Name: Franchesca Rine Rosanes and Mhyco Manuel
Grade & Strand: G11- Copper HUMSS and STEM
Pre-colonial Period
BC – 1564
● It happened before
Spaniards claimed the
Philippines in 1565.
● Works of literature were
oral in nature- literature
that has been passed on
by word of mouth.
● Subjects of literary works
were about life,
blessings, and its
consequences;
contained ideas from
birth to the grave.
● The living sources of
pre-colonial literature
were the local native
town folk.
● Baybayin was the oldest
writing system and was
still used during this
period in writing literature.
● A. Oral Literature
Forms:
1.Riddles
- known as bugtong in
Filipino
- A battle of wits among
participants
2. Proverbs, Epigrams, Maxims
- Known as Salawikain or
Sawikain in Filipino.
- Short poems that have
been customarily been
used and served as laws
or rules on good behavior
by our ancestors
3. Tanaga
- A short poetic form that is
the Filipino equivalent of
Japanese Haiku
Timeline of Philippine Literature
Spanish Colonization
Period
February 13, 1565
● The Spanish colonialism
began with the arrival of
Miguel López de
Legazpi's expedition
from Mexico
Contributions of Spaniards On
the Philippine Literature
● Alibata, the first Filipino
alphabet was replaced by
the Roman alphabet
● Spanish became the
language of Philippine
Literature
● The teaching of the
Christian Doctrine
became the basis of
religious practices
● Religious themes
dominated the culture of
the Christianize majority,
but the native oral
literature, whether secular
or mythic religious,
continued
● Spaniards brought
European legends and
traditions and were
assimilated into our
songs, corridos, and
moro-moros.
● Works of ancient
literature were collected
and translated to
Tagalog and other
dialects.
Characteristics
1.Non- secular (Religious
literature)
● Subjects revolved
around the life and death
of Jesus Christ.
Propaganda and
Revolutionary Period
Characteristics
● The language shifted
from Spanish to Tagalog
● Planted seeds of
nationalism in Filipinos
● Addressed the masses
instead of the
“intelligentsia”
Literary Forms:
1.Propaganda Literature:
- Reformation is the main
objective of propaganda
literature
Political Essays:
● Diariong Tagalog
- It was the first native daily
newspaper founded by
Marcelo H. del Pilar in
1882.
● La Solidaridad
- La Solidaridad was the
name of all-Filipino
organization established
by the illustrados of
Barcelona on December
13, 1888
● Noli Me Tangere (1887)
- Noli Me Tangere is a Latin
word which means
“Touch Me Not”
- Rizal described the
Spaniards as a disgrace
which provided more
hardships to the life of
Filipinos.
● El Filibusterismo (1891)
- El Filibusterismo was
written about four years
after Noli Me Tangere
American Colonization
Period
● Writers during the
American Period drew
ideas from the that was written and published
Propaganda Movement
and the Revolutionary
Movement to encourage
the Filipinos to continue 1.Creative Non-Fiction
to fight against the U.S
Colonialism
● The literary genres that
flourished during the
American Period were
poetry, sarswela, short
story, and the novel.
● The Period of
Re-Orientation
(1898-1910)
● The Period of Imitation
(1910-1925)
● The Period of
Self-Discovery
(1925-1941)
Forms: 2.Science Fiction
● A. Poetry
- was written in the three
languages- Filipino,
Spanish, English, and in
the different dialects.
Julian Cruz Balmaceda,
- He classified three kinds
of Tagalog Poets: Poets
of the Heart, Poets of
Life, and the Poets of the
Stage
Jose Corazon De Jesus
- also known by his pen
name Huseng Batute,.
- His first books of poem
were “Mga Gintong
3.Speculative Fiction
Contemporary Period
Contemporary literature or 21st
Century Literature is anything
in the year 2000s.
● Genres/Forms :
- can be essay, a journal
article, a research paper,
a memoir, or a poem.
