EXERCISE-I

Q.3(b)14/4 Let f , g and h are differentiable functions. If f (0) = 1 ; g (0) = 2 ; h (0) = 3 and the derivatives of
their pair wise products at x = 0 are
(f g)'(0) = 6 ; (g h)'(0) = 4 and (h f)'(0) = 5
then compute the value of (fgh)'(0). [Ans. 16]
(fg )' h  (gh )' f  (hf )' g
[Sol. (fgh)'(0) = f g h' + g h f ' + h f g' =
2
(fg )' (0) ·h (0)  (gh )' (0) ·f (0)  ( hf )' (0) ·g(0)
 (fgh)' (0) =
2
6 ·3  4 ·1  5 ·2
= = 16 Ans. ]
2
 EXERCISE-I
dy 16 t (1  t 4 )
Q.147/4 If y = sec 4 x and x = tan–1(t), prove that = .
dt (1  6 t 2  t 4 ) 2

1 1  tan 2 2x
[Sol. y= = ....(1)
cos 4 x 1  tan 2 2 x
using tan x = t (given)
2t
tan 2x =
1 t2
substituting in (1)

4t 2
1
(1  t 2 ) 2 (1  t 2 ) 2 (1  t 2 ) 2
y= = =
4t 2 (1  t 2 ) 2  4 t 2 1  6t 2  t 4
1
(1  t 2 ) 2

dy (1  6 t 2  t 4 ) ·2(1  t 2 ) ·2 t  (1  t 2 )(4 t 3  12 t )
=
dt (1  6t 2  t 4 ) 2

4t (1  t 2 )[(1  6t 2  t 4 )  (1  t 2 )( t 2  3)] 4t (1  t 2 )(1  t 2 ) 4 t (1  t 4 )

= = = ]
 
1  (t 2  t 4 ) 2 (1  6 t 2  t 4 ) 2 (1  6 t 2  t 4 ) 2
 EXERCISE-I
x2 1
Q.17 If y =  x x 2  1  ln x  x 2  1 prove that 2y = xy' + ln y'. where ' denotes the derivative.
2 2
x2 1
[Sol. y=  x x 2  1  ln x  x 2  1
2 2

1  x2  1
y' = x + 2  2  x 2  1 +
 x  1  2 x 2  1

1  2x 2  1  1
=x+ 2 2  +
 x  1  2 x2 1
1
=x+ [2 (x2 + 1) ]
2 x2 1
y' = x + x2 1
Also 2y = x2 + x x 2  1 + ln (x + x2 1 )
= x (x + x 2  1 ) + ln (x + x 2  1 )
= xy' + ln y' Hence proved ]
 EXERCISE-I
 1  x2 
Q.18(a)1/4 Find the derivative of cos 1   when  < x < 0 , using the substitution x = tan 
 1  x2 

 1  x2  2
[Sol. y = cos 1   x    , 0  [ Ans. :  ]
 1  x2  1  x2

  
x = tan    , 0  ...... (1)
 2 

1  1  tan 2  
y = cos  2   cos
 1  tan  
1
 cos 2   cos1 cos  2 
if 0   2  

= – 2 0   
2
 dy 2
y = – 2 tan–1 x     0 ;  Ans : ]
2 dx 1 x 2
1 x 2
Q.18(b)18/4 If f(x) = sin  1 , find f ‘(x)  x  R , clearly stating the point(s) where f(x) is not derivable.
1 x 2
Also draw the graph of y= f(x) and state its range and monotonic behaviour.
  
[ Ans : {0} , range   , ]
2 2 
[Sol. Domain of f (x) is x  R
Put x = tan
      
f (x) = sin–1(cos2) = sin–1  sin   2   =  2 if –  – 2 
  2  2 2 2 2
 
– 0 ; 0–
2 2

f (x) = – 2 tan–1x i.e. x  0
2
      
again f (x) = sin–1  sin   2   = + 2 if –  + 2 
 2  2 2 2 2
 
– 0 ; + 2tan–1x i.e. x  0
2 2
 2
 2 tan 1 x if x  0  if x  0
1 x 2  2  1 x2
Hence f (x) = sin–1 = ; f ' (x) =  non existent if x  0 ]
1 x2    2
 2 tan 1 x if x  0 if x  0
2 1 x2
  
