Pr

ivat
eLaw

1.I
nthel
i
stofpossi
blest
atement
s,whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngst
atement
sist
rue?
A.Cont
rar
ytocr
imi
nall
aw,Et
hiopi
anext
racont
ract
uall
i
abi
l
ityl
aw di
sregar
ds
t
hedef
endant
'
sment
alst
atewhendet
ermi
ningwhet
herornothei
satf
aul
t.
B.Ev
eni
fther
eisact
ualorper
cei
vedsubst
ant
iall
osst
othepl
aint
if
f'
sint
erest
,
r
emedi
esmayst
il
lbeav
ail
abl
eunderEt
hiopi
anext
racont
ract
uall
i
abi
l
ityl
aw
whent
hedef
endant
'
snegl
i
gencei
sest
abl
i
shed.
C.Accor
ding t
o Et
hiopi
an ext
ra-
cont
ract
uall
i
abi
l
ityl
aw,i
nsani
tyi
s nota
def
enset
hatcanexemptaper
sonf
rom l
i
abi
l
ity
.
D.Al
l
E.A&B
2. Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngasser
ts,
outoft
heopt
ionspr
ovi
ded,
isi
ncor
rect
?
A.Accor
dingt
oEt
hiopi
ant
ortl
aw,t
her
emustbedamagei
nor
dert
ohol
da
per
pet
rat
oraccount
abl
e.
B.TheEt
hiopi
ant
ortl
aw al
l
owsaper
pet
rat
ort
oav
oidr
esponsi
bil
i
tyi
fiti
s
uncer
tai
nhowmuchdamagewasact
ual
l
ydone.
C.UnderEt
hiopi
ant
ortl
aw,causat
ioni
sgener
all
yar
equi
rementf
orst
ri
ct
l
i
abi
l
ityf
ordamage.
D.AandB
E.Al
l
3.Cont
ract
ingpar
ti
eshav
ecompl
ete"
freedom t
ocar
ryout
”anyoft
hef
oll
owi
ngact
s,
wi
tht
heexcept
ionof
:
A.Choosi
ngt
heappr
opr
iat
epay
mentmet
hod.
B.Det
ermi
ningt
hef
ungi
bil
i
tyoft
hings.
C.Est
abl
i
shi
ngt
hel
ocat
ion,
timi
ng,
andmanneroft
hecont
ract
'sper
for
mance.
D.Pr
ovi
dingagr
aceper
iodt
oanon-
per
for
mingpar
ty.
E.Det
ermi
ningacont
ract
'
srequi
rement
sregar
dingl
egal
i
tyofacont
ract
4.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngasser
ti
ons,
outoft
heopt
ionspr
ovi
ded,
iscor
rect
?
A.Unl
i
kecr
imi
nall
aw,Et
hiopi
anext
racont
ract
uall
i
abi
l
ityl
aw di
sregar
dst
he
def
endant
'
sment
alst
atewhendet
ermi
ningwhet
herornothei
satf
aul
t.

1
 B.Whent
hedef
endant
'
snegl
i
gencei
sshown,r
emedi
esmaybeav
ail
abl
e,
r
egar
dlessofwhet
hert
her
eisact
ualorper
cei
vedmat
eri
aldamaget
othe
pl
aint
if
f'
sint
erest
.Thi
sist
rueunderEt
hiopi
anext
racont
ract
ual
li
abi
l
ityl
aw.
C.Accor
ding t
o Et
hiopi
an ext
ra-
cont
ract
uall
i
abi
l
ityl
aw,i
nsani
tyi
s nota
def
encet
hatcanexemptaper
sonf
rom l
i
abi
l
ity
.
D.Al
l
E.A&B
5.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngasser
ts,
outoft
heopt
ionspr
ovi
ded,
isi
ncor
rect
?
A.Accor
dingt
oEt
hiopi
ant
ortl
aw,t
her
emustbedamagei
nor
dert
omakea
t
ort
feasoraccount
abl
e.
B.Uncer
tai
ntyast
otheexactamountofdamagecausedi
sadef
ensef
ora
per
pet
rat
ort
oescapel
i
abi
l
ityundert
heEt
hiopi
ant
ortl
aw.
C.UnderEt
hiopi
ant
ortl
aw,causat
ioni
sgener
all
yar
equi
rementf
orst
ri
ct
l
i
abi
l
ityf
ordamage.
D.AandB.
E.Al
l
.
6.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngcl
aims,
outoft
heal
ter
nat
ives,
isf
alse?
A.The onl
yfor
m ofcompensat
ionunderEt
hiopi
an t
ortl
aw i
s monet
ary
compensat
ion.
B.Theexi
stenceorabsenceofi
ntent
ioni
snev
err
elev
antunderEt
hiopi
anl
aw
whendet
ermi
ningwhet
hert
hedef
endanti
satf
aul
t.
C.TheEt
hiopi
anLawofSt
ri
ctLi
abi
l
itypr
ohi
bit
edt
heassessmentoff
aul
ton
t
hepar
tofei
theroft
hepar
ti
esi
nat
ortcase.
D.Al
l
.
E. None.
7.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngr
easonsf
orcont
ractext
inct
ionr
equi
resunani
mousconsent
f
rom bot
hcont
ract
ual
par
ti
es?
A.Cancel
l
ati
on
B.Set
-of
f
C.Ter
minat
ion
D.Nov
ati
on

2
 E.Al
l
8.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngconcept
sisunr
elat
edt
oEt
hiopi
ant
ortl
aw?
A.I
njunct
ion
B.Compensat
ion
C.Enf
orcementofpar
ti
es'
commi
tment
D.Rest
it
uti
on
E.None
9.Whi
choneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngst
atement
siscor
rectaboutf
ormat
ionofcont
ract
sunder
t
heEt
hiopi
anl
awofcont
ract
s?
A.Cont
ractcanbef
ormedwi
thoutt
heexpr
essi
onofconsentoft
hecont
ract
ing
par
ti
esasl
ongast
her
eismeet
ingofmi
ndoft
hecont
ract
ingpar
ti
es
B.Cont
ractcannotbef
ormedunl
esst
hecont
ract
ingpar
ti
esmeetphy
sical
l
y
andsi
gnt
hecont
racti
nper
son
C.Acont
ractcanbef
ormedev
enbet
weenabsentpar
ti
essol
ongast
her
ear
e
appr
opr
iat
eof
ferandaccept
ancebet
weent
hecont
ract
ingpar
ti
es
D.Anyv
ali
dcont
racti
ssai
dtobef
ormedwher
ethef
ormalr
equi
rement
sar
e
compl
etel
ysat
isf
iedbyt
hecont
ract
ingpar
ti
es.
E.Undert
hel
awofcont
ract
s,anyv
ali
dcont
ractcannotbef
ormedunl
esst
he
cont
racti
sdul
ysi
gnedbyt
hepar
ti
es
10.
Whi
choneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sincor
recti
nrel
ati
ont
oext
racont
ract
uall
i
abi
l
ityunder
Et
hiopi
anl
aw?
A.Ther
emustbeapr
oxi
mat
ecauseandef
fectr
elat
ionshi
pbet
weent
hef
aul
ty
actandani
nter
esthar
med
B.Thei
nter
esthar
medmustbeal
egi
ti
mat
eone
C.Ther
emustbeabr
eachofdut
yont
hepar
toft
het
ort
feasor
D.Ther
emustbenor
mal
l
ybedamaget
oani
nter
est
E.Thei
nter
esthar
medmusthav
eal
way
samonet
aryv
alue
11.Oneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngst
atement
sisnott
rueaboutt
heappl
i
cabi
l
ityoft
heCi
vi
lCode
ont
hest
atusandact
ivi
ti
esoft
rader
s
A.TheCi
vi
lCodepr
ovi
sionsofgener
alcont
ractl
awappl
ytot
he f
ormat
ionof
cont
ract
sbet
weent
rader
s

3
 B.TheCommer
cialCodei
sasel
f–cont
ainedl
awont
rader
sandt
her
eisno
needf
ort
heappl
i
cat
ionoft
heCi
vi
lCodeont
rader
s
C.Theappl
i
cabi
l
ityoft
heCi
vi
lCodeont
rader
scanbeexcl
udedi
fot
her
wise
pr
ovi
dedi
ntheCommer
cial
Code
D.TheCi
vi
lCodepr
ovi
sionsot
hert
hant
hegener
alcont
ractl
awcanal
soappl
y
t
otr
ader
s
12.
Whi
choneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngaspect
sty
pical
l
ychar
act
eri
zesaj
ointv
ent
uref
orm of
busi
nessor
gani
zat
ionundert
heEt
hiopi
anl
aw
A.I
tisnotr
equi
redt
ober
egi
ster
ed
B.I
tcanbeacommer
cial
ornon-
commer
cial
busi
nessor
gani
zat
ion
C.I
tismanagedbyonepar
tner
D.I
tisusef
ulespeci
all
yforweal
thypeopl
ewhowhatt
ocar
ryoutbusi
ness
secr
etl
y
E.I
fit
sexi
stencei
sdi
scl
osed,
iti
sregar
dedasagener
alpar
tner
shi
p
13.
Whi
choneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sbey
ondt
hepowerofcont
ract
ingpar
ti
es?
A.Set
ti
ngt
heper
iodofl
i
mit
ati
on
B.Det
ermi
ningt
heobj
ectoft
hecont
ract
C.Det
ermi
ningt
imeofper
for
mance
D.Det
ermi
ningt
hepl
aceofper
for
mance
E.Det
ermi
ningt
her
espect
iver
ight
sandobl
i
gat
ionsoft
hepar
ti
es
14.
Whi
choneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sdi
ff
erentamongt
hegi
venal
ter
nat
ives?
A.St
ri
ctl
i
abi
l
ity
B.Li
abi
l
itywi
thoutf
aul
t
C.Pr
oductl
i
abi
l
ity
D.Vi
car
iousl
i
abi
l
ity
E.Li
abi
l
ityf
ordamagecausedduet
ooper
ati
onofmot
orv
ehi
cles
15.Hannadeposi
tedherwat
chwi
thSol
omononcont
ractofbai
l
mentf
ort
woy
ear
sbut
Sol
omonsol
dthewat
cht
oYaf
eti
nopenmar
keti
nvi
olat
ionoft
ermsoft
hecont
ract
.
Yaf
etdi
dnotknowSol
omonl
ackst
it
leagai
nstt
hewat
ch.Whi
choneoft
hef
oll
owi
ng
i
scor
rect
?
A.Hannacannotcl
aimt
hewat
chf
rom Yaf
et

