GLOBALCULTUREANDTOURI

SM
GEOGRAPHY

I
nst
ruct
or/
s:AUDI
TTEV.SOL

Cour
seTi
tl
e:GLOBALCULTUREANDTOURI
SM GEOGRAPHY

Cour
seDescr
ipt
ion:Thi
scour
seshal
lhav
est
udent
sanal
yseandf
ami
l
iar
izet
hemsel
veswi
th
speci
fi
cwor
ldt
rav
eldest
inat
ions,wi
themphasi
sont
heexpl
orat
ionofgeogr
aphi
cfeat
ures,
cust
omsandt
radi
ti
ons,
popul
ati
oncent
ers,
visi
torat
tract
ions,
pol
i
tical
,rel
i
gious,
languageand
ot
hercul
tur
aldi
ff
erencesast
heser
elat
etot
hehospi
tal
i
tyandt
rav
eli
ndust
ry.St
udent
swi
l
l
dev
elopunder
standi
ngaswel
lassenseofr
esponsi
venessf
orcul
tur
alv
aluesandt
radi
ti
ons
t
hatexi
stbey
ond t
hei
rowncul
tur
e.St
udent
swi
l
lbeabl
etoi
dent
if
yint
ernat
ionalt
rav
el
pat
ter
nsbyl
ocat
ingv
ari
ousmaj
orci
ti
es,nat
uralwonder
s,hi
stor
icsi
tes,andot
hert
our
ism
at
tract
ions,bot
hmanmadeandnat
uralf
ocusi
ngaswel
lwi
tht
hemaj
ort
rav
el-
gener
ati
ngand
t
rav
el-
recei
vi
ngar
eas.

Cr
edi
thour
s:3hour
s

Pr
e-Requi
sit
e: No

Modul
e13
Uni
tI.OCEANI
AANDANTARCTI
CA

I
.LEARNI
NGOUTCOMES:
Att
heendoft
hemodul
e,t
hest
udentcan:
1.i
dent
if
ythemaj
ori
slandscompr
isi
ngt
heset
wocount
ri
es,
Aust
ral
i
aandNew
 Zeal
and;
2.Nameal l t
hegr oupi sl
andsorstatesthatbelongundertheregionsofMel anesia,
Poly
nesia, andMi cronesia
3.Dist
inguishthesi milar
iti
esanddiffer
encesoft hecul
tur
ef oundint heAustral
ia,
NewZeal and, andthecount r
iesintheregionsofMelanesia,Polynesi
a,and
Micronesia;
4.Descri
bet hetour i
sticappealoftheAustrali
a;NewZealand,andt hecountri
esunder
thethreePacificgeogr aphi
cregi
ons

I
I.PRETEST:

Dot
hisact
ivi
tyonasepar
atesheetofpaper
.
1.Wr
it
ethef
amoust
our
istat
tract
ioni
neachcount
ry(
atl
east2f
oreachcount
ry)

I
II
.CONTENT
Oceani ai sar egionconsi sti
ngoft hei slandcount ri
essi tuatedt hroughoutmostoft hePacificOcean.It
i
ncludest hecont inentofAust r
alia,NewZeal andandt hePaci fi
ci slandr egionssuchasMel anesia,
Micronesi a, andPol ynesia.Oceani ai sanar chi pelagicr egion.Thi spar t
iculargeogr aphical
charact eristicisf oundat i
onoft heseaf aringcul tureodi sl
ander sint hePaci fic.Despi tethis
geogr aphi cal character i
sticanddi ff
er encesi ncul ture,thecount r
iesoft hisr egionar eablewor k
togethert ocel ebrateauni fyingev entt hatai mst or ev i
veandpr eser vethecul t
ur eandt radi
tionalar
tsof
thePaci fi
c, andbui ldawar enessoft her i
chnessofcul tureoft hePaci fi
c–TheFest i
valofPaci f
icArts
andCul ture( FESTPAC) .Thishugecel ebrat ioni sheldev eryfoury ear si
nadi fferentst ateinThePaci f
ic
Region.
Inthi schapt er,thesmal lestoft hesev enwor ld’
scont i
nent s,Aust r
alia,toget herwithits
neighbor ingcount r
y,NewZeal and; thePaci ficr egionsofMel anesi a,Pol ynesia, andMi cronesia;aswell
asAnt arcticawi llbepr esent ed.Nat ional f actst hatar ei mpor tantt ot het othev i
sit
or softhecount r
y
andt our i
sm pr ofessional slikecapi t
al ,i
nt ernat i
onal gat eway s, national fl
agcar rier
,andt ouri
st
attr
act ions9nat ural,historical,andcul t
ural )oract iviti
est hatcr eat eadi stincttour i
st i
cappeal that
mot i
vat eandencour agev i
sitorstoexpl oret hedest inationwi llbegi venimpor tance.

