REVIEWER MAM MAMINTA ● Andres Bonifacio (1863-1896)

Nationalistic, Propaganda, and Revolutionary ● Emilio Jacinto (1875-1899)

Literature (1864-1896)
Some of the women authors
PROPAGANDA LITERATURE
 Leona Florentino
● Its objective is to reform.  Gregoria de Jesus
a. POLITICAL ESSAYS AND POLITICAL OTHER AUTHORS AND THEIR WORKS
NOVELS
Graciano Lopez-Jaena (The Greatest Orator)
REVOLUTIONARY LITERATURE
His major works include:
a. POLITICAL ESSAYS
● Ang Fray Botod
Prominent Produce during the Spanish Period
● La Hija del Fraile (The Child of the Friar)
1. Doctrina Christiana (1593) and Everything is Hambug (Everything is
2. May Bagyo Ma’t May Rilim a mere Show)
Prominent Authors during the Spanish Period ● Sa mga Pilipino
1. Modesto de Castro ● Talumpating Paggunita kay Columbus
 Example: Pagsusulatan ng
Antonio Luna (The pharmacist, writer and
Dalawang Binibini na si Urbana
general)
at Feliza (1864)
2. Francisco Baltazar His major works include:
 Example: Orosman at Zafira
• Noche Buena (Christmas Eve)
The Growth of a Nationalist Consciousness
• Se devierten (How they Diverted
● ROYAL DECREE IN 1863 Themselves)
● PEDRO PATERNO (1857-1911) • La Tertulia Filipina (A Filipino Conference
or Feast)
a. Sampaguitas
• Por Madrid (For Madrid)
b. Ninay
• La Casa de Huespedes (The Landlady’s
● JOSE RIZAL (1861-1896)
House)
a. Noli Me Tangere (1887)
Mariano Ponce (The secretary)
b. El Filibusterismo (1891)
His major works include:
c. A las Flores de Heidelberg
● Ang Alamat ng Bulacan (Legend of
d. Ultimo Adios Bulacan)