4
 B.Hannacancl
aimt
hemar
ketpr
iceoft
hewat
chf
rom Yaf
et
C.Yaf
eti
nnowayacqui
ret
it
leagai
nstt
hewat
ch
D.Thecont
ractbet
weenSol
omonandYaf
eti
snotav
ali
dcont
ract
E.Hannacannoti
nvoket
hecont
ractofbai
l
mentt
ocl
aimr
emedyagai
nst
Sol
omon
16.
Oneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngmat
ter
sisnotr
equi
redbyt
heCommer
cialCodet
obei
ndi
cat
ed
byt
heMemor
andum ofAssoci
ati
on
A.Thecapi
tal
oft
hecompany
B.Thegener
almanageroft
hecompany
C.Thebusi
nesspur
poseoft
hecompany
D.Theheadof
fi
ceoft
hecompany
E.Thenameoft
hecompany
17.Whi
choneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
str
ueaboutel
ement
sofbusi
ness?
A.I
ncor
por
ealel
ement
s,suchasgoodsandequi
pment
sconst
it
utet
hemai
n
el
ement
B.Cor
por
ealel
ement
s,suchasgoodsandequi
i
pement
sconst
it
utet
hemai
n
el
ement
C.I
ncor
por
ealel
ement
s,suchast
radenameandt
rademar
kconst
it
utet
he
mai
nel
ement
D.Pat
ent
sandcopy
rightconst
it
utet
hemai
nel
ement
E.Al
l
18.
Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngor
ganhast
hepowert
ocal
lgener
almeet
ingofshar
ehol
der
s
ofShar
eCompany
?
A.Li
qui
dat
ors
B.Boar
dofDi
rect
ors
C.Audi
tor
s
D.Per
sonnomi
nat
edbyt
hecour
t
E.Al
l
19.
Whoar
ethef
ounder
sofShar
eCompanyundert
heCommer
cial
Code
A.Per
sonswhosi
gnt
heMoAandAoAandsubscr
ibet
hewhol
ecapi
taloft
he
company

5
 B.I
nthecaseofpubl
i
cShar
eCompany
,per
sonswhosi
gnpr
ospect
us
C.Anyout
siderwhoi
nit
iat
edt
hepl
ansoff
aci
l
ityf
ort
hef
ormat
ionoft
he
company
D.Al
l
E.None
20.
Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
snott
rueaboutspeci
almeet
ingofshar
ehol
der
sinShar
e
Company
?
A.Speci
almeet
ingi
sameet
ingi
nwhi
chal
lshar
ehol
der
sshal
lat
tend
B.Speci
almeet
ingmustbecal
l
edt
oappr
ovedeci
sionsofgener
almeet
ings
modi
fyi
ngspeci
alr
ightofshar
e
C.Ther
uleofext
raor
dinar
ymeet
ingast
oquor
um andmaj
ori
tyi
sappl
i
cabl
e
t
ospeci
almeet
ing
D.Al
l
E.B&C
21.
Par
tner
shi
psunderCommer
cial
CodeofEt
hiopi
a
A.Ar
eal
way
slegal
per
sons
B.Ar
eei
thercommer
cial
orci
vi
l
C.Hav
elegal
per
sonal
i
ties
D.Hav
emaxi
mum l
i
mitr
egar
dingnumberofpar
tner
s
E.None
22.
Gener
alpar
tner
shi
p
A.Hasunl
i
mit
edl
i
abi
l
ity
B.I
sapar
tner
shi
pwhosepar
tner
sar
ejoi
ntl
y,sev
eral
l
yandper
sonal
l
yli
abl
e
t
othef
ir
m’sdebt
C.Maybeei
thercommer
cial
orci
vi
l
D.Al
l
E.None
23.
Joi
ntv
ent
urei
s
A.Apar
tner
shi
phav
ingl
egal
per
sonal
i
ty
B.Apar
tner
shi
pwhosepar
tner
sar
eact
ivei
nal
lbusi
nessor
gani
zat
ions
C.Theonl
ybusi
nessor
gani
zat
ionwhi
chi
snotl
egal
ent
it
y

6
 D.Apar
tner
shi
phav
ingf
ir
m nameofi
tspar
tner
s
E.Apar
tner
shi
pwhi
chowest
hepr
oper
tyofi
tspar
tner
s
24.
Shar
esi
npr
ivat
eli
mit
edcompany
A.Ar
efr
eel
ytr
ansf
err
edamongt
hei
rshar
ehol
der
s
B.Needamaj
ori
tyv
oteofatl
east75%t
otr
ansf
ert
hem t
oout
sider
s
C.Gi
vepr
eempt
ionr
ightt
oit
sshar
ehol
der
s
D.Shal
lbet
ransmi
tt
edt
othehei
rsoft
heshar
ehol
der
s
E.Al
l
25.
Compani
esunderCommer
cial
CodeofEt
hiopi
aar
eal
way
s
A.Ci
vi
li
nnat
ure
B.Commer
cial
innat
ure
C.Ei
thercommer
cial
orci
vi
li
nnat
ure
D.Nei
thercommer
cial
norci
vi
li
nnat
ure
E.None
26.
Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
snott
rueaboutashar
e?
A.Shar
eisei
thermov
abl
eori
mmov
abl
epr
oper
ty.
B.Shar
egi
vesr
ight
sandl
i
abi
l
iti
est
othehol
der
.
C.Shar
eist
hei
nter
estoft
heshar
ehol
der
sint
hecompanymeasur
edbyt
he
sum ofmoney
D.Shar
ehol
deri
sapar
t-
owneroft
hecompany
.
27.
Whatdoest
he“
doct
ri
neofpr
ivi
ty”ofcont
ractpr
esupposes
A.Thegov
ernmentcanbenef
itf
rom acont
ractconcl
udedbet
weenpr
ivat
e
par
ti
esev
eni
fthegov
ernmenti
snotacont
ract
ingpar
ty
B.I
tist
hecont
ract
ingpar
ti
eswhoenj
oyr
ight
sandassumeobl
i
gat
ionsf
rom
t
hecont
ractt
heyhav
econcl
uded
C.Thi
rdpar
ti
esshoul
dbenef
itf
rom acont
ractconcl
udedbyt
hecont
ract
ing
par
ti
es
D.Thi
rd par
ti
es shoul
d assume obl
i
gat
ions as a r
esul
tofa cont
ract
concl
udedwi
thot
hercont
ract
ingpar
ti
es
E.Acont
ractwhi
chhasnotcont
ainedconsi
der
ati
onshal
lnotbebi
ndi
ngon
cont
ract
ingpar
ti
es

7
28.I
ncont
ract
ualr
elat
ions,goodf
ait
hoft
hecont
ract
ingpar
ti
esshoul
dbeser
iousl
y
consi
der
edbyacour
tofl
aworanar
bit
ralt
ri
bunali
nrel
ati
ont
ooneoft
hef
oll
owi
ng
except
A.Thef
ulf
il
lmentofacondi
ti
onal
cont
ract
B.I
nter
pret
ati
onofcont
ract
s
C.Cancel
l
ati
onofcont
ract
s
D.Nov
ati
onofacont
ract
E.Var
iat
ionofcont
ract
29.Whi
choneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngsi
tuat
ionsdoesnotbr
ingaboutext
ra-
cont
ract
uall
i
abi
l
ity
f
ort
heaut
horofanactev
ent
houghhi
sactcausesmat
eri
aldamage?
A.Aper
soni
ntent
ional
l
yfai
l
stoper
for
m hi
scont
ract
ual
obl
i
gat
ion
B.Aper
sondi
ver
tedt
ohi
sownbenef
itapowerent
rust
edt
ohi
mfort
he
benef
itoft
hepubl
i
c
C.Adoct
ornegl
i
gent
lymi
sdi
agnosest
hepl
aint
if
f’
sil
l
ness
D.Adr
ivernegl
i
gent
lycausedacci
dentont
hepl
aint
if
f
E.Aper
sont
respassedt
hepr
oper
tyoft
hepl
aint
if
f
30.I
fcompensat
ioni
sassoci
atedwi
thnon-
per
for
manceofacont
ract
,inv
ali
dat
ioni
s
associ
atedwi
th
A.Ter
minat
ionofacont
ract
B.Def
ecti
nthef
ormat
ionofacont
ract
C.Pr
ivi
tyofcont
ract
D.Non-
ret
roact
ivi
tyofcont
ract
E.Nov
ati
onofcont
ract
31.
Whi
choneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngcannotbeembr
acedbyt
heexpr
essi
on“
viceofconsent
”
undert
heEt
hiopi
anl
awofcont
ract
s?
A.Mi
stake
B.Dur
ess
C.Fr
aud
D.I
mmor
ali
tyofobj
ectofcont
ract
E.Fal
sest
atement
32.Oneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
snotav
ali
dgr
oundofdi
ssol
uti
onofcompani
es