Countri
es–14count ri
es
l
argestcountry–Austral
ia
Smal l
estcountry–Nauru
BiggestIsl
and–Aust r
ali
a
LongestRiver–Mur r
ayRiver
,Austral
ia
HighestMount ain–MountWilhel
m, PapuaNewGui
nea

AUSTRALI
A

1.AUSTRALI A
Isthesmal l
estcont i
nentinthewor l
d.Howev er
,iti
sthesixthbiggestcountryi
nthewor l
daf ter
Brazi
l,theUSA, China, Canada,andRussiaandt heonlycountr
ybor deredbywat er
.Thenameor i
ginated
fr
om t heLat i
nwor d“Australi
s”,meaning“Souther
nLand” .I
tconsistsoftwoislands:(
1)mainland
Australi
a,wher ethecapi t
alofthecountryli
es,and(2)thestat
eislandTasmani a.Iti
sadministr
ati
v ely
di
v i
dedi ntosixst atesandt wot er
ri
tori
es:
 NewSout hWal es -Sydney
 Queensl and -Bri
sbane
 Sout hAust r
alia -Adelai
da
 Tasmani a -Hobart
 Vi ctori
a -Melbourne
 West ernAust rali
a -Pert
h
TwoTer ri
tori
esandt heircapit
al
 Aust r
ali
aCapi talTerri
tory -Canberra
  Nor
ther
nTer
ri
tor
y -Dar
win

Otherext er nal Aust rali

ant erri
tori
esi ncludeAshmor eandCar ti
erI slands, Aust ral
ianAnt ar
ctic
Territory,ChristmasI sland, CocosI slands, Cor al SeaI sl
ands, Hear dandMcDonal dI slands, andNor f
olk
Isl
and.
Australiaisacul turall
ydi versenation, Abor i
ginesandTor r
esSt raitIslander s,orot herwise
knownast hef irstAust ralians,aret heindigenouspeopl eoft henat i
onbef orei twascol onizedbyt he
Brit
ish.TheTor resSt raitIslandersr efertopeopl ewhodwel ledont hei slandsamongAust r
ali
aand
PapuaNewGui nea.TheAbor i
ginalpeopl ear ei nhabitantsoft hewhol eAust rali
a.heyar eknownt obe
thef i
rstinhabi tant soft hecont inentt hatwassai dtohav ej our ney
edf rom t heAsi at oAust ral
iaaround
50,000t o60, 000y ear sago( htt
ps: /
/www. aust ral i
a.gov .
au).Oneoft hecul t
ural symbol sthatcanbe
associ atedwi tht hei ndi genouspeopl eisthe“ Boomer ang”.Thi stool haspl entyofuses; i
tcanbea
hunt i
ngoraf ight ingweapon.
Australiaisal sof amousf ori t
swi l
dlifeani malssuchasechi dna, dingo, kangar oo, koala,
platypus, Tasmani andev il
, wall
aby ,andwombat ,whichser v esasanent icingr easont ov isi
tthecount r
y
(Andr ew,n.d.)
.
Capi t
al –Canber r
a
Language–Engl i
sh
Currency–Aust ralianDol l
ar( AUD)
Religion–Chr i
stiani ty
Carrier–Qant asAi rway s( QF)
Maj orInternat i
onal Ai r
por ts–Adel aideAirpor t( ADL), Bri
sbaneAi rpor t(BNE) , CairnsAi rport(CNS) ;
Darwi nAi rport(DRW) , Melbour neAi rport(MEL) ,Per t
hAi rport( PER), SydneyAi rpor t(SYD)

1.SYDNEY,NEW SOUTHWALES
Beingthelar
gestci
tyofAustr
ali
a,thi
sspectacul
arcapi
tal
ofNewSouthWalescapi
tal
ist
he
hometothewell-
knownarchi
tect
uralworkofartandaUNESCOWor ldHer
it
agesi
te,theSy
dneyOper
a
House.

