Razelle Joy C.

Rodriguez November 18, 2021

BSN – 1NB Ma’am Florence Baluran

Laboratory Assignment

1. Ethyl alcohol inhibits ADH secretion. Suppose a person drinks two shots of
vodka. What effects does this have on urine production?
• Our kidneys release more water when ADH secretion is suppressed,
resulting in greater urine. Larger volumes of urine output dehydrate the
body, causing not only increased urination but also side symptoms
such as headaches and nausea. ADH is a hormone that tells your
kidneys to keep water in their reservoirs. Because ethyl alcohol inhibits
ADH production, the hormone responsible for our kidneys' ability to
retain water is decreased.

2. To relax after an anatomy and physiology examination. Mr. X goes to a local

bistro and drinks 2 quarts of low-sodium, non-alcoholic beer. What effect does
this beer have on urine concentration and volume?
• Even though it is classified as non-alcoholic beer, it may include
alcohol and typically contains more alcohol than specified on the label.
According to studies, non-alcoholic beer can raise blood alcohol levels
in rare cases, causing some people to test positive for alcohol
metabolites in their urine and breath. Alcohol is a diuretic, meaning it
causes the body to produce more pee. Alcohol inhibits the release of
ADH, a hormone that controls the quantity of water in your blood and
permits water to return to the bloodstream. ADH is also suppressed by
a low salt diet. This causes the kidneys to produce more urine until the
salt content in the blood returns to normal. Both alcohol and low
sodium reduce ADH, resulting in a drop in urine concentration and an
increase in urine volume.

3. As part of a physiology experiment, an anatomy and physiology student asked to

breathe through a 3-foot long glass tube. What effect does this action have on his
blood pH, urine pH, and respiratory rate?
• Breathing through the 3-foot glass tube expels a significant amount of
carbon dioxide from our bodies. Respiratory alkalosis occurs when carbon
dioxide levels in the blood fall too low, causing the pH to increase and
become excessively alkaline. The kidneys adjust by excreting more
bicarbonate, causing the pH of urine to rise for a short time. This elevation
in urine pH is only temporary, lasting until a new steady state is attained,
despite the fact that plasma bicarbonate has decreased as a result of the
alkalemia. The usual response of the respiratory system in a state of
respiratory alkalosis is to increase the quantity of carbon dioxide in the
body by lowering our breathing rate. This also allows the pH of the blood
to drop and return to a normal level.

4. Mr. X has climbed to the top of a mountain. To celebrate, he drinks a glass of

whiskey. Alcohol stimulates hydrochloride acid secretion in the stomach. What do
you expect to happen to Mr. X’s respiratory rate and the pH of his urine?
• Due to the lower air pressure at high altitudes, oxygen deprivation, or
hypoxia, can occur. As previously indicated, Mr. X scaled the mountain's
peak. It makes oxygen delivery to the circulatory system of the body more
 challenging. Climbing the mountain comes with its own set of challenges
that might lead to inefficient physiological responses. Despite the fact that
this person is resting, his respiratory rate is still elevated. Mr. X poured a
drink of whisky to toast his accomplishment. Alcohol causes the stomach
to create more acid than normal, even when consumed in little amounts.
The pH of the urine rises as the amount of HCl acid produced in the
stomach rises.

5. Some patients with hypertension are kept on a low-salt (low-sodium) diet.

Propose an explanation for this therapy.
• Consuming a high-sodium diet causes your body to retain extra water.
The link between high blood pressure and salt consumption is well known.
A low-sodium diet lowers b

lood pressure and the incidence of hypertension, as well as the morbidity and mortality
associated with cardiovascular illnesses. Excess sodium consumption has been
associated to the beginning of hypertension as well as an increased risk of
cardiovascular problems. Sodium aids nerves in regulating autonomic activities
including heart rate and blood pressure, as well as maintaining inter and intracellular
fluid balances. Too much salt can disrupt the fluid balance, contributing to elevated
blood pressure. Similarly, a sodium intake that is too low has detrimental
consequences.

References:

Batlle, D., Chin-Theodorou, J., Tucker, B. (2017, June 7). Metabolic Acidosis or
Respiratory Alkalosis? Evaluation of a Low Plasma Bicarbonate Using the Urine Anion
Gap. US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5572668/

Cleveland Clinic. (2014, December 16). Hypertension and Nutrition.

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/4249-hypertension-and-nutrition

Grillo, A., Salvi, L., Coruzzi, P., Salvi, P., Parati, G. (2019, August 21). Sodium Intake
and Hypertension. US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6770596/

Is Alcohol harming your stomach? (2021). Drinkaware.

https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/facts/health-effects-of-alcohol/effects-on-thebody/is-
alcohol-harming-your-stomach

Kil Kwon, S. (2014). Ethanol Induced urine acidification is related with Early
Acetaldehyde Concentration. Kidney Research and Clinical Practice.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211913214000588

Meszaros, L. (2019, July 24). What’s the sweet spot for sodium intake? MDLinx.
https://www.mdlinx.com/article/whats-the-sweet-spot-for-sodium-intake/lfc-3988

Nall, R. (2019, July 19). Why does Alcohol make you pee? Healthline.
https://www.healthline.com/health/why-does-alcohol-make-you-pee

O’Connell, K. (2017, March 30). Respiratory Alkalosis. Healthline.

https://www.healthline.com/health/respiratory-alkalosis

Shoemaker, S. (2019, November 5). Everything You need to Know about Non-Alcoholic
Beer. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/non-alcoholic-beer