8
 A.Expi
ryoft
heper
iodf
orwhi
cht
hecompanyi
sest
abl
i
shed
B.Pr
ohi
bit
ionbyl
aw oft
hebusi
nessact
ivi
ti
esf
orwhi
cht
hecompanyi
s
est
abl
i
shed
C.Deat
hofbot
hshar
ehol
der
sinat
womemberPr
ivat
eLi
mit
edCompany
D.Lossofal
lthecapi
tal
oft
hecompany
E.I
nst
it
uti
onofbankr
upt
cypr
oceedi
ngsagai
nstt
hecompany
33.Undert
heCi
vi
lCodeofEt
hiopi
acont
ract
ingpar
ti
escannotuset
hei
rfr
eedom of
cont
ractt
o:
A.Ext
endorshor
tenper
iodofl
i
mit
ati
ondet
ermi
nedbyt
hel
aw-
makerand
pr
ovi
deexcept
ionst
other
uleofev
idencei
ncor
por
ated i
nthecode
concer
ningt
headmi
ssi
bil
i
tyofcer
tai
nmeansofev
idence
B.Det
ermi
neal
ter
nat
iveobl
i
gat
ionsast
hatwi
l
lbecont
rar
ytosecur
it
yof
t
ransact
ion
C.Li
mitt
hei
rli
abi
l
ityandpr
ovi
deundert
hei
rcont
ractt
hatt
heywi
l
lnotbe
l
i
abl
eunl
esst
heycommi
tfaul
t
D.Ext
endt
hei
rli
abi
l
ityundert
hecont
ractandpr
ovi
det
hatt
heywi
l
lbel
i
abl
e
f
or non-
per
for
mance al
though per
for
mance i
s pr
event
ed by f
orce
maj
eur
e
E.Makeoneoft
hecont
ract
ingpar
ti
est
oassumeacer
tai
nobl
i
gat
ionand
t
heot
hercont
ract
ingpar
tyt
oassumenoobl
i
gat
ionatal
l
.
34.Whi
choneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngobl
i
gat
ioni
str
ue?
A.Ev
eryj
uri
dicalacti
sacont
ract
ualagr
eementwhi
l
eev
erycont
ract
ual
agr
eementi
snotaj
uri
dical
act
B.Ev
eryobl
i
gat
ioni
sacont
ractwhi
l
eev
erycont
ractmaynotnecessar
il
y
ent
ail
anobl
i
gat
ion
C.Ev
eryagr
eementi
sacont
ractwhi
l
eev
erycont
racti
snotanagr
eement
D.Ev
erycont
racti
sanagr
eementwhi
l
eev
eryagr
eementi
snotacont
ract
E.Ev
erycont
racti
mposesobl
i
gat
ionsonbot
hthecont
ract
ingpar
ti
es
35.Non-
per
for
manceofacont
ractcannoti
nanycaseent
ail
A.Cancel
l
ati
onoft
hecont
ract
B.Cr
imi
nal
li
abi
l
ityandf
orcedl
abor

9
 C.Pay
mentofcompensat
ion
D.Var
iat
ionofcont
ract
E.For
cedper
for
manceofacont
ract
36.
Whi
choneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngst
atement
sisnecessar
il
ytr
ueaboutt
her
ight
sofa
guar
ant
oraspert
heEt
hiopi
anCi
vi
lCodeof1960?
A.Aguar
ant
orwhohaspai
dtot
hecr
edi
torhast
her
ightt
ocl
aimi
ndemni
ty
f
rom t
hepr
inci
pal
debt
orunderci
rcumst
ances
B.Gener
all
yspeaki
ng,
theguar
ant
orhast
her
ightt
osetupdef
ensest
hatcoul
d
besetupbyt
hepr
inci
paldebt
oragai
nstt
hecr
edi
torev
eni
fthepr
inci
pal
debt
ordecl
i
nest
orai
sesuchdef
enses
C.Theguar
ant
ordoesnothav
ether
ightt
osummont
hecr
edi
tort
opr
oceed
agai
nstt
hepr
inci
paldebt
orbef
oret
hemat
uri
tydat
eoft
heobl
i
gat
ionunder
al
lci
rcumst
ances
D.Al
l
E.None
37.
Whi
choneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngst
atement
sisnott
rueaboutsubr
ogat
ionundert
he
Et
hiopi
anLawofCont
ract
s?
A.I
tisexact
lyt
hesameast
hepr
inci
pleofi
ndemni
tyi
nal
lci
rcumst
ances
B.I
tiscr
eat
edbyt
heagr
eement
soft
hecont
ract
ingpar
ti
esbot
hint
hecaseof
sur
etyandpl
ural
i
tyofdebt
ors
C.I
tisappl
i
cabl
ebyv
irt
ueoft
hel
aw
D.I
tiscr
eat
edbyj
udi
cial
deci
sioni
nthecaseofsur
ety
E.All
38.
Whi
choneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngst
atement
sisnott
rueaboutj
ointandsev
eral
li
abi
l
iti
esof
co-
debt
orsundert
he1960Ci
vi
lCodeofEt
hiopi
a?
A.Oneoft
heco-
debt
orscannotv
ali
dlyr
efuseper
for
manceoft
hecont
ract
t
hought
hecr
edi
torhast
hel
i
ber
tyt
opr
oceedagai
nstt
heco-
debt
ors
B.Thecr
edi
tordoeshav
ether
ightt
ocl
aimt
hewhol
edebtf
rom oneoft
heco-
debt
orsi
rr
espect
iveoft
heamountofshar
eoft
heco-
debt
ors
C.I
ftheconsentofanyoft
heco-
debt
orswasv
iti
atedbyanyv
iceofconsent
dur
ingt
hef
ormat
ionoft
hecont
ract
,anyoft
heco-
debt
orscanr
aisesuch

10
 def
enseagai
nstt
hecr
edi
tor
D.Al
ltheco-
debt
orsshal
lassumeequalobl
i
gat
ionst
owar
dst
hecr
edi
torwher
e
t
heyf
ail
todet
ermi
net
hei
rrespect
iveshar
esofobl
i
gat
ionsi
nthecont
ract
E.A&C
39.
Art
.1714(
2)oft
he1960Ci
vi
lCodeofEt
hiopi
ast
ipul
at hatt
est hecour
tmaynot
makeacont
ractundert
hegui
seofi
nter
pret
ati
onoft
hecont
ract
.Whi
choneoft
he
f
oll
owi
ngi
nfer
encescanv
ali
dlybemadef
rom t
hisl
egal
prov
isi
on?
A.Et
hiopi
ancour
tsar
epr
ohi
bit
edt
oint
erpr
etcont
ract
ualpr
ovi
sionsev
eni
fthe
pr
ovi
si
onsar
evague,ambi
guousorcont
radi
ctor
ysi
ncei
tist
hecont
ract
ing
par
ti
eswhohav
ethepowert
odet
ermi
net
hecont
ent
soft
hecont
ract
B.Et
hiopi
an cour
ts ar
e notpr
ohi
bit
ed f
rom i
nter
pret
ing cont
ract
s wher
e
i
nter
pret
ati
oni
sgenui
nel
ycal
l
edf
orbecause"ofambi
gui
ty,v
aguenessor
cont
radi
cti
onofcont
ract
ual
prov
isi
ons
C.Cont
ract
sshoul
dcomef
rom i
nter
pret
ati
onwher
ethepar
ti
eshav
enotcl
ear
ly
def
inedt
hei
rrespect
ivecont
ract
ual
right
sandobl
i
gat
ions
D.Al
l
E.BandC
40.
Undert
heEt
hiopi
anl
awofcont
ract
s,t
hev
ali
dit
yofanycont
ractnecessar
il
yrequi
res
t
hecumul
ati
vepr
esenceof
:
A.Obj
ect
,for
m,consentandcapaci
ty
B.For
m,capaci
tyandconsent
C.Consent
,capaci
tyandobj
ect
D.Consent
,obj
ectandf
orm
E.Capaci
tyandconsent
41.
Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngj
uri
dicalact
sisnotwi
thi
nthescopeofappl
i
cat
ionoft
he
Et
hiopi
anl
awofcont
ract
?
A.Mar
ri
agecont
ract
B.Adopt
ionagr
eement
C.Cont
racti
nvol
vi
ngear
nest
D.Condi
ti
onal
cont
ract
E.B&C

11
42.
Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngst
atement
siscor
rectamongt
hegi
venal
ter
nat
ives?
A.Non-
per
for
mance ofone’
s dut
y may ent
ailei
thercont
ract
ualorext
ra
cont
ract
ual
li
abi
l
ityoft
hedef
aul
tedper
sonbasedont
hesour
ceoft
hatdut
y
B.Thebasi
sforv
icar
iousl
i
abi
l
ityi
sthef
aul
tofaper
sonwhoi
sanswer
abl
efor
t
heactofanot
herper
son.
C.Thesour
ceofdut
ybr
eachedbyt
hedef
endanti
sthekeyf
act
ordi
sti
ngui
shi
ng
t
hev
ict
im’
scauseofact
ioni
ntor
torcont
ract
D.A&B
E.A&C
43.
Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngst
atement
siscor
rectamongt
hegi
venal
ter
nat
ives?
A.Faul
toft
hev
ict
imt
otal
l
yexempt
sthet
ort
feasoratl
eastr
educest
heext
ent
ofl
i
abi
l
ityt
hatt
hel
att
erowest
othev
ict
im
B.Exi
stenceornon-
exi
stenceoff
aul
tont
hepar
tofei
thert
hev
ict
im ort
he
def
endanti
sabsol
utel
yir
rel
evanti
ntheassessementofcompensat
ioni
n
caseofst
ri
ctl
i
abi
l
ityunderEt
hiopi
anl
aw
C.Aper
soni
sli
abl
eundert
heEt
hiopi
ant
ortl
awf
ordamagecausedduet
ohi
s
negl
i
genceunl
esst
hel
awpr
ovi
desot
her
wise
D.A&B
E.Al
l
44.
Undert
heEt
hiopi
anl
awofcont
ract
s,assi
gnmentofobl
i
gat
oryr
ight
s
A. I
sthesameasst
ipul
ati
onofabenef
ici
aryi
nal
lrespect
s
B.Maybemadegr
atui
tousl
yinwhi
chcaset
heassi
gnori
snotr
equi
redt
o
guar
ant
eet
heexi
stenceoft
her
ight
C.Can be made f
orconsi
der
ati
on t
hough t
he assi
gnori
s notr
equi
red t
o
guar
ant
eet
heexi
stenceoft
her
ightatt
het
imeoft
heassi
gnment
D.I
snotpossi
bleasi
tvi
olat
est
hepr
inci
pleofpr
ivi
tyofcont
ractwhi
chi
sthe
nucl
eusoft
heEt
hiopi
ancont
ractl
aw
E.I
s made bef
oret
he concl
usi
on oft
he cont
ractt
o be assi
gned t
othe
benef
ici
ary
45.
Int
heEt
hiopi
anl
aw ofcont
ract
s,t
heessenceofj
ointandsev
erall
i
abi
l
ityofco-
debt
orsi
sthat