2.BRI
SBANE,QUEENSLAND
Queensl andisthehomet otheGr
eatBar
ri
erReef
,thewor
ld’
sgr
eat
estcor
alr
eefanda
UNESCOWor l
dHer i
tagesite.Thecapit
aloft
hest
atei
sBri
sbane.
 Mt.Coot -
theBot ani
cGar dens
 Cit
yBot anicGardens
 QueenSt reetMal l
s
 QueenslandMar i
ti
meMuseum
 TheBrisbaneAr tsTheater

3.MELBOURNE, VICTORI A
Melbourneist hesecondlargeststatecapit
ali
nAustral
ia.I
tisknownf orhavingvar
ious
seasonsinaday .I
tof fer
sv ar
iet
yoftour i
statt
racti
onssuchaszoos, ar
tgall
eries,museum,and
archi
tect
uralst
ructuresnamel y:
 Wer ri
beeOpenRangeZoo
 Meol bourneZoo; offersnumer ousanimalsspeci
esthatcanbef oundint heworl
d
 Roy alBotanicGar densofVictori
a

4.ADELAI DE,SOUTHAUSTRALI A
Adelai
dei soneofUNESCOcr eat
iveci
tiesi
nAustral
i
arecogni
zedastheCi
tyofMusic,
Other
cit
iesincludedare: Ci
tyofLiterat
ure-
Melbourne;Ci
tyofFi
l
m –Sy dney
;Ci
tyofDesi
gn–Geelong;Ci
tyof
CraftandFol kArt–Bal lar
at;andCityofGastronomy–Bendigo
(ht
tps://www. adelai
defesti
valcent
re.
com.au).

5.HOBART, TASMANIA
Tasmaniai
sani sl
andstat
elocatedi
nthesoutheastcoastofthemainl
andAust
ral
ia.Thei
sland
i
sknownf orit
scarni
vorousmarsupi
al,t
heTasmaniandev i
l
.Hobartisthecapi
tal
andconsider
edt
obe
theseconddri
estcapi
talaf
terAdel
aide.

6.PERTH,
WESTERN AUSTRALI
A
 Perth,t
hecapitalofWester
nAustr
ali
a,hasplentyt
ooffert
oit
svisit
orsthatincl
udecul
tural
sit
es,archi
tectur
aledi
fices,
parksandgar
densli
keKi ngsPar
kandBotanicGarden,publi
cspacesand
art
slikeTheAr chandTheMobKangkar oosonTerrace,andstr
eetar
tsandmur als
(ht
tps:/
/www. pert
h.wa.gov.
au)
.

7.CANBERRA, AUSTRALIACAPITALTERRI TORY

Thisnation’
scapi
talof
fer
smaj ornati
onalat
tract
ionssuchast heNationalGal
l
eryofAustr
ali
a,
Questacon–TheNat i
onalSci
enceandTechnologyCentre,Parli
amentHouse, andNati
onalLi
brar
yof
Austr
ali
a, Nati
onalPar
ksandnaturereserv
esuchast heTidbinbil
laNatureReserv
eandNamadgi
Nati
onal Park,
andCanberraDist
ri
ctWineRegion(htt
ps;//vi
sit
canberr
a.com.au).