The Propaganda Movement (1872-1896) ● Pagpugot kay Longinos (The Beheading

of Longinus)
● La Solidaridad (1889-1895)
● Sobre Filipinos (About the Filipinos)
● Marcelo H. del Pilar (1850-1896)
 ● Ang mga Pilipino sa Indo-Tsina (The
Filipinos in Indo-China).
Jose Maria Panganiban
His major works include:
● Ang Lupang Tinubuan (My Native Land)
● Ang Aking Buhay (My Life)
● Su Plano de Estudio (Your Study Plan)
● El Pensamiento (The Thinking)
Japanese Occupation (1942-1960)
Japanese Occupation- Brief History
• occurred between 1942 and 1945 when
Imperial Japan occupied the
Commonwealth of the Philippines
during World War II
• invasion on the Philippines started on 8
December 1941, ten hours after the
attack on Pearl Harbor.
• Clark Air Base in Pampanga was first
attacked and also Nichols Field outside
Manila was attacked, then on December
22, the Japanese forces landed at the
Lingayen Gulf and continued on to
Manila.
• General Douglas MacArthur declared
Manila an open city on the advice of
commonwealth President Manuel L.
Quezon to avoid its destruction.
• Manila was occupied by the Japanese on
January 2, 1942.
• MacArthur retreated with his troops to
Bataan while the commonwealth
government withdrew to Corregidor
Island before proceeding to the United
States. The joint American and Filipino
soldiers in Bataan finally surrendered on
April 9, 1942. MacArthur escaped to
Corregidor then proceeded to Australia.
• General MacArthur kept his promise to
return to the Philippines on 20 October
1944. The landings on the island of Leyte
were accompanied by a force of 700
vessels and 174,000 men. Through
December 1944, the islands of Leyte and
Mindoro were cleared of Japanese
soldiers.
• During the campaign, the Imperial
Japanese Army conducted a suicidal
defense of the islands. Around 500,000
Filipinos died during the Japanese
Occupation Period.
• The 76,000 captured soldiers were
forced to embark on the infamous
"Death March" to a prison camp more
than 100 kilometers north. An estimated
10,000 prisoners died due to thirst,
hunger and exhaustion.
• Japan occupied the Philippines for over
three years, until the surrender of Japan.
A highly effective guerrilla campaign by
Philippine resistance forces-controlled
sixty percent of the islands, mostly
forested and mountainous areas.
“I came through and I shall return”
-General MacArthur Douglas
“DEATH MARCH”
1. Philippine Literature under Japanese
Occupation
CHARACTERISTICS OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
 Romanticism
 Nationalism
 Independence  Philippine literature in English
came to a halt.
 Nature
 Except for the Tribune and the
 Expression of Feelings Philippine Review, Pillars, Free
Philippines, and Filipina, almost
a. Characteristics of Philippine Literature
all newspapers in English were
under Japanese Period
stopped by the Japanese.
 The stride and growth of the
 The only Filipino writers who
Philippine literature in English
could write freely were those
language and the development
who were living in the United
of Philippine literature in
States.
general was interrupted during
 Most writers and authors were
the Japanese period.
lead to either go underground or
 The weekly Liwayway was
write in Tagalog.
placed under strict surveillance
 Filipino literature also
until it was managed by a
experienced renewed attention
Japanese named Ishiwara
because writers in English
 The only contact with the
turned to writing in Filipino.
outside world was done with
utmost secrecy through the The common theme of most poems during the
underground radio program Japanese occupation was nationalism, country,
called “Voice of Freedom" love, and life in the barrios, faith, religion and the
 Tagalog was favored by the arts.
Japanese military authority and
Three types of poems emerged during this
writing in English was consigned
period:
to a limbo.
 Japanese were able to influence 1. Haiku
and encourage the Filipino in
2. Tanaga
developing the vernacular
literature 3. Karaniwang Anyo (Usual Form)
 There was no freedom of speech
and of the press. a. Characteristics of Philippine Literature
under Japanese Period (DRAMA)
 Victoria Abelardo has described
o The drama experienced
Filipino writing during the
a lull during the
Japanese occupation as being
Japanese period
pessimistic and bitter.
because movie houses
 There were some efforts at
showing American films
escapist literature, but in
were closed.
general, the literary output was
o The big movie houses
minor and insignificant. Because
were just made to show
of strict censorship, few literary
stage shows.
works were printed during the
o Many of the plays were
war years
reproductions of English
plays to Tagalog.
 o The translators were
Francisco Soc Rodrigo,
Alberto Concio, and
Narciso Pimentel.
o They also founded the
organization of Filipino
players named Dramatic
Philippines
a. Characteristics of Philippine
Literature under Japanese Period
(SHORT STORY)
The field of short story widened
during this period. Many wrote short
stories.
 Brigido Batungbakal
 Macario Pineda
 Serafin Guinigindo
 Liwayway Arceo
 Alicia Lopez Lim
 Ligaya Perez
 Gloria Guzman
 N.V.M Gonzales
a. Characteristics of Philippine Literature
under Japanese Period (IN ENGLISH)
 Because of the strict
prohibitions imposed by the
Japanese in the writing and
publishing of works in English,
Philippine literature in English
experienced a dark period. The
few who dared to write did so
for their bread and butter or for
propaganda. Writings that came
out during this period were
journalistic in nature. Writers
felt suppressed but slowly, the
spirit of nationalism started to
seep into their consciousness.
While some continued to write,
the majority waited for a better
climate to publish their works.
2. Changes and Development
b. Changes and Development
• The Portuguese brought Catholicism and
the new technology of gun and
gunpowder into Japan. The latter
changed the way samurai rulers fought
wars, and accelerated the process of
national unification. In the following era,
national rulers came increasingly to
regard Catholicism as a serious threat to
their authority.