12
 A.Oneoft
hedebt
orsmayv
ali
dlyr
efuseper
for
manceoft
hecont
ractast
he
cr
edi
torhast
hel
i
ber
tyt
opr
oceedagai
nstt
hemeani
ngco-
debt
ors
B.Thecr
edi
torhast
her
ightt
ocl
aimt
hewhol
edebtf
rom oneoft
hecr
edi
tor
s
i
rr
espect
iveoft
heshar
eofshar
ehol
der
s
C.I
ftheconsentofoneoft
heco-
debt
orswasv
iti
atedbyanyv
iceofconsent
dur
ingt
hef
ormat
ionoft
hecont
ract,anyoft
heco-
debt
orscanr
aisesuch
def
enseagai
nstt
hecr
edi
tor
D.Al
lthe co-
debt
ors shal
lassume equalobl
i
gat
ions t
owar
ds t
he cr
edi
tor
i
rr
espect
iveoft
heagr
eementofco-
debt
orsasbet
weent
hemsel
ves
E.B&C
46.
Whati
sthest
atusofoat
hundert
heCi
vi
lCodeofEt
hiopi
ainr
elat
iont
opr
oofof
cont
ract
s?
A.I
tisusedt
opr
oofcont
ract
sthatneedt
obemadei
nwr
it
ingpr
ovi
dedt
hatt
he
documentest
abl
i
shi
ngt
hecont
ractwasl
ost
B.Becauset
hemor
alst
andar
dsoft
hepeopl
eofEt
hiopi
ahav
ebeengr
eat
ly
er
oded,oat
hdoesnothav
eanysi
gni
fi
cancet
opr
oveacont
racti
nEt
hiopi
a
t
oday
C.I
tisausef
ult
oolt
orebutt
hepr
esumpt
ionofpay
ment
sincor
por
atedi
nthe
Et
hiopi
anCi
vi
lCode
D.I
thas been expr
essl
y made unl
awf
ulsi
nce t
he adopt
ion oft
he FDRE
const
it
uti
on
E.A&C
47.
Immor
ali
tyorunl
awf
ulnessofobj
ectofacont
ractl
eadst
o__
___
___whi
l
enon–
per
for
manceofacont
ractmayl
eadt
o__
___
___
___
_
A.For
cedper
for
mance/cancel
l
ati
on
B.Cancel
l
ati
on/i
nval
i
dat
ion
C.I
nval
i
dat
ion/compensat
ion
D.Speci
fi
cper
for
mance/compensat
ion
E.Ter
minat
ion/cancel
l
ati
on
48.
Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngst
atementi
sincor
rectamongt
hegi
venal
ter
nat
ives?
A.Thepr
imepur
poseofst
ri
ctl
i
abi
l
ityl
aw i
stoensur
edet
err
encef
orpot
ent
ial

13
 wr
ongf
ulact
s
B.Cour
tsi
nEt
hiopi
amayappl
yequi
tyonl
yinspeci
fi
edci
rcumst
ancest
ofi
xthe
amountofcompensat
iont
hatt
hev
ict
im ofat
orti
sent
it
ledt
o
C.Vi
car
iousl
i
abi
l
ityi
sasour
ceoft
ortl
i
abi
l
ityt
hatdoesnotgener
all
yrequi
re
ei
theri
ntent
ionornegl
i
genceont
hepar
toft
heper
sonwhoact
ual
l
ycar
ryout
t
hewr
ongf
ulact
D.A&B
E.A&C
49.
Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngst
atement
siscor
rectamongt
hegi
venal
ter
nat
ives?
A.Apl
aint
if
fint
orti
srequi
redi
nvar
iabl
ytopr
ovet
heexi
stenceofdamage.
B.Thet
estf
or“
standar
dofgoodconduct
”thataj
udgeappl
i
esi
nrel
ati
ont
oa
pr
ofessi
onalr
egar
dingt
hepr
act
ici
ngofhi
spr
ofessi
onmustbet
hesameas
t
heoneappl
i
cabl
eforal
ay-
per
soni
nrel
ati
ont
othesameact
oromi
ssi
on
C.Ther
eexi
stsj
ointandsev
erall
i
abi
l
ityoft
heempl
oyeeandt
heempl
oyeri
n
caseofv
icar
iousl
i
abi
l
ityi
ntheEt
hiopi
ant
ortl
aw
D.A&B
E.A&C
50.
Whi
choneoft
hef
oll
owi
nggr
oundsofext
inct
ionofcont
ract
sdoesnotnecessar
il
y
i
nvi
tet
hei
nvol
vementoft
hecour
t?
A.I
nval
i
dat
ion
B.Nov
ati
on
C.Ter
minat
ion
D.Cancel
l
ati
on
E.Set
-of
f
51.
Whi
choneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngst
atement
sist
rueabouti
nval
i
dat
ionofcont
ract
sunder
t
heEt
hiopi
anCi
vi
lCode?

A.I
nEt
hiopi
a,i
nval
i
dat
ionofacont
ractmaynotbesoughtaf
terapassageofa
cer
tai
nper
iodoft
imepr
ovi
dedbyl
awi
rr
espect
iveoft
henat
ureoft
hedef
ect
oft
hecont
ract
B.I
nval
i
dat
ionofacont
ractmayber
equest
edonl
ybyoneoft
hecont
ract
ing

14
 par
ti
esi
rr
espect
iveoft
henat
ureoft
hedef
ectl
eadi
ngt
oinv
ali
dat
ion
C.I
nEt
hiopi
a,i
tisonl
yvoi
dcont
ract
sthatar
etobei
nval
i
dat
edwhi
l
evoi
dabl
e
cont
ract
scannotbei
nval
i
dat
ed
D.I
nEt
hiopi
a,i
nval
i
dat
ionofcont
ract
smadebyt
hecont
ract
ingpar
ti
esdoesnot
hav
eanyr
etr
ospect
iveef
fect
E.AandCabov
e
52.
Thebedr
ockofev
erycont
ract
ual
obl
i
gat
ioni
s
A.Thedeci
si
onoft
hegov
ernment
B.Theagr
eementoft
hepar
ti
es
C.Thel
aw
D.Rel
i
giousedi
ct
E.Moral obl
igati
on
Wh
def
i
ec
nh
do
ane
tu
on
fd
th
er
etf
h
oe
ll
o
Ewt
hi
i
no
ga
pi
al
nE
ter
n
xa
tr
t
a
iv
-c
eo
sn
rt
er
p
ar
ce
ts
ue
an
lt
L
si
ad
be
il
f
i
et
y
nsL
eaw
av
?ail
abl
etothe
53.
Which one oft he fol
l
owing al
ternati
ves repr
esent s def
ense avai
l
abl
etot
he
def
endantundert
heEt
hiopi
anExt
ra-
cont
ract
ual
Liabi
l
ityLaw?
A.I
nsani
ty
B.Age
C.I
ll
i
ter
acy
D.Vi
cti
m’s(
plai
nti
ff
s)f
aul
t
E.I gnoranceofl aw
I
i
s
nthenormal courseofci rcumst ances,thenor
malwayofext
inct
ionofacont
ract
54.
Inthenor malcourseofci rcumst ances,t
henor
malwayofexti
ncti
onofacontr
acti
s
59
5.
6
7
8V.
B
C
D
E a
P
TMe
N
r
ie
a
or
t
v
r
f
mi
io
g
an
e
t
rn
i
ma
r
oo
a
o
no
f
ti
f
n
o
th
t
c
n
f
he
te
o
h
c
of
c
e
of
t
o
nc
h
t
n
ht
o
er
t
e
na
r
c
at
c
o
r
ct
o
a
n
tn
c
tr
t
ar
ac
ctt
A.Var iati
onoft hecont r
act
B.Ter
minat
ionoft
hecont
ract
C.Mer
geroft
hecont
ract
D.Nov
ati
onoft
hecont
ract
E.Per
for
manceoft
hecont
ract
53.
Whi
choneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
nci
dent
smaynotbr
ingaboutst
ri
ctl
i
abi
l
ityont
he
def
endantundert
heEt
hiopi
anl
aw?
A.Thedef
endant
’sdogser
iousl
ybi
test
hepl
aint
if
f
B.Thedef
endant
’sbui
l
dingcol
l
apsedandcauseddamaget
othepr
oper
tyoft
he
pl
aint
if
f
C.Thedef
endant
’scarhadaf
aul
tybr
eakwhi
chmadet
hecart
ocol
l
idewi
thand