8.DARWI N, NORTHERNTERRI TORY

Uluru, orAy ersRock, isoneoft hemostsi gnifi
cantat tr
actionsoft henor t
hernt er
ri
tory.Also,one
shouldnotmi sstheUNESCO- inscr i
bedWor ldHer it
agesi tes–Ul uru-Kat aTijutaNat ionalParkand
KakaduNat ional par k.
Otherat t
ractionsar eLi tchfiledNat i
onal Par k,watarrkanat ional Park,Mar yRiverNationalPark,
Aboriginal FineAr t
sGal l
er y
,andPr ovenanceAr t
s( www. norther nterri
tory.com) .
Austr ali
ahasf ourseasons–summer ,autumn, winter ,andspr ing.Ev er yDecembert oFebr uary
i
ssummer ,themont hsf rom Mar cht oMayi sAut umn, Wintermont hsar ef r
om Junet oAugust ,and
spri
ngmont hsar eSept embert oNov ember .InNor thernTer rit
ory, t
herear eonl ywet( Novembert oApr i
l
)
anddr y( Mayt oOct ober)seasons.Toenj oyone’ sv acati
oni nAust ral
ia, i
tisnecessar ytobeawar eof
theweat herasi tvar i
esi nev eryst ateoft hecount r
y ;
li
keinMel bour ne,differentseasonscanbe
experiencedononeday .Despi tet hedifferencesi nweat her, i
tisimpor tantandadv isabletoputon
sunscr een, hat ,cover -
up, andsungl assest opr otectonesel ffrom t hehar mf ul eff
ectofUVr adiat
ion.
Dressingi nl ay ersandcar ryi
ngumbr el
l
acanal sobeusef ul (Tourism Aust r
alia,2020)

2.NEW ZEALAND
Isani slandnat ionf oundi nt heSout hPaci ficOcean, composi ngoft womaj orislands: TheNor th
Isl
andandSout hI sland“ Aotear a”i st hecount ry’
sMaor iname.Maor iaret heindi genouspeopl eofNew
Zeal and.Theyar eamongt hemai ngr oupofpeopl eoft hecount ryapar tf r
om t hei mmi grant sf rom the
Brit
ishI sles.NewZeal ander s(peopl eofNewZeal and)ar enicknamedas“ Kiwi”, whichwasal sot he
nameofabi rdspeci esendemi ci nt hecount ry.
Maor i, apar toft hePol y nesi anpeopl eofnewZeal and, identifyt hemsel vesbyt het ribe( Iwi)
,
subt ri
be( hapu) ,mount ai n(maunga) ,andr iv er(awa) .TeReoi st hel anguageofMaor i,whi chi s
consi der edast hecount ry’
sof fici allanguage, aswel lasNewZeal andSi gnLanguage, andEngl ish
(https:// www. tour ism. net .
nz/)
Maor i cust omst hatareessent ialtonot ear eManaaki tangaandKai t
iakitanga.Manaaki tanga
means“hospi t
ality” ;i
ti sagest ur eofshowi ngki ndnessandwar m wel comet oone’ sguest s.Thi s
i
nspi ringcul turesuppor tst oposi tivet ouristexper i
ence.Kai tiakit
angaper tai
nst oguar di anshi pand
protect ion.Iti saboutmanagi ngandpr otect ingt heenv i
ronment ,asi tisbel i
ev edt hatnat ureandpeopl e
arest rongl yconnect ed( https://t eara.gov t.nz) .
Wel l
ingt oni st hecapi t
al situatedi nt heNor thislandoft hecount r
y.Itisal soi dent i
fiedasNew
Zeal and’ scul inary ,film, andcof feecapi t
al.
Auckl andi sdubbedast he“ CityofSai l
s”( Atkinsonel .al.
,2016) .Itisthel argestci t
yofNew
Zeal andandi soneoft hemostsought -
afterdest inat i
onsoft ourists.Someoft hepl acesofi nterest
herei ncl udet heKel lyTar lt
on’sAnt arct i
cEncount erandUnder wat erWor ldandt heTheWai tomoCav es,
TePui a, andt heAgr odomei nAuckl and( Manci ni,2011)
Fil
ipinoci ti
enswhoi nt endt ov isi tNewZeal andar eel i
gibletoappl yf orNewZeal andEl ect ronicTr avel
Author i
zat i
onorNZeTA.Appl icant sneedt opr epar ethef ol
lowi ngdocument s:v ali
dpasspor t
,e-mai l
addr ess, andcol oredphot ograph( https://www. nz- t
raveli
ng.com) .
Capi tal–Wel lington
Curr ency–NewZeal andDol lar( NZD)
Languages–Engl ishandMaor i
Religion–Chr i
stiani ty
Carr i
er–Ai rNewZeal and( NZ)
Maj orI nternat i
onal Ai rpor t
s–Auckl andAi rpor t(AKL) ;Chr i
stchur chI nternational Airpor t(CHC) ;
Wel li
ngt onI nt ernat ional Airpor t( WLG) ;Queensl andI nternational Airpor t(ZQN) .