• The Tokugawa shogunate (1603–1868)
eventually banned Christianity
nationwide in 1613, and persecuted its
followers during the 1620s. This
experience contributed to the formation
of the sakoku (closed nation) policy (fully
implemented in 1641 and ending in
1854)
• Sakoku was a Tokugawa response to the
advance of Western colonialism,
although its major objective was to
consolidate the new regime. It banned
Japanese overseas travel and contact
with foreigners, and gave the
government a monopoly over foreign
trade.
(The only European power that was allowed to
trade with Japan was a new Protestant power,
Holland, which was strictly confined to the port
of Nagasaki in Kyushu. Yet through the study of
Dutch materials, the Japanese were exposed to
the latest European knowledge in fields such as
medicine, botany, astronomy, and geography.)
 Xenophobia and a wave of
violent physical attacks on
Westerners characterized the
initial Japanese reaction to
Western powers in this new era.
Many leaders, however, learned
quickly that this was not a viable
approach, and switched to a
pragmatic policy of friendly
cooperation.
  The policy known as kaikoku
washin (calling for an open
country and friendly diplomatic
relations) became the
diplomatic orthodoxy of the new
Meiji government.
 The Meiji government
embarked on radical domestic
reforms designed to make Japan
a strong, civilized, and modern
nation-state.
(Among their goals, the establishment of a
modern legal system was a top priority. Yet,
while persistent negotiations, drastic reforms,
and rapid economic development were
significant in the process of achieving a repeal of
the two clauses, the demonstration of Japan's
military might and its increased prestige as an
empire were probably most significant.)
• Western colonialism's influence on
Japan was profound and wide-ranging,
and modern Japan was shaped through
a constant negotiation with this
influence. This was evident not only in
relation to the nation's key
infrastructure and institutions, such as
the legal system, the constitution, the
Diet, the bureaucracy, the educational
system, the police, transportation, the
army, and the navy. It was also
profoundly manifested in countless
aspects of everyday life, including
literature, arts, religion, architecture,
music, food, hairstyle, clothing, customs,
and even the standard of beauty.
• After 1945 the United States emerged as
the most dominant foreign power for
Japan, and its impact was and still is
wide-ranging and profound. The U.S.-led
occupation after the Pacific War also
marked the first formal foreign rule of
the nation.
• Many Japanese embraced U.S.-imposed
democratization and demilitarization,
and the new constitution of 1946,
especially its pacifist clause, came to
define the ideals of Japan's postwar
democracy.
• The U.S. ambassador to Japan in the
early 1960s, Edwin Reischauer, later
called Okinawa "the only 'semi-colonial'
territory created in Asia since the war."
While American bases at Okinawa paid
most dearly for Japanese militarism,
experiences at American bases in other
Japanese cities have also added a
significant layer to the Japanese memory
of Western colonialism.
3. Notable Authors and Literary Pieces
c. Notable Authors and Literary Pieces
 N.V.M Gonzalez
 Liwayway Arceo
 Macario Pineda
 Stevan Javellana
1. Like the Molave by Rafael Zulueta de
Costa (Poetry)
-inspiring the Filipino nation to improve
their country and make it self-sufficient
2. How my brother Leon brought Home
a Wife” by Manuel Arguilla (Short
Story)
-one must preserve, eve through certain
sacrifices, in order to reach one’s goal
3. Literature and Society by Salvador
Lopez (Essay)
-literature should always be socially
conscious
4. His Native Soil by Juan Laya (Novel)
-analyzing American colonialism and its
effect on the Philippines
“Lupang Tinubuan” -Narciso Reyes
“Uhaw ang Tigang na Lupa” -Liwayway Arceo
“Lungsod Nayon at Dagat-dagatan” -N.V.M
Gonzalez
PHILIPPINE LITERATURE UNDER THE POST-EDSA
REVOLUTION
POST EDSA LITERATURE BRIEF HISTORY
 Academic institutions where creative
writing is a part of the curricular
offerings
 Writers organizations that organizations
sponsor symposia on writer and/or set
up workshops for its members and other
interested parties
 Campus publications are another group
of outlet that is of importance as a
source of non traditional, experimental
writing. These campus publications
could either be a weekly newspapers,
quarterly magazines, or annual literary
journals.
 Overall, the character of the Philippine
literary scene after EDSA may be
pinpointed be referring to the theories
that inform literary production, to the
products is using from the publishers, to
the dominant concerns demonstrated
by the writers outut, and to the direction
towards which literary studies are
tending.
WRITERS ORGANIZATIONS:
 UMPIL (Unyon ng mga Manunulat ng
Pilipino)
 PANULAT (Pambansang Unyon ng mga
Manunulat)
 Panday Lipi
 GAT (Galian sa Arte)
 Katha
 LIRA (Linangan sa Imahe, Retorika at
Anyo)
 GUMIL (Gungho Dagiti Manunurat nga
Ilokano)
 LUDABI (Lubos sa Dagang Bisaya)
 PEN (Pen, Essay, Novel)
CHARACTERISTICS OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
UNDER THE POST-EDSA REVOLUTION
1. Post-EDSA publishing has been marked by
adventurousness, and a willingness to gamble on
non-traditional projects.
2. A recuperation of writing in Philippine
languages other than Tagalog.
3. Feminist sentiments also flourished in
Philippine contemporary art and literature.
4. The declining prestige of the New Criticism,
whose rigorous aesthetic norms has previously
functioned as a Procrustean bed on which
Filipino authors and their works were measured,
has opened a gap in the critical evaluation of
literary works.
5. There is in the academe an emerging critical
orientation that draws its concerns and insights
from literary theorizing current in England and
US.
FAMOUS AUTHORS AND THEIR NOTABLE
WORKS
1. Lilia Quindoza Santiago
Notable works
 Famous poetry “Tula sa Sanaysay”
 The very last story of Huli
2. Charlson L. Ong
Notable works
 Blue Angel, White Shadow
  The Execution  Balada ni Lola Amonita

