PRI

NCI
PLESOFURBANDESI
GN.
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URBANSCALE
“
SYSTEM OFMEASUREMENTCONVI
NIENTTOUSANDWHATEVERWEAREMEASURI
NG”

HI
ERARCHYOFSPATI
ALTYPESBASEDONSCALERANGESFROM SMALLI
NTI
MATECOURTSPACESTOGRANDURBAN
SPACESENDI
NGWITHVASTSPACEOFNATUREINWHICHTHECI
TYISSET

I
NTI
MATES
CALE URBANES
CALE MONUMENTALS
CALE

GENERALFEI
LDOFHUMAN DETAI
LEDFEILDOFHUMAN
VIS
ION VIS
I ON

ES
TABLIS
HEDBTS HAPEOFFACE ANARROW CONEWI THI
NGEN-
ANIRREGULARCONE ERALFIELD,
MEAS
UREAVERY
30’UP45’DOWN MINUTEANGLE
65’TOEACHSIDE APPROXEQUALTOTHUMBNAIL
HELDBYANAIL

BECAUS
ETHECONESOFVI
EWSOFOURTWOEYESOVERLAPALONGTHEHORI
ZONTALAXI
S,I
TISPOS
SIBLEFORUSTOS
EE
AROUNDVERTI
CALSPLACEDI
NOURVIEW

HOW DOESTHI
SAFFECTURBANSCALE?

I
NTI
MATESPACESOFACI
TYAREUSUALL
YNOTMORETHAN80’
ACROSS

URBANESPACESAREGENERALL
YAROUND450’

I
NMONUMENTALVI
STASGREATERTHAN4000’
HUMANBEI
NGSCEASETOPLAYAPART

GRANDURBANSPACECANNOT
EXCEED450’WI
THOUTSEEMINGTOO
LARGEUNLESSSOMEINTERMEDI
ARY
ELEMENTSAREINTRODUCEDTOSUS-
TAINTHECHARACTEROFTHEPLACE

INTI
MATE
SCALEOFOUR
FI
NEOLDRESI-
DENTIAL
STREETS TRI
UMPHALARCHWAY,
PARI
S

I
NMONUMENTALVISTASGREATERTHAN4000’
,
HUMANBEINGSCEASETOPLAYAPART

ST.PETER’
SSQUARE
 URBANENCLOSUREANDURBANMASS
FUNDAMENTALREQUI
REMENTOFURBANSPACEI
SACTUALURBANENCLOSURE,
ORI
TS
STRONGARTI
CULATI
ONBYURBANMASS
HOW MUCHENCLOSUREI
SNECESS
ARY?

OURFRONTALFI
ELDOFVIEW I
NAPLACEDETERMINES“
DEGREEOFENCLOSURE”
S
ENS
EOFSPACEWHICHISGI
VENBYTHERELATIONSHI
POFVIEWINGDI
STANCETOBUILD-
I
NGHEIGHT
FULLENCLOSURE(
1:1)
S
INCEBUI
LDI
NGI
SCONS
IDERABL
YHIGHERTHANTHEUPPERLI
MIT(
30’
OFOURVI
SION)
WEFEELWELLENCLOS
ED
THRESHHOLDOFENCLOSURE(
1:2)
FACADEHEI
GHTCOI
NCIDESWITHOURUPPERLIMITOFOURNORMALVIEW THI
SISTHE
THREASHHOLDOFDI
STRACTI
ON,THELOWERLIMITOFCREATI
NGAFIELDOFENCLOSURE
MI
NIMUM ENCLOSURE(
1:3)
WEPERCI
EVETHEPROMI
NENTOBJ
ECTSBEYONDTHES
PACEASMUCHASTHES
PACEI
TSELF
LOSSOFENCLOSURE(
1:4)
THES
PACELOS
ESI
TSCONTAI
NINGQUALI
TYANDPERI
PHERALF
ACADESFUNCTI
ONMOREAS
EDGES

SPATI
ALENCLOSUREISALSOAMATTEROFCONTI NUITYOFWALLSURFACE:
THEROLEOFBUI LDI
NGF ACADESMUSTBESUBSURVIENTTOTHESPACES
THEYFORM

SPATI
ALENCLOSURECANBEWEAKENEDBYTOO
MANYGAPSI NTHEWALLS,
DRASTICVARIATI
ON
AMONGTHEFACADES
ANDABRUPTCHANGESINCORNICELI
NES

18DEGREE(
1:3)TENDTOSEETHRE
OBJ
ECTINRELATIONTOI
TSSUR-
ROUNDINGS
 GOLDENTEMPLE QUI
POCHURCH
14DEGREE(
1:4):
TENDTOSEETHEOVER- 30DEGREE(1:
2):SEETHEOBJ
ECTASA
ALLOBJ
ECTASAFORWARDEDGEINAN WHOLECOMPOSITI
ONTOGETHERWITHITS
OVERALLS
CENE DETAILS

CHARACTER
APLACEWITHITSOWNIDENTI
TYTOPROMOTECHARACTERINTOWNSCAPEANDLAND-
S
CAPEBYRESPONDINGTOANDREI
NFORCI
NGLOCALLYDI
STINCTI
VEP
ATTERNSOFDEVEL-
OPMENT,
LANDSCAPEANDCUL
TURE

CONTI
NUI
TYANDENCLOSURE
APLACEWHEREPUBLICANDPRIVATESPACESARECLEARLYDI
STINGUI
SHED.
TOPROMOTE
THECONTI
NUITYOFSTREETFRONTAGEANDTHEENCLOS UREOFS P
ACEBYDEVELOPMENT
WHICHCLEARLYDEFI
NESPUBLICANDPRIVATEAREA

PUBLI
CREALM
APLACEWITHATTRACTI
VEANDS UCCESSFULOUTDOORS P
ACES,TOPROMOTEPUBLI
CSP
ACES
ANDROUTESTHATAREATTRACTI
VE, S
AFE,UNCLUTTEREDANDWORKEFFECTIVELYI
NALLSO-
CI
OETYINCLUDINGCHILDRENANDDISABLEDPEOPLE