THEPACI
FIC
ThePaci f
icIsl
andsar egroupofislandslocat edinthePaci fi
cOcean.I tisdivi
dedintot hreesub- r
egions:
Mel anesia;Micronesia;andPol y
nesia.Mel anesia(blackIslands)isagr oupofislandslocat edi nthe
Sout h-westernpor t
ionoft hePacif
icextendi ngtotheAr afuraSea.Thepeopl eofMel anesiaor
Mel anesians,hav edisti
nguisheddarkski nandf r
izzyhair.Theirlanguagear ePapuanandAust r
onesian.
Micr onesia(smal li
slands)liesi
nthewest ernPacifi
cocean; i
tconsistsof607smal l
islands.I thasa
diversecul t
urethatcanbeobser vedinv arioustr
aditionsandcust omsofi t
speopl e(https:
/ /www. vi
sit
-
micr onesia.
fm).Pol ynesi
a( manyislands)i satri
angul ar
-shapedgr oupofislandsintheeastcent r
al
regionofOceani a.Therear enumberofl anguagesspokeni ntheregion,andpeoplecamef rom various
culturalbackgrounds.

1.MELANESI A
I
sar egioni
nthewest ernPacif
icOceant otheeastandsout hofNewGui neaIsland;it
snorthern
boundaryistheEquator
.Thear eaincl
udestheislandofNewGui nea;theBismarckArchipelago;f
our
i
ndependentcountri
es:Vanuatu,theSolomonIslands,Fij
i
,andPapuaNewGui nea;andt heFrench
dependencyofNewCal edoni
a, ManyIslandsofMel anesi
aarevolcani
coriginandbelongt othePacifi
c
RingofFir
e.

2.NEW GUI NEA

Isthesecondlargestisl
andint hewor ldafterGr eenland;t
heot herhal forthewester
npar t
belongst o.Thenati
on’scapitali
sPor tMor esbywher ethei nt
ernat
ional portofent r
yli
es,t
heJacksons
I
nt ernati
onalAir
port
,alsoknownasPor tMor esbyInternationalAir
port(POM) .Someoft heplacesof
i
nter estherei
ncludethePor tMoresbyNat ur
ePar k,Par l
iamentHouse, NationalMuseum andAr t
Gal l
ery,Ci
tyCraftMarkets,andNational Football
Sat dium.Engl i
shisthepr incipall
anguagewhi l
eTok
Pisin(Pidginl
anguage)iswi del
yspoken( htt
ps://
www. papuanewgui nea.travel).

3.VANUATU
Republ
icofVanuatawasf ormerl
yknownasNewHebr ides.I
tscapit
al,
PortVil
a,i
slocatedinthe
mainisl
andoft hecount
ry–I slandofEfate.I
tisthecountry’
smai ncommer ci
alandtouri
sm
desti
nati
on.Thebauerfi
eldI
nt ernat
ionalAi
rport(VLI
)isthecountry’
sgateway,whichal
soservesast he
hubofthenationalf
lagcarr
ier,theAirVanuatu(NF).TheplacestorelaxandenjoyinVanuat
uar eBlue
Cave,Et
onBeach, ChampagneBeach, andCrystalBl
ueLagoonBeacht onameaf ew.

4.SOLOMONI SLANDS
Isacountrycomposesofnear
ly1,
000isl
ands.Honiaraisit
scapi
tal.I
tof
fer
sacti
vi
ti
eslike
snorkel
li
nganddiving,
whichar
ejustsomeoftheacti
vit
iesthatcanbeenjoyedi
nthecount
ry.There
arealsolagoonst
oexplor
esuchasMar ovo,
MundaandRov iana.