 The Trouble in Beijing  Anyaya ng Imperyalista

 An Embarassment of Riches LITERARY PIECES

3. Jose Dalisay, Jr.  The Very Last Story of Huli (by Lilia
Quindoza Santiago)
Notable works
 The Execution by Charlson Ong
 Oldtimer and other Stories

 Killing time in a Warm Place

 The Island

 The Lavas: A Filipino Family

4. Ricardo Lee

Notable works
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 Kabilang sa mga Nawawala

 Si Tatang at mga Himala ng ating

Panahon

 Para kay B

5. Danton R. Remoto

Notable works

 Skin, Voices, Faces

 X-Factor

 Ladlad

6. Marjorie Evasco

Notable works

 Sagada Stills in a Floating World

 A Legacy of Light: 100 Years of Sun Life in

the Philippine

 ANI: The Life and Art of Hermogena

Borja Lungay,

7. Ruth Elynia S. Mabanglo

Notable works

 Liham ni Pinay mula sa Brune


Philippine Literature under American
Colonization
To Foretell The Destiny of a Nation, It is
Necessary To Open A Book That Tells of Her Past
-Jose Rizal-
THE AR BETWEEN THE PHILIPPINES AND
AMERICA
TIMELINE
February4&5, 1899
 Emilio Aguinaldo officially declares war
on US. Battle of Manila, first and largest
battle of the war.
March 31, 1899
 American forces capture Malolos, the
then capital.
March23, 1901
 Aguinaldo is captured by US forces, led
by General Frederick Funston
April 1901
 Aguinaldo makes peace with the US.
June16, 1902
 US military rule of the Philippines ends.
Economic Reasons is the reason why the
American happened to colonize the Philippines.
a It states that in effort to become a global
imperial and economic powerhouse, the United
States political leaders colonized the Philippines
due to its strategic location in the Pacific Ocean.
In an era where imperialism was strictly a
European affair, European economics flourished.
The American colonization period witnessed a
dramatic flowering of Philippine literature
considering the ff:
 The sheer volume of works produced
 The ringing of names etched in the
Philippine literary pantheon,
 As well as the introduction and
development of new literary genres as
genuine additions to the already rich
Philippine literary tradition.
Additional contributions of American to the
Philippine Literature
Arrival of English Language
 With the arrival of the English language,
a new way of writing literature has
emerged.
 Short story as a literary genre was
brought along by the Americans
 Filipino writers went into all forms of
literature like news reporting, poetry,
stories, plays, essays and novels.
CIRCULATION OF NEWSPAPER
Newspapers circulated during the American
period. These are the following:
 El Nuevo Dia (The New Day)
 El Grito del Pueblo (The Call of the
Nation)
 El Renacimiento (The Rebirth)
The best known magazines that capitalized on
short stories and poems were
 Liwayway (1922, Tagalog),
 Bisaya (1930, Cebuano),
 Hiligaynon(1934, Ilonggo),
 Bannawag(1934, Ilokano).
General contributions of American to the
Philippine Literature
Americans helps the society improved.
  First, the American colonizers helped the and argued that they were acting in the
Filipino economy. best interests of those whose lands and
 Second, the Americans also contributed peoples they exploited.
to the Philippine Politics.  Colonial governments invested in
 Third, Americans helped in the infrastructure and trade and
development of our society and culture. disseminated medical and technological
 Lastly, they brought good education, knowledge.