Range is   , 
 2 2
Graph of f is as shown
f is even and is decreasing. Not derivable at x = 0. ]
 EXERCISE-I
2  1  a  b
 tan  x   d2y bsin x
Q.195/4 If y =  tan  , then show that  . [ REE’88,6]
 2   2
a  bcosx 2
a 2  b2   ab dx

 x
[Sol. y = A tan 1  B tan 
 2

2 ab
where A  ; B
a  b2
2
ab

2 ab 2
AB   AB 
(a  b)(a  b) ab ab

x 1
A B sec 2 1 (a  b )
dy 2 2  .
 a  b ( a  b) cos2 x  (a  b) sin 2 x
dx x
1  B tan 2
2
2 2
2

dy 1 d2y  b sin x
 ....(1)  2
 ]
dx a  b cos x dx (a  b cos x) 2
 EXERCISE-I
1
Q.2311/4 Let f (x) = x + .
1
2x 
1
2x 
2 x  .........
Compute the value of f (100) · f ' (100). [Ans. 100]
1 1
[Sol. f (x) =x + =x+
1 x  f (x)
xx
1
2x 
2 x  .........

1
hence f (x) – x =
x  f (x)
 2
f (x) – x = 12

differentiating w.r.t. x
2 f (x) · f ' (x) – 2x = 0
or f (x) · f ' (x) = x
hence f (100) · f ' (100) = 100 ]
 EXERCISE-I
d2 y
–2
Q.25 If y = 1 2 2 cos 2 x , prove that 2
 y(3y 2  1) (7 y 2  1) .
dx
1 1  y2
[Sol.  1  2 2 cos 2 x  cos 2 x  ....(1)
y2 2 2 y2
2 dy
Diffrentiating  .   4 2 sin 2 x .
y3 dx
dy
 y 3 2 2 sin 2x ....(2)
dx
2
 dy  6 2 6 (1  y 2 ) 
   y . 8(1  cos 2 x ) = 8 y 1  4 
 from (1)
 dx   8 y 
= y2 [ 8y4 – (1–y2)2]
2
 dy  2 4 2
   y [7 y  2 y  1]
 dx 

dy d 2 y dy dy
Diffrentiating 2. 2 =
2y (7y2 + 2y2 – 1) + y2 2 (14y3 + 2y)
dx dx dx dx

d2 y
= y[7y4 + 2y2 – 1 +14 y4 + 2y2 ] = y (21y4 + 4y2 – 1 )
dx 2
= y(21y4 + 7y2 – 3y2 – 1) = y (3y2 + 1) (7y2 – 1) Hence proved. ]
 EXERCISE-II

2 2
1 d y 3 dy d y
Q.719/4 If x = and y = f (x) , show that : 2  2z  z4 2 .
z dx dz dz
dy dx 1
[Sol.  f ' (x ) ;  2
dx dz z
dy dy dz
 .
dx dz dx
dy 2
=  .z
dz
d2 y d  dy  dz
2
   .z2 
dx dz  dz  dx
 d 2 y dy 
=  z 2 2  . 2z  z 2
 dz dz 
d2 y 2
4 d y dy
2
z 2
 2z 3 ]
dx dz dz
 EXERCISE-II
Q.8 Prove that if | a1 sin x + a2sin 2x + .......+ ansin nx |  | sin x | for x  R, then
| a1 + 2a1 + 3a3 + ...... + nan |  1
[Sol. Let f (x) = a1sin x + a2sin 2x + ..........+an sin nx
f ' (x) = a1 cos x + 2a2 cos 2x + ..... + nan cos nx
f ' (0) = a1 + 2a2 + .......+ nan
Hence TPT | f ' (0) |  1
Given | f (x) |  | sin x | for x  R
f ( h )  f ( 0)
f ' (0) = Lim
h 0 h
f (h )
f ' (0) = Lim
h 0
(as f (0) = 0)
h
f (h ) sin h
| f ' (0) | = Lim  Lim =1 [as | f (x) |  | sin x | ]
h0 h h0 h
Hence | f ' (0) |  1 ]
 EXERCISE-II
sin x
Q.12 Let f (x) = if x  0 and f (0) = 1. Define the function f ' (x) for all x and find f '' (0) if it exist.
x
sin x
 if x  0
[Sol. f (x) =  x

1 if x  0

sinh
1
sinh  h
f ' (0+) = Lim h  Lim 0 (using Lopital rule)
h 0 h h 0 h2
sinh
1
– h sinh  h
f ' (0 ) = Lim  Lim 0 (using Lopital rule)
h 0 h h 0  h2

x cos x  sin x
 if x  0
Hence f ' (x) =  x2

0 if x  0

cos x ( x  tan x ) ·x
now Lim f ' ( x ) = Lim =0
x0 x 0 x3
hence the f ' (x) is continuous at x = 0
h cosh  sinh
2
0 h cosh sinh (h  tan h )
now +
f '' (0 ) = Lim h = Lim = cosh Lim
3
h 0 h h 0 h h 0 h3