5.FIJI
RepublicofFij
i i
sanarchipel
agicstat
eint heSouthPacif
ic.Vi
tiLevuandVanuaLev uarethe
twobiggestisl
andswher emostoftheFi j
i
ans(peopleofFij
i)l
iv
e.Englishisthei
roffi
ci all
anguagewhile
Fij
i
anorHi ndustaniarealsospoken.BoumaNat ionalHeri
tageParkanddi vi
ngsiteslikeEel Reefand
theGreatWhi t
eWal laresomeoft heplacestovisiti
nthecountry(ht
tps:/
/www. f
iji
.t
rav el
).
Fil
i
pinotouri
stscanv isi
tFij
iwit
houtav isa

6.NEW CALEDONI A
Frenchdependencyi sthehomet ot heLagoonsofNewCal edonia:ReefDiversityand
AssociatedEcosy st
ems, aUNESCOWor ldHer i
tagesi t
e.It
scapital
,Noumea, isknownf ori
ts
spectacularbays, suchasAnseVat a,BaiedesCi trons(for
mer l
ycalledAnseduSt y
x) ,
andPr omenade
Pierr
eVer nier
.Fr enchistheof fi
ciallanguagewhi leKanaki swidelyspoken
(htt
ps://www. newcal edonia.
travel)
.
Fi
lipi
not ourist
sarer equiredtoobt ainvisapriortothei
rvisi
ttoNewCal edonia.Thenecessary
document sarepasspor t,ori
ginalandphot ocopyofsuppor ti
ngdocument s,andphot osi nI
SO/IEC
format( t
wocopi es)(htt
ps://f
rance-v i
sas.gouv.fr
).

7.MOCRONESI A
Issi
tuatedinthewester
npartofPacif
icOcean.Thei
slandsofthi
sregi
oni
ncl
udetheFeder
ated
Stat
esofMi cronesi
a(FSM),Pal
au,t
heMar shall
Isl
ands,Mar
ianaIsl
ands,andt
heWester
nport
ionof
theKir
ibat
iarchipel
ago.
8.FEDERATEDSTATESOFMI CRONESI A(FSM)
Iscomposedofmor et han600smal lisl
ands.I ti
scomposedoff ourmainst ates:YapChuuk
State,
PohnpeiState,andKosr ae.Englishi
st heof f
iciall
anguage;howev
er,numer ousi ndigenous
l
anguagesar eal
sospoken( https:/
/www. .
visi
t -
mocr onesia.
fm).
Fil
ipi
notourist
sar erequiredtoobtainv i
sapr iort
ov i
sitt
otheter
rit
ory.Usefuldocument s
neededar et
hepasspor t,or
igi
nal andphotocopyofsuppor ti
ngdocuments,andphot osi nISO/IEC
format(twocopies)(htpps:
//france-v
isas.
gouv .fr
).

9.PALAU
Republ icofPal auisanar chi
pelagowithNger
ulmudasitscapital
.Itreplacedthepr evi
ous
capit
alcity,Koror .Theact i
v i
ti
est oenjoyinPalaui
ncl
udesnorkel
li
ng, bi
rdwat ching,kayaking,dr
ivi
ng,
andfishing.Thepl acesofi nterestsi
ncludeNgermeskangBir
dSanct uary,ChandelierCave, Bl
ueCorner,
andPal au’
sRockI slandsSout hernLagoon, aUNESCOWor l
dHer i
tagesite
(ht
tps:/
/ www. pristineparadisepalau.
com) .
Fili
pinot our ist
swhowantt ovisitPal
aucangetavi
saonar ri
val f
oramaxi mum st ayof30days.

10.MARSHALLI SLANDS
Republi
coft heMar shallIslandsisanislandcountr
yinthePacifi
cOceanwi t
hMaj uroasi t
s
capi
tal
.Maj ur
oservesast heaccesst ot
hecount rythr
oughtheMar shal
lIsl
andsinternational Ai
rpor
t
(MAJ).Itoff
ersnature-basedtour i
stattr
acti
onssuchasBi kiniAtol
l,
ArnoAtoll
,JaluitIsl
and, andRatak
Chain–achai nofislands.Mar shal l
eseandEngl i
sharethelanguagesofthepeoplel i
v i
ngint he
countr
yandUSdol l
arisitsmonet aryuni
t.
Fil
ipi
notouristscanobtainv i
saonarri
v alforamaximum stayof90day s.