15
 causedamaget
othepr
oper
tyoft
hepl
aint
if
f
D.Thedef
endant
’schi
l
dinf
li
cteddamaget
othepr
oper
tyoft
hepl
aint
if
fby
set
ti
ngf
ir
enegl
i
gent
ly
E.Thedef
endantmanuf
act
uredf
oodwhi
chcausedser
iousheal
thi
njur
yont
he
pl
aint
if
f
54.
InEthiopia,acontractofsuretyisanaccessor yobligati
onbecause:
54
65.
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3O
B
C
c
o
D
v
E
w
ni
r
o
e
b
.f
e
h
e
I
c
n
lwt
t
i
tr
d
t
tc
c
e
g
h
ti
r
c
h
s
e
a
ts
a
a
o
oe
s
te
c
p
a
n
ir
i
o
ma
t
.
r
nu
a
b
e
nn
a
t
o
s
.e
h
e
o
i
le
b
n
a
dt
a
e
tb
n
l
s
n
n
s
ic
g
c
t
d
he
a
e
v
et
b
a
o
i
ci
c
o
l
tn
l
f
i
o
ir
s
e
ni
d
p
en
h
s
al
f
e
t
u
mp
i
ot
a
e
d
dw
r
i
rb
o
v
a
e
ma
e
l
n
o
is
n
t
s
c
o
y
ih
l
e
t
l
fh
e
o
y
db
ao
t
d
f
f
hf
u
t
gd
e
e
y
t
ui
h
rt
e
n
c
o
ta
e
h
s
ob
r
e
a
n
ct
h
a
h
n
ot
c
l
e
r
a
ie
t
n
o
n
a
o
wt
t
n
c
i
r
n
et
c
s
a
gt
xoi
o
.
b
c
tmi
t
i
f
s
n
h
in
e
n
s
c
es
n
t
gp
ut
a
u
c
i
ro
n
e
r
o
ee
n
a
tt
t
ny
r
s
to
i
e
oo
e
f
cn
f
s
uto
.
a
t
rt
h
i
h
te
y
ep
fo
r
id
f
n
p
th
e
c
t
rr
i
e
a
i
n
a
pt
c
n
h
ag
i
s
ll
pu
a
a
oa
c
lo
e
fr
t
g
a
io
a
n
tn
h
b
lo
ts
o
e
l
ig
r
wa
r
p
it
n
r
i
ha
o
i
dt
nn
ch
i
pe
al
A.Oft hepresenceofpl ural
ityofguarantors
B.I
tcanbeest
abl
i
shedwi
thoutobt
aini
ngt
heconsent of t
he guar
ant
orand
t
hecr
edi
tor
C.I
t cannot be est
abl
i
shed i
n t
he absence of a pr
inci
pal l
egal or
cont
ract
ualobl
i
gat
ion and i
t nor
mal
l
y di
es concomi
tant t
othe deat
h
of t
he pr
inci
pal
obl
i
gat
ion
D.I
tisanobl
i
gat
ioni
mposedbyt
hel
awt
oinsur
esecur
it
yoft
ransact
ionswi
tha
v
iewt
oenhanceconf
idenceoft
hecont
ract
ingpar
ti
es
E.I
tremai
ns v
ali
d ev
en af
ter t
he ext
inct
ion of t
he pr
inci
palobl
i
gat
ion
whi
chnecessi
tat
edt
hecr
eat
ionoft
hecont
ractofsur
ety
55.
Whichoft hefollowingstatementsi sincorrectamongt hegivenalt
ernati
ves?
56
67.
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5No
s
p
h
B
u
d
C
D
-
c
Et
i
n
l
e
x
.o
ms
a
h
t
E
n
l
T
P
Ut
a
i
t
r
e
i
n
i
t
x
oe
h
a
r
n
o
w
n
r
o
t
i
eme
p
-
a
l
s
n
i
t
a
fl
i
c
t
f
a
u
e
E
o
we
t
l
i
s
nE
tno
n
u
l
n
f
h
ys
ti
a
u
c
s
,
ii
o
l
e
o
t
a
x
fe
s
L
c
p
n
t
a
os
a
r
o
i
a
a
ru
do
mp
p
lf
c
b
nE
-
i
o
e
c
t
o
it
l
o
rf
mmu
i
h
e
s
a
t
o
x
ny
e
t
o
u
r
t
hi
r
r
t
n
L
ld
w
e
ti
a
i
a
oe
a
-
c
i
d
nw
c
n
s
f
n
t
e
is
a
o
e
u
c
.
dt
i
fma
s
n
a
e
ot
l
a
t
n
h
f
re
L
a
o
d
t
e
ddt
i
c
t
a
s
o
ac
t
n
b
a
o
n
ma
uo
oa
t
i
u
as
l
n
.
w
i
rl
t
o
s
c
g
yi
L
l
e
u
e
li
L
q
r
an
c
t
i
a
u
b
so
h
o
e
we
i
t
i
f
l
nr
n
o
i
.
sdp
t
e
t
f
y
uc
s
d
sc
l
e
t
aa
t
r
c
a
s
r
i
wg
ma
c
e
i
r
s
ct
tl
e
a
yo
tdi
r
g
o
ly
i
i
a
e
va
f
f
rt
e
b
.o
b
t
r
i
hr
i
l
n
l
i
ot
e
i
t
v
s
t
yy
i
a
c
iu
s
h
l
a
ln
s
e
u
rd
u
i
g
n
oe
d
u
pr
s
d
e
s
ut
l
rt
r
b
y
hl
e
i
l
ea
d
l
i
a
cb
b
h
e
E
ti
e
f
i
t
l
n
ai
h
t
y
gt
ma
i
y
o
Eu
p
t
ot
h
n
t
h
ia
o
i
d
e
on
r
e
p
yr
E
ia
t
xh
n
tr
e
a
A.Not ionall
y,asui tfordefamationwi llnotsucceedi ftheall
egedlydefamatory
st
atementi
s communi
cat
ed t
oa t
hir
d par
tyort
othe publ
i
c by t
he
pl
aint
if
fhi
msel
finst
eadoft
hedef
endant
B.The Et
hiopi
an Ext
ra-
cont
ract
ualLi
abi
l
ityl
aw gov
erns i
ssues r
elat
ing t
o
unl
awf
uldet
ent
ionofaper
sonandt
heconsequentdamage
C.Pr
ofessi
onalf
aul
tis a sour
ce of st
ri
ct l
i
abi
l
ity under t
he Et
hiopi
an
Ext
ra-
cont
ract
ual
Liabi
l
ityLaw
D.Unl
awf
ulcompet
it
ioni
snotasour
ceofst
ri
ctl
i
abi
l
ityundert
heEt
hiopi
an
Ext
ra-
cont
ract
ual
Liabi
l
ityLaw
E.Exi
stenceorot
her
wiseofdamagei
snecessar
yforv
icar
iousl
i
abi
l
ityundert
he
Et
hiopi
anExt
ra-
cont
ract
ual
Liabi
l
ityLaw
56.Whatr ol
esdocour t
sofl awpl ayinrelat
iontocont r
acts?
B
C
c
D
i
E
a
na
o
c
.c
C
me
nc
e
t
or
c
p
u
ao
t
r
ca
ot
r
tt
s
d
nc
c
a
e
a
p
do
e
n
r
s
l
oh
n
ms
a
.
c
st
y
ei
a
s
as
i
w
t
n
a
vo
t
i
s
et
me
n
h
ht
gv
t
e
ot
h i
h
e
n
r
ae
o
h
t
pg
e
l
e
r
e
ou
n
e
sf
w
e
d
l
ie
n
f
i
e
w
t
nv
o
a
e
ra
i
gc
r
l
r
t
tn
ms
h
t
oma
eh
t
o
rr
e
p
ems
n
a
r
gv
t
o
n
a
rk
v
a
dc
re
a
i
dt
ci
s
a
n
t
ci
t
i
dc
oo
n
ov
i
o
nn
gp
n
sd
t
o
a
ri
a
n
o
t
r
ai
n
i
d
f
c
or
a
dn
t
i
nt
i
s
h
i
es
o
e
s
b.
o
ny
C
d
,
v
st
a
i
p
u
v
eo
t
o
r
i
ri
f
l
o
s
mi
nC
t
i
n
gt
ht
o
i
n
eo
v
d
a
he
f
c
e
t
ec
o
i
.
on
o
t
nn
i
t
n
me
t
er
t
a
r
ar
p
n
a
cr
ds
o
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te
.
f
tt
s
a
oe
.
tf
t
i
f
oo
e
no
r
fa
co
n
fd
n
at
racts
A.Cour tsplaysomer olesint heformat i
onofcont ractwheret hepart
iesfai
lto
comet
oter
msast
othef
inal
ter
msandcondi
ti
onsoft
hecont
ract
.

16
 B.Cour
tspl
aysomer
olesf
ort
hev
ari
ati
onandnov
ati
onofcont
ract
s
C.Cour
tsdohav
ethepowert
omakecont
ract
sbyposi
ti
vei
nter
pret
ati
onofa
cont
ractcont
aini
ngv
aguet
ermsandcondi
ti
ons
D.Cour
tspl
aysome r
oleswi
thr
egar
dtov
ari
ati
on,t
ermi
nat
ion and setof
cont
ract
sinaccor
dancewi
tht
her
elev
antpr
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sionsoft
heCi
vi
lCode
E.Cour
tsassi
stt
hei
ntendi
ngcont
ract
ingpar
ti
esdur
ingt
het
imeofof
ferand
accept
ance

5
6
e
a
p
t
g
w
f
d
o
c
u
E8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
h
o
i
o
r
f
g
n
e
u
i
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b
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r
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h
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r
57.Asecondar
yguar
ant
or:
A.I
saguar
ant
orwhoguar
ant
eest
owar
dst
heguar
ant
ort
heef
fect
ivenessofhi
s
i
ndemni
tycl
aim agai
nstt
hepr
inci
pal
debt
or
B.I
sest
abl
i
shed onl
yforcondi
ti
onalcont
ract
swhoseper
for
mancedat
eis
uncer
tai
n
C.I
scr
eat
edwi
thoutt
heknowl
edgeoft
hecr
edi
torsi
ncesuchguar
ant
eei
s
cr
eat
edi
nfav
oroft
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ir
stguar
ant
or
D.I
sobl
i
gedt
odi
schar
get
heobl
i
gat
ionoft
hedebt
orwher
ethedebt
orort
he
f
ir
stguar
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orf
ail
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schar
get
heobl
i
gat
ionowedt
othecr
edi
tor
E.I
snotr
ecogni
zedundert
heCi
vi
lCodeofEt
hiopi
a

Ap
g
a
B
C
p
i
c
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d
o
w
no
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r
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e
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60.
Uni
l
ater
alcancel
l
ati
onofcont
ract
sbyonepar
tyi
spossi
blewher
e:
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tyi
ndef
aul
tfai
l
stodi
schar
gehi
scont
ract
ualobl
i
gat
ionwi
thi
naper
iod
ofgr
acegr
ant
edt
ohi
m byacour
tofl
aw
B.Thecont
racti
sacont
ractofdi
l
igenceoracont
ractofr
esul
t
C.Theot
hercont
ract
ingpar
tydi
esorbecomesi
nsol
ventbef
oret
heduedat
eof
t
hecont
ract
D.Ther
eisanunduedel
ayoft
heper
for
manceoft
hecont
ractf
orwhat
ever
r
eason