1  sec 2 h sin 2 h 1
= Lim 2 = – Lim 2 =–
h 0 3h h 0 3h 3
 h cosh sinh h cosh sinh 1
|||ly f '' (0–) = Lim 3 = Lim 3 =–
h 0 h h 0 h 3
1
Hence f '' (0) = – ]
3
 EXERCISE-II
x1 x2 . x x3 . x 2
Q.1527/4If y = 1+ x  x + ( x  x )(x  x ) + +..... upto (n+1) terms then prove that
1 1 2 ( x  x1 )(x  x 2 )(x  x 3 )

dy y  x1 x2 x3 xn 
=     ...  
dx x  x1  x x 2  x x 3  x xn  x 
[Sol. adding term by term
xn
y=
( x  x1 ) ( x  x 2 ) ( x  x 3 ) ....(x  x n )

x x x x
y= . . .......
( x  x1 ) ( x  x 2 ) ( x  x 3 ) (x  x n )

x x x x
ln y = ln  ln  ln  ........  ln
( x  x1 ) (x  x 2 ) (x  x 3 ) (x  x n )

 x  x  xn  (x  x n )  x  1  xn 
now D  x  x  =    
x  (x  x )2  = x  x  x 
 n   n   n 

1 dy 1  x1 x2 xn 
Hence = x  x  x  x  x  ....  x  x 
y dx  1 2 n 

dy y  x1 x2 xn 
    ....  
dx x  x1  x x 2  x xn  x  ]
 EXERCISE-II
a x bx cx
Q.16 Let f(x) =   x m  x n  x . Show that f  (x) = 0 and that f(x) = f(0) + k x where k denotes the
px qx rx
sum of all the co-factors of the elements in f(0).
1 1 1 a x b x cx a  x b  x c x
x m x n  x 1 1 1 x mx nx
[Hint: f  (x) = + +
px qx rx px qx rx 1 1 1
f  (x) = 0 (obviously  two identical rows)
f  (x) = k  f(x) = kx + x , f(0) = c
 f(x) = f(0) + kx . Note that f  (x) = k
1 1 1 a b c a b c
 f  (0) = k =  m n + 1 1 1 +  m n
p q r p q r 1 1 1
= (c11 + c12 + c13) + (c21 + c22 + c23) + (c31 + c32 + c33)
= sum of co-factors of elements f(0) ]
 EXERCISE-II

1 R
|Sa  a  b  c 2 2 2 U
|V& = a + b cos x + c sin x ; prove that dy = 1 .
Q.18 If y = cos1
a 2  b2  c2 |  b c
T 2 2
|
W dx 

1
cos1
F
a  A 2
G IJ
[Sol. A HB K
, where A  a 2  b 2  c 2 , B  b2  c2

L
M O
P
M B a  e
a  A j B P L
M B
2 O
P
dy 1
 M
d A M F
1
. P
P
1
 M
A2B
. 2 2 P
a  A I
2 2
B  AM 2 2
M1 G J P N B  e
a  A j 2 2 2 2 B  P
Q
M
N H B  K P
Q
dy  A

d  B2  2  a  A 2 c h 2
.....(1)

d
 – b sinx + c cosx .....(2)
dx
A ( c cos x  b sin x )
dy dy d
dx

d dx

 h B2  2  a  A 2 c 2
[ from (1) and (2) ]

L
M A (  c cos x  b sin x ) O
P1
= M
N B   a   A  2aA  P
2 2
Q
2 2 4 2

L
M A (  c cos x  b sin x ) O
P 1

M
N ( b  c )   a   (a  b  c )  2a (a  b  c ) P
2 2 2 2 2 2
Q 2 2 2 2 2

L
M A (  c cos x  b sin x ) O
P 1

M
N  ( a  b  c ) (   a  b  c )  2 a ( a  b  c ) P
2 2 2 2 2
Q 2 2 2 2 2

L
M A (  c cos x  b sin x ) O
P 1

M
N a  b  c ( b  c )  (  2a  a ) P
2 2 2 2
Q 2 2 2

L
M A (  c cos x  b sin x ) O
P 1

M
N a  b  c ( b  c )  (  a ) P
2 2 2 2
Q
= ( – a) = b cos x + c sin x + 2bc sinx cosx
2 2
2 2 2 2 2