11.KIRI
BATI
Republi
cofKi r
ibatii
sanar chipel
agot hatli
esi
nt heWest ern,East
ern,
Northern,andSouther n
Hemisphere.Tawaraist hecapital
.Languagesspokenar eI-
Kiri
batiandEngli
sh,whichisrecognizedas
i
tsoffi
ciall
anguage
Visaisrequi
redforFili
pinosvisit
ingthecountryofKiribati
.Thedocumentstopr epareforvisa
appli
cat
ionincl
udeaccompl i
shedv i
saappl i
cationandchecklist,copyofai
rti
cketoriti
nerary
,valid
passportcopy,
andev idenceofpay ment( ht
tps://
www. mf a.
gov .
ki/)
.

12.NORTHERNMARI ANSISLANDS
Commonweal thoftheNor ther
nMar i
anaIsl andsisasel f-
governi
ngter r
it
oryofUSAwi thSaipan
asitscapi
tal.Majori
tyofthepeopl eli
vi
ngint hear eaar eAsian(Fili
pinoasthelargestgroup,Chinese,
Korean,amongot hers),
NativeHawai i
an,andot herPaci fi
cIslanders.Theindigenouspeopleofthe
i
slandarecalled“Chamor ro”
.Thel anguagespokenar eChamor r
o,Engli
sh(Of f
ici
al)
,andFili
pino
l
anguage.Themai ngatewayist hr
oughSai panInter nati
onalAirport(SPN)
Phil
ippinepassportholderswhowi sht ovisittheU.S.Commonweal t
hoft heNorthernMar i
ana
Isl
ands(CNMI )mustcompl ywi t
ht hesameent r
yr equirementsasf oranyU. S.desti
nati
on

13.POLYNESIA
ComprisestheCookIslands,Hawai
i,Fr
enchPolynesi
a,NewZealand,
theMarquesasIsl
ands,
andSamoa.Manci ni(2011)i
denti
fiedthef
oll
owingisl
andsasthemostsought-
aft
ertour
ist
dest
inati
ons:
TheTahi ti
anIsl
ands,Tongo,AmericanSamoa,Samoa,andtheCookIsl
ands.