Ap
d
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w
6
a
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2
3
4
5
6
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i
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g
w
ad
t
a
s
n
o
p
dt
f
e
a
y
e
tc
a
u
t
.
f
l
a
h
n
t
u
e
va
t
d
l
i
h
r
e
oh
c
t
e
o
n
vi
t
i
.
i
l
s
e
y
n
sd
o
s
r
tu
a
o
i
f
t
me
o
r
61.Uni
l
ater
alcancel
l
ati
onofcont
ract
sbyonepar
tyi
spossi
blewher
e:
A.A par
tyi
ndef
aul
tfai
l
stodi
schar
gehi
scont
ract
ualobl
i
gat
ionwi
thi
na
per
iodofgr
acegr
ant
edt
ohi
m byacour
tofl
aw
B.Thecont
racti
sacont
ractofdi
l
igenceoracont
ractofr
esul
t
C.Theot
hercont
ract
ingpar
tydi
esorbecomesi
nsol
ventbef
oret
heduedat
e
oft
hecont
ract

17
 D.Ther
eisanunduedel
ayoft
heper
for
manceoft
hecont
ractf
orwhat
ever
r
eason
E.Theot
herpar
tyf
ail
stodi
schar
gehi
sobl
i
gat
ionaf
teradef
aul
tnot
ice
60.
Whi
ch one of t
he f
oll
owi
ng si
tuat
ionsal
way
s excl
udesent
it
lement f
or

6
g
i
a
c1
2
n
a
n
mo
r.Wh
.d
v
o
u
di
o
u
sl
n
po
v
e
ti
f
gt
e
dt
bf
di
e
ie
f
c
h
rh
c
u
p
e
nt
oe
l
e
ts
me
o
d
h
he
w
p
e
ae
h
i
r
l
ma
sn
e
i
on
v
ao
c
gr
i
l
d
v
ee
.a
d
nt
compensat
iont
othepl
aint
if
fundert
heEt
hiopi
anExt
ra-
cont
ract
ual
Liabi
l
ityLaw?
A.Wher
ether
ear
eagr
oupofpeopl
einv
olv
edi
nthei
nci
dentandi
tbecomes
di
ff
icul
twhoamongt
hosei
nvol
vedcausedt
hedamage.
B.Whent
heexactmonet
aryamountoft
hedamagei
sdi
ff
icul
ttoassess,
t
houghi
tissur
ethatdamageoccur
s
C.Wheni
tisuncer
tai
nast
owhet
herornotf
utur
edamagewi
l
loccur
D.Whent
heactoft
hedef
endantwhi
chcausedt
hedamagei
snoti
ntent
ional
E.Whent
hedef
endanti
sment
all
yunst
abl
eper
son
61.
Whi
choneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngst
atement
siscor
rect
?
A.Thet
rut
hful
nessofadef
endant
’sst
atementmaynoti
nanycasesav
ehi
m
f
rom l
i
abi
l
ityf
ordef
amat
ioni
ntheEt
hiopi
anl
aw
B.Theexi
stenceorot
her
wiseofi
ntent
ion,accor
dingt
otheEt
hiopi
anl
aw,i
s
nott
otal
l
yir
rel
evantt
odeci
dewhet
herornott
hedef
endanti
satf
aul
t
C.Apar
tfr
om t
hei
ssueoff
aul
t,t
heabsenceofi
ntent
ionont
hedef
endant
’s
par
tmaynev
erbet
akeni
ntoconsi
der
ati
oni
nhi
sfav
our
D.A&B
E.B&C
62.
Whi
choneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngst
atementi
sincor
rect
?
A.I
mpossi
bil
i
tyi
ntheassessmentoft
heexactamountofdamage,
accor
ding
t
otheEt
hiopi
anext
racont
ract
uall
i
abi
l
ityl
aw,r
eli
evest
hedef
endantf
rom
t
heobl
i
gat
iont
ocompensat
ethev
ict
im
B.Remedi
esi
ntheext
racont
ract
uall
i
abi
l
ityl
aw ofEt
hiopi
aar
esomet
imes
av
ail
abl
e when def
endant
’sf
aul
tispr
oved r
egar
dlessofan act
ualor
per
cei
vedmat
eri
aldamageoccur
stot
hepl
aint
if
f’
sint
erest
C.Thescopeofpr
otect
ionofext
racont
ract
uall
i
abi
l
ityl
aw cov
ersi
nter
est
s
whi
char
eonl
yindi
vi
duali
nnat
ure;i
thasnot
hingt
odowi
thi
nter
est
s
shar
edi
ngr
oup.

18
 D.A&B
E.A&C
63.
Whi
choneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngst
atement
siscor
rect
?
A.Thought
heexi
stenceofdamagei
sagener
alandi
mpor
tantel
ementoft
he
ext
ra-
cont
ract
uall
i
abi
l
ityl
aw ofEt
hiopi
a,notal
lty
pesofdamagesar
e
compensabl
e
B.Anempl
oyeri
nEt
hiopi
aisal
way
sfr
eef
rom v
icar
iousl
i
abi
l
itywher
eoneof
hi
sempl
oyeescausedamaget
oanot
herper
soni
nadi
ff
erentpl
aceand
t
imet
hant
hewor
keri
snor
mal
l
yempl
oyed
C.Undert
he Et
hiopi
an ext
ra cont
ract
uall
i
abi
l
ityl
aw,t
he f
actt
hati
tis
i
mpossi
blet
opr
ovet
hef
aul
toft
hedef
endantexempt
shi
mfr
om st
ri
ct
l
i
abi
l
ity
D.A&B
E.A&C
64.
MrGi
rmaagr
eedt
opayMel
es,
hisson,
8000bi
rri
fthel
att
erscor
es4.
00poi
ntsi
n
Nat
ionalExami
nat
ion.Anagr
eementbet
weenMr
.Gi
rmaandhi
ssoni
snota
cont
ractbecause_
___
___
__.
A.f
atherandasoncannotent
eri
ntocont
ract
B.Theagr
eementcr
eat
eduni
l
ater
alobl
i
gat
ion
C.Mr
.Gi
rmahadnoi
ntent
iont
obebound
D.Mel
eshadnoobl
i
gat
ionundert
heagr
eement
65.
Incasesofnon-
per
for
manceofacont
ract
,acr
edi
tormaycl
aim_
___
___
_.
A.For
cedper
for
mancei
naddi
ti
ont
ocancel
l
ati
on
B.I
nval
i
dat
ioni
naddi
ti
ont
ospeci
fi
cper
for
mance
C.Compensat
ioni
naddi
ti
ont
ocancel
l
ati
on
D.Cancel
l
ati
oni
naddi
ti
ont
oinv
ali
dat
ion
66.
In whi
ch one oft
he f
oll
owi
ng st
atement
s a mi
stake i
s nota gr
ound f
or
i
nval
i
dat
ionofacont
ract
?
A.Apar
tydonat
edherhouset
hinki
ngt
hatshewassel
l
ingi
t.
B.Apar
tysol
dahouset
hinki
ngt
hatshesi
gnedcont
ractofl
ease.
C.Apar
tydonat
edherhouset
oMr
.Yt
hinki
ngt
hatshewasdonat
ingt
oMr
.X

19
 D.Apar
tyboughtani
tem f
rom Mr
.M t
hinki
ngt
hatshewasbuy
ingf
rom Mr
.N
67.
Niney
ear
sago,
MrNl
entMrD23000bi
rr
.Whi
choneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngagr
eement
i
nter
rupt
stheper
iodofl
i
mit
ati
on?
A.Anagr
eementt
hatMrZpay
sthel
oani
fMrDf
ail
s
B.Anagr
eementt
hatMrDsel
l
sahousemor
tgagedf
ort
hel
oant
oMrC
C.Anagr
eementt
hatMrNsel
l
shi
scart
oMrDat23000bi
rr
D.Anagr
eementt
hatMrDsel
l
shi
shouset
oMrN
68.
MrAhasunder
takent
odel
i
verei
therahouseoracart
oMrBf
orapr
iceof170,
000
bi
rr
.Ift
hehousei
stot
all
ydest
roy
edbyf
loodaf
tert
heconcl
usi
onoft
hecont
ract
,
t
hen_
_
A.MrAwi
l
lber
eli
evedf
rom pay
ingdamagesasf
loodi
saf
orcemaj
eur
e
B.MrBcancancelt
hecont
ractast
heobl
i
gat
iont
odel
i
verahousebecame
i
mpossi
ble
C.MrA woul
dnotber
eli
evedofpay
ingdamagesi
fhef
ail
stoper
for
mthe
cont
ract
D.Anypar
tycancl
aimi
nval
i
dat
ionoft
hecont
ractasi
tsobj
ecti
simpossi
ble
69.
Inwhi
choneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngacr
edi
torcancl
aimf
orcedper
for
mance?
A.Anagr
eementt
owr
it
eabook
B.Anagr
eementt
owor
kasanaccount
ant
C.Anagr
eementt
odel
i
verat
hing
D.Anagr
eementt
oteachi
nacol
l
ege
70.
Whi
choneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngmer
gerext
ingui
shest
heobl
i
gat
ionofsur
ety
shi
p?
A.Mer
geroft
hedebt
orandcr
edi
tor
B.Mer
geroft
hecr
edi
torandsur
ety
C.Mer
gerofdebt
orandsur
ety
D.Al
loft
heabov
e
71.
Whi
ch oft
he f
oll
owi
ng i
s nota pr
inci
ple gov
erni
ng t
he hol
ding ofr
ight
s of
per
sonal
i
tybyphy
sical
per
sons?
A.Al
lper
sonsar
eabsol
utel
yequal
inr
espectoft
hehol
dingofr
ight
sanddut
ies
B.Ri
ght
sofper
sonal
i
tycannotbet
heobj
ectofl
egal
transact
ion
C.I
ndi
vi
dual
sar
enotf
reet
orenouncer
ight
sofper
sonal
i
ty