 (b2 + c2) – ( – a)2 = b2 sin2x + c2 cos2x – 2bc sinx cosx = ( c cosx – b sinx ) 2
dy

R
A (  c cos x  b sin x ) 1
S U
V
 dx T
A (  c cos x  b sin x )  W
dy 1
 ]
dx 
 EXERCISE-II
4x 3
Q.20 Find a polynomial function f (x) such that f (2x) = f ' (x) f " (x). [Ans. ]
9
[Sol. Suppose degree of f (x) = n.
Then deg f ' = n – 1 and deg f " = n – 2, so n = n – 1 + n – 2.
Hence n = 3.
So put f (x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d. (a  0). Now using f (2x) = f ' (x) · f " (x)
Then we have 8ax3 + 4bx2 + 2cx + d = (3ax2 + 2bx + c)(6ax + 2b)
= 18a2x3 + 18abx2 + (6ac + 4b2)x + 2bc.
Comparing x ,3 2
18a = 8a ....(1)  a = 4/9
Comparing x ,2 18ab = 4b ....(2)  b=0
Comparing x, 2
2c = 6ac + 4b ....(3)  c=0
Comparing constant term, a = 2bc  d=0
4x 3
 f (x) = Ans.]
9
 EXERCISE-III

Q7. Determine the values of a, b and c so that

(a  b cos x)x  c sin x
Limit = 1 [Ans: a = 120; b = 60; c = 180]
x0 x5
(a  b cos x) x  c sin x L
M
0O
[Sol. Lim
x 0 x5 N0 P
Q
(a  b cos x)  x (  b sin x )  c cos x
Lim
x 0 5 x4
Now limit of Nr . = a + b – c = 0 .... (1)
as x  0
a  ( b  c) cos x  bx sin x a (1  cos x)  bx sin x
 l = Lim = Lim
x 0 5x 4 x 0 5x 4
a
= Limit of Nr. b0 ....(2)
2
b 2 (1  cos x)  x sin x
= Lim
5 x 0 x4
b 2 sin x  (sin x  x cos x) b sin x  x cos x
= Lim 3 = Lim
5 x 0 4x 20 x 0 x3
b (tan x  x) b 1 b
= Lim cos x 3 = .  1
20 x 0 x 20 3 60
 b = 60  a = 120
 c = a + b = 1800 ]
 EXERCISE-III

Q.9 Using L’ Hospital’s rule or otherwise, evaluate the limit

Fsin x I
3x n G J  x
2
3

Lim
Hx K
x 0 bx  sin xgb1  cos xg
L
M
x  sin x 1 O
6 P
6x n sin x  n x  x 3 Lim 
M P
3
Lim x0 x
F
G IJ F IJ
K G
x  sin x 1  cos x
[Sol. l= x 0

H . x3
H . x2
K M
M
1  cos x 1P
2P
& Lim 
x 3
x2
N x0 x 2
Q
R
6x (n sin x  n x)  x U 3 R6 (n sin x  n x )  x U
 12 Lim S V
2
 12 Lim S V T
T W W
5 4
x0 x x 0 x
m
U sin g L ' Hospital rule for m

F
G 1IJ
Lim
H
6 cot x 
x K
 2x
 Lim
3 ( x  tan x)  x 2
m= x0 4 x3 x0
x4
tan x
x
x

3 ( x  tan x)  x 2 tan x
m = Lim
x 0 2 x5
3 ( 1  sec 2 x)  x 2 sec 2 x  2 x tan x
= Lim ( Using L ‘ Hospital Rule)
x 0 10x 4
 3 tan 2 x  x 2 sec 2 x  2 x tan x  x tan x  x tan x
= Lim (add & subtract x tanx)
x 0 10x 4
3 tan x ( x  tan x)  x 2 sec 2 x  x tan x
= Lim
x 0 10 x 4

3 tan x x  tan x x 2 sec 2  x tan x  x 2  x 2

= Lim .  Lim
10 x0 x x3 x 0 10 x 4

3 1 x 2 (sec 2 x  1)  x ( x  tan x) 1 x 2 tan 2 x  x ( x  tan x)

=  .  Lim =   Lim
10 3 x0 10x 4 10 x 0 10x 4
1 1 1 x  tan x
m =   
10 10 10 x3
1 12 2
m=   l  12 m     Ans ]
30 30 5