irregular heartbeat
- hypo- or hyperventilation
- altered mental state from confusion to comatose.
Female symptoms of pH imbanbce:
* unusual white, green, or gray vaginal discharge
* pain, swelling, itching, or burning in and around the
vagina
* burning during urination * a foul or fishy odor.
Male symptoms of pH imbanbce :
*pain or irritation of the penis
*foul-smelling discharge
*pain during urination
*thick discharge from under the foreskin

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Types of acidosis
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory acidosis is Source by your lungs not being able
to remove enough carbon dioxide when you exhale. This
can occur when your lungs are affected by a disease or
other disorder.
Some conditions that could lead to respiratory acidosis
include:
-asthma
-emphysema and chronic bronchitis
-pneumonia (severe)
-obesity
-sleep apnea
Respiratory acidosis can also be caused by taking narcotics
or sleep medications. Brain and nervous system disorders
that cause breathing problems may also lead to respiratory
acidosis.
The primary symptoms of respiratory acidosis are:
• extreme sleepiness
• fatigue
• confusion
• headache
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If left untreated, respiratory acidosis can become severe
and lead to coma or death

Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic acidosis is a buildup of acid in the body that
originates in the kidneys. It occurs when your body can’t
get rid of excess acid or loses too much base. Specific
causes include:

having too little sodium bicarbonate in your blood, a

potential complication of severe vomiting or diarrhea a
buildup of ketones due to a lack of insulin, a condition
known as ketoacidosis that people with diabetes face a
buildup of lactic acid, a possible complication of alcohol
misuse, cancer, some medications like metforminTrusted
Source, and seizures failure of the kidneys to release acid
into the bloodstream, known as renal tubular acidosis
Metabolic acidosis could also be caused by ingesting certain
substances, such as:
-methanol
-antifreeze
-aspirin (in large doses)
Symptoms of metabolic acidosis can include nausea,
vomiting, and extreme tiredness.
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As with respiratory acidosis, metabolic acidosis can result in
coma or death if left untreated.

Metabolic acidosis is further differentiated into anion gap

metabolic acidosis and non-anion gap metabolic acidosis.
This is based on calculations from bloodwork. This is
important as it can help determine the cause of a person’s
acidosis and can also guide treatment.

pH imbalance causes
A blood pH imbalance can lead to two conditions: acidosis
and alkalosis.

Acidosis refers to having blood that’s too acidic, or a blood

pH of less than 7.35. Alkalosis refers to having blood that’s
too basic, or a blood pH of higher than 7.45.

There are different types of acidosis and alkalosis based on

the underlying cause.

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When acidosis or alkalosis is caused by a lung disorder or
issue with exhalation, it’s referred to as “respiratory.”
When acidosis or alkalosis is caused by a problem with the
functioning of the kidneys, it’s referred to as “metabolic.”

In some cases, a person may have a mix of things

happening. For example, they may have both respiratory
and metabolic acidosis. Blood tests, urine tests, and other
tests can help determine a cause.

Types of alkalosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Respiratory alkalosis occursTrusted Source when there’s
too little carbon dioxide in your blood. Causes of respiratory
alkalosis include hyperventilation due to anxiety, aspirin
overdose, high fever, and possibly even pain.

Symptoms of respiratory alkalosis are muscle cramping and

twitching. You may also notice tingling in your fingers, toes,
and lips, as well as irritability.
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Metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic alkalosis occurs when bicarbonate levels in your
blood get too high or your body loses too much acid. It can
be brought onTrusted Source by a long period of vomiting,
overuse of diuretics, or an overactive adrenal gland.

Other conditions that can lead to metabolic alkalosis are

kidney damage caused by a severe loss of fluids or ingestion
of a large amount of baking soda.

Symptoms of metabolic alkalosis are the same as those

discussed above for respiratory alkalosis.

Types of acidosis
There are two types of acidosis i.e. respiratory acidosis and
metabolic acidosis.
Respiratory acidosis

It is the condition in which the lungs are not able to remove

carbon dioxide from the body due to which there is an
increase in CO2 and this causes increases in the level of pH
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of the blood and other remaining fluids of the body
decreases while making them too acidic
Metabolic acidosis

It occurs when there is a chemical imbalance of acids and

bases in your blood and the body starts making too much
acid and does not have enough amount of base bring acid
to a normal level

Diagnosis of alkalosis
The diagnosis of alkalosis is established by noting pH, serum
bicarbonate (elevated) and pCO2 (compensatory) elevation.
To establish the causes it is necessary to determine The
diagnosis of acidosis generally requires the measurement of
blood pH and carbon dioxide in a sample of arterial blood,
usually taken from the radial artery in the wrist. Arterial
blood is used because venous blood is generally not as
reliable when measuring the body's pH status.intravascular
volume, supine and standing blood pressure and renin
angiotension alolosterone
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Treatment
Sodium citrate if you have kidney disease or kidney failure.
Fluids delivered through a vein in your arm (IV fluids).
IV sodium bicarbonate, which helps balance the acids in
your blood.
Insulin if you have diabetes-related acidosis.

Natural remedies
1. CHECK PH LEVELS REGULARLY pH strips are
inexpensive and give a fast and accurate reading of body's
acidity and alkaline levels
2. START DAY WITH A TALL GLASS OF WATER WITH A
HINT OF LEMON
as it helps boost metabolism
3. REDUCE INTAKE OF ACIDIC FOODS EAT MORE DARK
AND GREEN VEGETABLES
4. GET MORE EXERCISE . Exercise helps body restore its
neutral pH balance
5. TAKE MULTIVITAMINS TO SUPPLEMENT
DIET .multivitamin help alkalize the body. 6. EAT RAW ,
UNSALTED ALMONDS to help combat acidity in the body
7. LIMIT ALCOHOL INTAKE
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8. GO FOR A WALKing daily
9. REDUCE CAFFEINE INTAKE
Caffeine is an acidic factor that can damage the pH of body.
10. REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF STRESS IN the LIFE .
11. FOCUS ON CONSUMING LOTS OF HIGH - ALKALINE
FOODS . Eat a diet rich in fruits , nuts , legumes , and
vegetables.

Complications of acidic —base

imbalance:
-Vomiting (metabolic alkalosis) .
-diarrhea (metabolic acidosis).
-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (respiratory acidosis).
- -pneumonia (respiratory alkalosis).
-respiratory .
- failure,
-organ failure .
- shock.

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