Philippine Music Under the American Notable Authors and their works
Colonization
Rodolfo Dato- Mybook of verses, My Spouse
Musical Characteristic
Paz Marquez Benitez- Dead Star A night in the
When the Americans came, they brought, Hills

 Blues, Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero- My favorite11play,

 Folk, Retribution: And Eight other Selected Play
 R&B, Zoilo Mercado Galang- A child of sorrow
 Rock and roll
Juan Cabreros Laya- Diwang Kayumanggi, Daga a
Musical Form- Songs became a hybrid of other nakayanakan
forms of music that were popular then, such as
kundiman. Amando V. Hernandez- Mga Ibong Mandaragit,
Luhang Buwaya, Birds of Prey
Characteristics of changes and development of
the colonizers we were under. 21st century philippine literature

 Separation of Catholic Church to the Characteristics of 21st Century Philippine

state. Literature
 English was introduced as the official 1.Gender Sensitive
language.
 Education system reformed. 2. Technologically Alluding
 Port, building, and road building 3.Culturally Pluralistic
initiated.
 Literacy became double 4.Operates on Extreme Reality or Extreme
 Expansion of technology Fiction
 Exportation of food became visible 5.Absolute Norms
between the two country
 Colonialism is defined as “ control by one GENRES IN 21ST CENTURY PHILIPPINE
power over a dependent area or people. LITERATURE
 ” Colonial powers justified their  Creative Nonfiction
conquests by asserting that they had a
 Hyper Poetry
legal and religious obligation to take
 Mobile phone text tula
over the land and culture of indigenous
 Chick lit
peoples.
 Speculative fiction
 Conquering nations cast their role as
 Flash Fiction
civilizing “barbaric” or “ savage ” nations,
 Blog  "Karapote: Antolohia Dagiti 13 a
 Graphic Novels Nasuerte A Sarita" - ariel s.
 Digi-Fiction Tabag
 Manga 7. Blog
 Doodle Fiction  It is a platform where a writer or
 Spoken Poetry even a group of writers share
 Text-Talk Novels their views on an individual
 Science Fiction subject.
1. Creative Nonfiction 8. Graphic Novels
 “The Cardinal’s Sins, the  "The Mythology Class (Nautilus
General’s Cross, the Martyr’s comics)" - arnold arre
Testimony, and Other  "Light (Anino comics)" - rob
Affirmations” - Gregorio c. cham
Brillantes  "Sixty Six (Anino comics)" -
 “Manananggal Terrorizes russell Molina
Manila and Other Stories” -  "Maktan 1521" - tepai pascual
jessica zafra 9. DIGI-FICTION
 “Sapay Koma” - jhoanna lynn  It is a literary experience that
cruz combines three media: book,
2. Hyper Poetry movie/video and internet
 This genre of literature uses the websites
computer screen as medium, 10. MANGA
rather than the printed page. 11. DOODLE FICTION
3. Mobile phone text tula  A literary presentation where
 It is a literary work originally the author incorporates doodle
written on a cellular phone via drawings and hand written
text messaging. graphics in place of traditional
4. Chick lit font.
 "Spotlight New Adult" - mina v. 12. SPOKEN POETRY
Esguerra  “Isang Magsasaka, Dalawang
 Tall Story"- candy gourlay Panginoon” Jonel Revistual
 "All’s Fair in Blog and War"- 13. TEXT-TALK NOVELS
chrissie peria  “Vince and Kath”
5. Speculative fiction 14. SCIENCE FICTION
 "Smaller and Smaller Circles" - fh  A genre of speculative fiction
batacan dealing with imaginative
 "Sink" - isabel yap concepts
 "The Secret Origin of SpinMan" - CHANGES AND DEVELOPMENT
andrew drilon
6. Flash Fiction  The early stages of Filipino
 "100 Kislap" - abdom m. Balde jr Literature consist of the Pre-
Spanish period, the Spanish
period and the Propaganda and
Revolutionary Periods.
  Contemporary writers often
consciously draw inspiration and
ideas from the writers who have
come before them
 There are various themes and
topics that the contemporary
literature addresses
o Identity
o History and Memory
o Technology
o And many more
 Hyper reality, unreliable
narrative, numerous
protagonists, and other
postmodern features can be
found in 21stcentury and
current literature.
NOTABLE AUTHORS AND THEIR WORKS
Francisco "Franz" Arcellana- A Filipino writer,
poet, essayist, critic, journalist and teacher.
Paulo Manalo- A poet born in Manila and an