20
 D.Al
l
E.None
72.
Undert
heEt
hiopi
anl
awofcont
ract
s,assi
gnmentofobl
i
gat
oryr
ight
s__
___
___
_
A.I
sthesameasst
ipul
ati
onofabenef
ici
aryi
nal
lrespect
s.
B.Maybemadegr
atui
tousl
yinwhi
chcaset
heassi
gnori
snotobl
i
gedt
o
guar
ant
eet
heexi
stenceoft
her
ight
.
C.Canbemadef
orconsi
der
ati
ont
hought
heassi
gnori
snotr
equi
red t
o
guar
ant
eet
heexi
stenceoft
her
ightatt
het
imeoft
heassi
gnment
.
D.I
snotpossi
bleasi
tvi
olat
est
hepr
inci
pleofpr
ivi
tyofcont
ractwhi
chi
sthe
nucl
eusoft
heEt
hiopi
anl
awofcont
ract
.
E.I
s made bef
oret
he concl
usi
on oft
he cont
ractt
o be assi
gned t
othe
benef
ici
ary
.
76.Whi
choneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngst
atement
siscor
rect
?
A.Thet
rut
hful
nessofadef
endant
’sst
atementmaynoti
nanycasesav
ehi
m
f
rom l
i
abi
l
ityf
ordef
amat
ioni
ntheEt
hiopi
anl
aw
B.Theexi
stenceorot
her
wiseofi
ntent
ion,accor
dingt
otheEt
hiopi
anl
aw,i
s
nott
otal
l
yir
rel
evantt
odeci
dewhet
herornott
hedef
endanti
satf
aul
t
C.Apar
tfr
om t
hei
ssueoff
aul
t,t
heabsenceofi
ntent
ionont
hedef
endant
’s
par
tmaynev
erbet
akeni
ntoconsi
der
ati
oni
nhi
sfav
our
D.A&B
E.B&C
77.Whi
choneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sdi
ff
erentf
rom ot
her
s?
A.Nov
ati
on
B.Ter
minat
ion
C.Var
iat
ion
D.Set–of
f
E.Mer
ger
78.Whi
choneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngal
ter
nat
ivesr
epr
esent
sdef
enseav
ail
abl
etot
he
def
endantundert
heEt
hiopi
anext
racont
ract
ual
li
abi
l
ityl
aw?
A.I
nsani
ty
B.Age

21
 C.I
ll
i
ter
acy
D.Pl
aint
if
fsf
aul
t
E.I
gnor
anceofl
aw
79.Whi
choneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sdi
ff
erentf
rom t
her
est
?
A.Machi
ner
y
B.Taper
ecor
der
C.Ai
rcr
aft
D.Mot
orv
ehi
cl
es
E.Shi
ps
80.Assumet
hatA AND Bbor
rowedmoneyf
rom C i
nnonecont
ract
.Whent
he
cont
ractwasdue,nei
theroft
hem pai
danyamountofmoneyt
othecr
edi
tor
.In
t
hiscaset
hecr
edi
tor
:
A.Canbr
ingsui
tsagai
nstbor
rower
swi
thoutgi
vi
nganydef
aul
tnot
icesi
nce
not
icei
snotnecessar
yint
hecaseofpl
ural
i
tyofdebt
ors
B.Canbr
ingsui
tagai
nstAf
ort
hewhol
eamountofmoneybyput
ti
ngi
ndef
aul
t
onl
yB
C.Cancancelt
hecont
ractuni
l
ater
all
ywi
thoutgi
vi
nganydef
aul
tnot
icet
o
ei
theroft
hebor
rower
s
D.I
scompel
l
edt
osueanyoft
hedebt
orsl
i
mit
inghi
scl
aimt
otheshar
eoft
he
def
endant
E.I
sobl
i
gedt
oputbot
hbor
rower
sindef
aul
tbyadef
aul
tnot
icebef
orehe
br
ingssueagai
nstanyoneoft
hem
81.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
scor
rectr
egar
dingt
ransf
erofowner
shi
pofi
mmov
abl
e
t
hingst
hroughcont
ractofsal
einEt
hiopi
a?
A.Thecont
ractwi
l
lnothav
eanyef
fectunl
essent
eredi
nwr
it
ing,at
test
edby
wi
tnesses,
aut
hent
icat
edbynot
ary
,andr
egi
ster
ed
B.Thecont
ractwi
l
lbebi
ndi
ngbet
weent
hecont
ract
ingpar
ti
esasl
ongasi
tis
wr
it
ten(
andsi
gnedbypar
ti
es)
C.Thecont
ractwi
l
lhav
eabi
ndi
ngef
fectbet
weenpar
ti
esonl
ywheni
tis
ent
eredi
nwr
it
ingandaut
hent
icat
ed
D.An ownerwho has ent
ered i
nto a wr
it
ten cont
ract(
whi
ch i
s al
so

22
 aut
hent
icat
ed)t
otr
ansf
ert
it
let
oonepar
tycanent
eri
ntov
ali
dcont
ractof
sal
ewi
thsecondpar
tyov
ersamei
mmov
abl
eandt
ransf
erv
ali
dti
tl
eto
suchpar
ty
E.C&D
82.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngst
atement
siscor
rectamongt
hegi
venal
ter
nat
ives?
A.Thef
actt
hataper
soni
slegal
l
ydecl
aredl
i
abl
efort
heactoft
het
ort
feasor
,
accor
dingt
otheEt
hiopi
anl
aw,i
snotabarf
orapl
aint
if
ftohav
eacl
aim
agai
nstt
hedoeroft
heact
B.TheEt
hiopi
anLawofst
ri
ctl
i
abi
l
ityal
way
spr
ovi
dessur
renderopt
ions
C.Thi
rdpar
tycr
edi
tor
s,underEt
hiopi
anl
aw,
maycl
aim compensat
ionf
rom a
t
ort
feasorasl
egalr
epr
esent
ati
vesoft
hev
ict
imi
rr
espect
iveoft
henat
ure
oft
hedamaget
hepl
aint
if
fsuf
fer
s
D.A&B
E.A&C
83.Whi
choneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngst
atement
sisnott
rueaboutsubr
ogat
ionundert
he
Et
hiopi
anLawofCont
ract
s?
A.I
tisexact
lyt
hesameast
hepr
inci
pleofi
ndemni
tyi
nal
lci
rcumst
ances
B.I
tiscr
eat
edbyt
heagr
eement
soft
hecont
ract
ingpar
ti
esbot
hint
hecase
ofsur
etyandpl
ural
i
tyofdebt
ors
C.I
tisappl
i
cabl
ebyv
irt
ueoft
hel
aw
D.I
tiscr
eat
edbyj
udi
cial
deci
sioni
nthecaseofsur
ety
E.Al
l
84.Whi
choneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngst
atement
sisi
ncor
rectamongt
hegi
venal
ter
nat
ives?
A.Damagei
sanecessar
yandsuf
fi
cientcondi
ti
ont
ohol
daper
pet
rat
orl
i
abl
e
undert
heEt
hiopi
ant
ortl
aw
B.Uncer
tai
ntyast
otheexactamountofdamagecausedi
sadef
ensef
ora
per
pet
rat
ort
oescapel
i
abi
l
ityundert
heEt
hiopi
ant
ortl
aw
C.Causat
ioni
sagener
alpr
econdi
ti
onf
orst
ri
ctl
i
abi
l
ityf
ordamageundert
he
Et
hiopi
ant
ortl
aw
D.Aand
E.Al
l

23
85.Acont
ractdul
ycr
eat
edbyt
hecont
ract
ingpar
ti
es:
A.Mayest
abl
i
sht
hev
alueofexchange
B.Def
inest
her
espect
iver
ight
sandobl
i
gat
ionsoft
hecont
ract
ingpar
ti
es
C.Enabl
est
hecont
ract
ingpar
ti
est
oal
l
ocat
eri
sksi
nadv
anceasbet
ween
t
hemsel
ves
D.Al
l
E.AandB
86.Whi
ch oneoft
hef
oll
owi
ng st
atement
sisnott
rueaboutj
ointand sev
eral
l
i
abi
l
iti
esofco-
debt
orsundert
he1960Ci
vi
lCodeofEt
hiopi
a?
A.Oneoft
heco-
debt
orscannotv
ali
dlyr
efuseper
for
manceoft
hecont
ract
t
hought
hecr
edi
torhast
hel
i
ber
tyt
opr
oceedagai
nstt
heco-
debt
ors
B.Thecr
edi
tordoeshav
ether
ightt
ocl
aimt
hewhol
edebtf
rom oneoft
heco
-
debt
orsi
rr
espect
iveoft
heamountofshar
eoft
hecodebt
ors
C.I
ftheconsentofanyoft
heco-
debt
orswasv
iti
atedbyanyv
iceofconsent
dur
ingt
hef
ormat
ionoft
hecont
ract
,anyoft
heco-
debt
orscanr
aisesuch
def
enseagai
nstt
hecr
edi
tor
D.Al
ltheco-
debt
orsshal
lassumeequalobl
i
gat
ionst
owar
dst
hecr
edi
tor
wher
etheyf
ailt
odet
ermi
net
hei
rrespect
iveshar
esofobl
i
gat
ionsi
nthe
cont
ract
E.AandC
87.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngconcept
sisunr
elat
edt
oEt
hiopi
ant
ortl
aw?
A.Rest
it
uti
on
B.I
njunct
ion
C.Enf
orcementofpar
ti
es'
commi
tment
D.Compensat
ion
E.None
88.Undert
heEt
hiopi
ancont
ractl
aw,
acont
ractmaybei
nval
i
dat
edwher
e
A.Theobj
ectoft
hecont
racti
snotsuf
fi
cient
lydef
ined
B.Thecont
ract
ingpar
ti
esar
ebel
ow20y
ear
sofage
C.Thecont
ract
ingpar
ti
esf
ail
stoper
for
mthecont
racti
naccor
dancewi
tht
he
t
ermsorcondi
ti
onsoft
hecont
ract