ANTARCTI
CA
Ant arcti
ci sknownast hesout her nmostcont inent ,anditisknownt obeoneoft hecol dest,dri
est,and
wi ndiest.Iti
st hefift
hlargestcont i
nentonEar th,andi ti
scov eredwi thice.Antarcticaisadeser t
,even
thoughi tholds70%oft hewor l
d’sfr eshwat er.Russi anandEngl i
shar ethemostwi delyspoken
l
anguagesi nAnt arcti
ca.
Thehi ghestpeaki nAnt arcticai sVinsonMassi ftoweringat4, 892met ers.MountEr ebusisan
act iv
ev olcanot hteruptsicecr ystals.Amongt hecont i
nentsoft hewor ld,Ant
arcticar emai nstobe
uni nhabited.Ther eareabout1, 000t o5, 000peopl ewhov i
sitthesciencest at
ionsi nAnt arcticafor
resear chandexpl orat
ionmi ssions.I tissaidt hatonl yplantsandani mal scanl i
vei ncol dofAnt arcti
ca.
Theseani mal sincludepengui ns,whal es,seals, nemat odes,tardigr
ades, andmi t
es.Ant arcti
cahasno
treesandbushes.Theonl yplant sthatcanl iv
ei napl acethalcoldar emossandal gae.Ther ear
e
ex ti
nctv olcanoesi nAntarcti
ca, butt herear et woact i
veonesaswel l.Oneoft hesei satDecept i
on
I
slandandt heot heri st hepi ctur e-per fectMountEr ebus.
Ant ar cticai si ncr edibl yr emot e, andi tt akest imet ogett her e, butt hati spar tofwhatmakest he
tr
ipsouni queanddi stinct ive.Ther ear enocommer cial indust ri
es, resident s,towns, orci tiesi n
Antarctica.
Ant ar cticacanber eachbyboatotpl ane.I tt akes48hour st osai ltheDr akePassagef r
om t he
ti
pofSout hAmer icat ot heAnt ar cticPeni nsul a.Opt ionsav ailablear esai l
ingf rom Ushuai a, Argent i
na;
fl
yingbychar terpl anef rom Punt aAr enas, Chi l
e; sai l
ingf rom Sout hI sland, NewZeal and; orf l
yingt ot he
SouthPol e.Mostoft hev isitor sappr oachAnt ar ct icav i
asout hAmer i
ca’ st i
p, asi tist hef ast estand
mostaccessi bler out e.
Ifonewant st ov isitAnt arct i
ca, compani eswi llber equi r
edbyt heAnt ar cticaTr eatyt osecur ea
permi ttov isit.Vi si ttoAnt arct icai sdoneonl ydur i
ngsummer .Ant arct i
cai sf amouscr uisingdest ination,
andi tisbestexpl or edusi ngzodi acboat s.
Nov i
sai sr equi redt ov isitAnt arct icasi ncei ti sanon- sov er eignnat ion.Howev er, t
r avel
lersneed
tocheckt hei rv isael igibilityf orAr gent inaandChi least hesecount ri
esar et het ake-of fpoi ntst ogett o
Antarctica.
Someoft hei nt er est inggeogr aphi cal at tract i
onsi nAnt ar ct
icai ncludes:
 Vi nsonMassi ff–t hisi st hehi ghestpoi nti nAnt ar cti
cast andi ngat4, 892met er s
 Ant ar cticI ceSheet–t heAnt ar ctici cesheeti samongEar th’st wopol ari cecaps.Thi soccupi es
some98%oft heAnt arct i
cPeni nsul aandi sEar t h’shighestsi ngl eicemass
 MountEr ebus–t hev olcanohasbeenact iv esi ncear ound1. 3mi ll
iony ear sagoandi st he
locat ionoft heMpuntEr ebusVol canoObser vat or ybyt heMi ningandTechnol ogyi nstit
uteof
NewMexi co.I ti st hesecondhi ghestv ol canoandt hemostact ivev ol
canoonEar thi nthesout h
 Weddel lSea–t hi sseai st hepar toft heSout her nOceant hatcont ainst heWeddel l Grye.The
baydev elopedf rom coast sofCoat sLandandt heAnt arct i
cPeni nsul adef inesi tsl and
boundar i
es
 RossI ceShel f–t hisi sAnt arct ica’sl ar gesti ceshel f
 LakeVost ok–Thi si st hel ar gestamongt heappr oximat ely400knownsub- glacial lakesi n
Ant ar ctica
 Bear dmor eGl acier–t hi si soneoft hewor ld’sl ar gestv alleygl acier smeasur i
ng200km l ong
and40km hi gh
 Vest foldHi lls–t hesear ecompl etelyf r eef rom snowandi ceandar et husknownasan
Ant ar cticoasi s.Theycont ainawi dev ar ietyofl akesy st emswi thmor et han300l akesand
ponds, incl udi ngpossi blyt hehi ghestconcent r
at ionofst rat ifi
edl akesi nt hewor ld.
 BayofWhal es–t hisi sanat ural i
cehar bour , ori cepor t,foundont henor thofRoosev eltIsland,
indent ingt hef rontoft heRossI ceShel f .iti snotonl yt heRossSea’ ssout hernmostopenocean
poi ntbutwor ldwi de
 Bent l
ySubgl aci al Trench–i tisoneoft hel owestpoi nt sonEar th’ssur facenotcov eredbyt he
ocean, ev ent houghi ti scov eredbyi ce

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LynnU.DonesaPhD,Li
li
bet
hAr agonPhD.(2020)
.Gl
obal
Cul
tur
eandTour
ism Geogr
aphy
,Rex
Bookst
ore,
856NicanorReyesSr.St
.,Sampal
ocMani
la
Mari
eV.Angeles(2021)
.Global
CultureandTouri
sm Geogr
aphy
,EDRI
CPubl
i
shi
ngHouse,
1633LagunaSt.Cor.Or
oquit
aSta.Cruz,Mani
la

ENDOFMODULE1