assistant professor of English, literature and
creative writing at the University of the
Philippines Diliman.
Roberto “Bob” Ong- This author's actual name
and identity is unknown
Peter Solis Nery- This Hiligaynon pride from Iloilo
is an award winning Filipino poet, fictionist, and
author of various books
Merlie Alunan- She is another pride of Iloilo who
wrote award winning collections of poetry in
English and Cebuano languages
Anthony L. Tan- A poet, essayist, and fictionist
Myrna Pena Reyes- This poet from Cagayan de
Oro is a recipient of Oregon Literary Fellowship
for poetry
TOP 10 BEST BOOKS IN MODERN PHILIPPINE
LITERATURE
 Bob Ong- ABNKKBSNPLAko?!
 Ricky Lee- Para Kay B
 Lualhati Bautista- Dekada '70
 Miguel Syjuco- Ilustrado
 Eros Atalia- Ligo na U, Lapit na Me
 Jason Paul Laxamana- 100 Tula Para Kay
Stella
 Manix Abrera- 14
 Arlene J. Chai- The Last Time I Saw
Mother
 F.H. Batacan- Smaller and Smaller Circles
 Miriam Defensor Santiago- Stupid is
Forever
Philippine Literature under the Martial Law
 Ferdinand Marcos was elected as
president and took his oath in 1965.
 In 1969, he got reelected again as
President and entered the 70s as the
leader of the country once again.
 Marcos then declared Martial law on the
21st of September, 1972 in the form of
Proclamation 1081.
 In 1986, a snap election was held and
Marcos still wanted to be in position.
MARTIAL LAW
Ferdinand Marcos
 Proclamation No. 1081 was the
declaration of Martial Law in the
Philippines by President Ferdinand
E. Marcos. It became effective
throughout the entire country on 21
September 1972, and was
announced to the public two days
later. It was formally lifted on 17
January 1981, six months before the
first presidential election in the
Philippines in twelve years.
 What happened to Philippine
Literature During Martial Law? It is
not quite correct to argue that it was
only in 1972 that Filipino writers
started to use their writings to
 explore sociopolitical realities. The
tradition of protest has always been
a potent force in the production of
socially committed writings, as a
number of critics such as Bienvenido
Lumbera, and Epifanio San Juan Jr.
have argued.
Five things to know about why the period under
Martial Law matters in the ongoing fight for
truth, justice and reparations in the Philippines.
1. Extensive human rights violations
2. Clear pattern
3. Lack of accountability
4. Historical revisionism
5. Justice remains elusive
Themes/Forms of Literature During Martial Law
Protest Literature
 Simply defined as "a body of works that
expressed social and political protest in
veiled terms" - has had a long history in
the Philippines.
Proletarian Literature
 The call to create proletarian literature
was too strong to ignore. It was deemed
unimaginable, for the committed writer
doing political work, to still think of
poetry as "beauty recollected in
tranquility"
Prison Literature
 Not a few writers ended up behind bars
from day one of martial law. Journalists
and prominent political opposition
figures were the first to be ensnared in
the dragnet cast by the Marcos
intelligence and police apparatus,
followed by militant activists, including
academics who were also noted for their
critical literary writings.
Circumvention Literature
 It was in the precious little space
afforded, wittingly or unwittingly, by
certain publications and institutions
sanctioned by the martial law
administration, that the so called
'Literature of Circumvention began to
appear.
Notable Authors
Pete Lacaba
 The name Lacaba has become a literary
by- word, for a number of reasons.
Jose Ma. Sison
 The best-known radical poet who
became a political prisoner of the
Marcos regime was Jose Ma. Sison, A
former English instructor at the
University of the Philippines
Mila Aguilar
 A former teacher of English literature at
the University of the Philippines
F. Sionil Jose
 The first instrument of censorship in
1972 was the Army Office of Civil
Relations which granted licences for new
magazines and newspapers.
Notable Works
POEM
 Prometheus Unbound
 If a poem was just
NOVEL
 Days of Disquiet, Nights of Rage
 Killing Time in a Warm Place
TALE
 "U.G." An Underground Tale