24
 D.Oneoft
hecont
ract
ingpar
ti
esbecomesi
ncapabl
eaf
tert
he f
ormat
ionof
t
hecont
ract
E.Oneoft
hecont
ract
ingpar
ti
esdi
esaf
tert
hef
ormat
ionoft
hecont
ract
89.Oneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngper
sonscannotbebot
htheagentofat
raderandat
rader
i
tsel
fatt
hesamet
ime
A.Commer
cial
manager
B.Commer
cial
agent
C.Commer
cial
broker
D.Commi
ssi
onagent
E.Br
oker
90.Ashar
ehol
der
sgener
almeet
ingcannotbechai
redby
A.Di
rect
orsoft
hecompany
B.Audi
tor
soft
hecompany
C.Thechai
rmanoft
heboar
dofdi
rect
ors
D.Secr
etar
yoft
hecompany
E.Anof
fi
ceroft
hecour
twhocal
l
sthemeet
ing
91.Whi
choneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngst
atement
sist
rueaboutobl
i
gat
ionsi
ngener
al?
A.Thesour
ceofev
eryobl
i
gat
ioni
sthel
awev
ery
wher
eint
hewor
ld
B.Thesour
ceofanobl
i
gat
ioni
sacont
ractev
ery
wher
eint
hewor
ld
C.I
ncont
ract
ualobl
i
gat
ions,ent
ryi
ntoobl
i
gat
ioni
sconsensualwhi
l
elegal
obl
i
gat
ionsmaybeassumedagai
nstt
hewi
l
loft
heobl
i
gor
D.Legalobl
i
gat
ionsar
eimposedonl
yonl
egalper
sonswhi
l
econt
ract
ual
obl
i
gat
ionsmaybeassumedbot
hbyl
egal
per
sonsandphy
sical
per
sons
E.Obl
i
gat
ionscannoti
nanycasebeext
ingui
shedoncet
heyar
ecr
eat
edi
n
accor
dancewi
tht
her
equi
rement
soft
hel
aw
92.I
ncaseofdoubt
,acont
racti
sexpect
edt
obei
nter
pret
edagai
nstt
hepar
tywho
st
ipul
atesanobl
i
gat
ionandi
nfav
oroft
hedebt
ori
nthecaseof
:
A.Al
lcommut
ati
vecont
ract
s
B.Adhesi
vecont
ract
s
C.Al
eat
orycont
ract
s
D.Sy
nal
l
agmat
iccont
ract
s

25
 E.Condi
ti
onal
cont
ract
s
93.I
ncont
ract
ualr
elat
ions,
goodf
ait
hoft
hecont
ract
ingpar
ti
esshoul
dbeser
iousl
y
consi
der
edbyacour
tofl
aw oranar
bit
ralt
ri
bunali
nrel
ati
ont
ooneoft
he
f
oll
owi
ngexcept
:
A.Thef
ulf
il
lmentofacondi
ti
onal
cont
ract
B.I
nter
pret
ati
onofcont
ract
s
C.Cancel
l
ati
onofcont
ract
s
D.Nov
ati
onofacont
ract
E.Var
iat
ionofcont
ract
s
94.Whi
ch oft
hef
oll
owi
ng st
atement
sist
rueaboutpr
ivat
eli
mit
ed compani
es
(
PLCs)
?
A.I
nEt
hiopi
aPLCscanbeusedt
ounder
takeanybusi
nessact
ivi
ty
B.I
n Et
hiopi
a PLCs exhi
bitt
he char
act
eri
sti
cs ofshar
e compani
es and
par
tner
shi
ps
C.Thel
awr
egul
ati
ngPLCsi
sunnecessar
il
ydet
ail
edandcompl
i
cat
ed
D.Ther
eis no separ
atel
aw r
egul
ati
ng PLCs,and t
he l
aw i
s scat
ter
ed
ev
ery
wher
e
E.PLCsar
enon-
li
abi
l
ityl
i
mit
edpar
tner
shi
psi
ncompanyf
orm
95.Whi
choneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngcannotbeembr
acedbyt
heexpr
essi
on"
viceof
consent
"undert
heEt
hiopi
anLawofCont
ract
s?
A.Mi
stake
B.Fr
aud
C.Dur
ess
D.Fal
sest
atement
E.I
mmor
ali
tyofobj
ectofcont
ract
96.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngst
atement
siscor
rectamongt
hegi
venal
ter
nat
ives?
A.Aper
son,whosuf
fer
sfr
om damageduet
oat
raf
fi
cacci
dent
,andwhoi
s
ent
it
ledt
ocompensat
ion,wi
l
lal
way
shav
eacauseofact
ioni
ntor
tunder
t
heEt
hiopi
anl
aw
B.Equi
tydoesnotpl
ayanyr
olei
ntheassessmentofcompensat
ionundert
he
Et
hiopi
anext
ra-
cont
ract
ual
li
abi
l
ityl
aw

26
 C.Uncer
tai
ntyast
otheexi
stenceofdamagei
sadef
ensef
oraper
pet
rat
ort
o
escapel
i
abi
l
ityundert
heEt
hiopi
ant
ortl
aw
D.Fora st
atementt
o be def
amat
ory
,iti
s necessar
ythati
thas t
o be
br
oadcast
edonel
ect
roni
cmedi
a
E.A per
sonwhocausesdamaget
othecl
aimanti
sal
way
srel
i
evedf
rom
l
i
abi
l
ityi
ftheacti
sor
der
edbyhi
ssuper
ior
97.Oneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
snotav
ali
dgr
oundofdi
ssol
uti
onofcompani
es:
A.Expi
ryoft
heper
iodf
orwhi
cht
hecompanyi
sest
abl
i
shed
B.Pr
ohi
bit
ionbyl
aw oft
hebusi
nessact
ivi
ti
esf
orwhi
cht
hecompany
),i
s
est
abl
i
shed
C.Deat
hofbot
hshar
ehol
der
sinat
womemberpr
ivat
eli
mit
edcompany
D.Lossofal
lthecapi
tal
oft
hecompany
E.I
nst
it
uti
onofbankr
upt
cypr
oceedi
ngsagai
nstt
hecompany
98.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngst
atement
siscor
rectamongt
hegi
venal
ter
nat
ives?
A.Aper
son,whosuf
fer
sfr
om damageduet
oat
raf
fi
cacci
dent
,andwhoi
s
ent
it
ledt
ocompensat
ion,wi
l
lal
way
shav
eacauseofact
ioni
ntor
tunder
t
heEt
hiopi
anl
aw.
B.Equi
tydoesnotpl
ayanyr
olei
ntheassessmentofcompensat
ionundert
he
Et
hiopi
anext
ra-
cont
ract
ual
li
abi
l
ityl
aw
C.Uncer
tai
ntyast
otheexi
stenceofdamagei
sadef
ensef
oraper
pet
rat
ort
o
escapel
i
abi
l
ityundert
heEt
hiopi
ant
ortl
aw
D.Fora st
atementt
o be def
amat
ory
,iti
s necessar
ythati
thas t
o be
br
oadcast
edonel
ect
roni
cmedi
a
E.A per
sonwhocausesdamaget
othecl
aimanti
sal
way
srel
i
evedf
rom
l
i
abi
l
ityi
ftheacti
sor
der
edbyhi
ssuper
ior
99.I
fcompensat
ioni
sassoci
atedwi
thnon-
per
for
manceofcont
racti
nval
i
dat
ioni
s
associ
atedwi
th:
A.Ter
minat
ionofacont
ract
B.Def
ecti
nthef
ormat
ionofacont
ract
C.Pr
ivi
tyofcont
ract
D.Non-
ret
roact
ivi
tyofcont
ract

27
 E.Nov
ati
onofcont
ract
100. Whi
choneoft
hef
oll
owi
ngcannotbeembr
acedbyt
heexpr
essi
on"
viceof
consent
"undert
heEt
hiopi
anLawofCont
ract
s?
A.Mi
stake
B.Fr
aud
C.Dur
ess
D.Fal
sest
atement
E.I
mmor
ali
tyofobj
ectofcont
ract

mo
a
o
Wh
d
t
i
E
me
p
s
n
hs
a
e
c
.
t
es
Wh
c
f
r
ma
e
n
s
eu
e
n
d
o
t
n
er
s
t
a
e
g
d
e
nt
i
s
ma
t
o
l
ant
l
.
e
a
h
,
t
y
n
rh
t
n
e
y
i
a
hu
a
s
t
g
h
e
a
l
on
t
.
e
w
d
x
c
mo
u
s
d
i
a
t
h
dg
t
f
a
s
a
c
f
io
e
hi
c
ma
i
u
t
b
nf
c
hc
e
no
l
u
t
e
n
t
ht
l
g
t
de
a
o
e
t
au
f
on
s
th
t
ee
i
d
s

h
A
B
C
t
D
E
he
.
emo
t
r
b
h
el
e
a
e
li
d
w
g
ra
d
l
r
F
a
io
g
e
l
.
wc
r
u
o
ek
i
s
b
s
T
el
o
i
e
me
ho
g
f
d
en
a
i
ec
t
b
n
o
v
it
o
e
t
e
fn
d
o
r
ty
h
r
f
oe
c
tc
h
o
gk
e
n
oo
t
pv
r
f
a
ee
rc
t
n
vt
i
u
me
ea
s
ry
ln
o
ct
b
ol
n
ig
t
ra
at
c
io
tu
na
il
so
__
b
_l
i
_g
_a
_t
_
i_
o
_n
__
is
__
___
__
._
___
___
___
_.

T.
A
B
C
D
Ehmo
t
e
r
h
eb
e
li
e
g
ra
d
l
d
a
io
g
e
l
r
wr
u
o
c
ei
s
b
c
s
ek
l
i
e
me
o
g
d
on
a
i
fc
t
n
o
e
it
o
t
f
vn
o
e
th
f
ry
e
th
c
ge
o
on
p
vt
a
e
rr
a
t
nc
i
me
et
s
uan
lt
obl
i
gat
ioni
s__
___
___
___
___
___
.

28