- some of the creative
nonfiction in the
Philippines include but
not limited to:
1.The Cardinal’s Sins,
The General’s Cross,
The Martyr’s Testimony,
and Other Affirmations
by Gregorio C. Brillantes;
2.Manananggal
Terrorizes Manila and
Other Stories by Jessica
Zafra; and
3.Sapay Koma by
Jhoanna Lynn Cruz
- is a genre of speculative
fiction dealing with
imaginative concepts
such as futuristic
science and technology,
space travel, time
travel, faster than light
travel, parallel universe,
and extraterrestrial life.
- It often explores the
potential consequences
of scientific and other
innovations and has
been called a “literature
of ideas”.
 - The focus is to express
insights and lessons in
life and is more
emotionally charged than
the proverb, thus, has
affinities with folk lyric.
4. Chant
- Used in witchcraft or
enchanments
- Known as Bulong in
Filipino
5. Sayings
- Known as Kasabihan in
Filipino
- Used in teasing or to
comment on a person’s
actuations.
B. Folk Songs
- Contain ideas on
aspirations, hopes,
everyday life, and
expressions of love for
loved ones and is
bounded by learning of
good morals
Forms:
1. Lullabies
- Locally known as Hele or
Uyayi
- Sung to put babies to
sleep
2. Drinking Songs
- Locally known as Tagay
3. Songs of Death
- Locally known as
Tagulaylay
5. Religious Songs
- These are songs or
chants that are usually
given during exorcisms
and thanksgiving during
good harvest.
C. Folk Tales
- Locally known as “Mga
Kwentong Bayan”,
pre-canonical stories
contained ideas about
dealing with the power of
nature.
- Pre-canonical Philippine
folk tales also tackle
2.Secular (Non- religious
literature)
● Subjects revolved around
tales of valiance and
adventure.
Forms of Non-Secular
(Religious) Literature
1.Pasyon (published on 1704)
- A Philippine epic
narrative of the Passion,
Death, and Resurrection
of Jesus Christ.
- The entirety of the text is
chanted during the
Lenten season and
particularly Holy Week
and is a popular Filipino
Catholic devotion.
2.Senakulo (started in 1904)
- derived from the Spanish
word cenaculo which
means the “place where
Jesus Christ celebrated
the Last Supper with his
disciples”, is a play or
re-enactment depicting
the life and passion of
Jesus Christ (Senakulo,
2019)
3.Komedya
- A theatrical tradition by
Filipinos, sometimes
comes in a form of
singing
- It is brought to the
Philippines for
entertainment, likewise,
to spread the Christian
faith.
4. Doctrina Christiana
- Was an early book on the
Catholic Catechism,
written in 1593 by Fray
Juan de Plasencia, and
is believed to be one of
the earliest printed books
in the Philippines
Forms of Komedya:
1.Religious Komedya
2.Revolutionary Literature
Political Essays:
● Kalayaan
● True Decalogue
- On June 24 1898,
Apolinario Mabini printed
a pamphlet that contained
the documents The True
Decalogue and The
Constitutional Program
of the Philippine
Republic.
● Katapusang Hibik ng
Pilipinas
- Apparently written in
response to the poems
“Hibik ng Pilipinas sa
Inang Espanya” by
Hermenegildo Flores
and “Sagot ng Espanya
sa Hibik ng Pilipinas” by
Marcelo del Pilar
● Liwanag at Dilim
- The theme of the work is
well-expressed in the title,
for it is an effort,
analogous to that which
inspired so many of
Rizal’s writings to help his
people.
● Sampung Utos ng Mga
Anak ng Bayan
- Dekalogo ni Andres
Bonifacio, na nagsasaad
ng etika na susundin at
gagawing basehan ng
Masang Katipunan na
Dahon” and “Sa
Dakong Silangan”.
● B. Drama
- Dramas were extensively
used as a way to
promote nationalism.
Severino Reyes 4. Flash Fiction
- was called the “Father of
Tagalog Drama”. His
immortal play, “Walang
Sugat” was his
masterpiece.
Aurelio Tolentino
- was deemed the “Father
of Kapampangan
Drama”. His work
“Luhang Tagalog” was
his masterpiece.
Hermogenes Ilagan
- was a dramatist who
founded the group
Campana Ilagan, 5. Six-World Flash Fiction
presenting many dramas
in Central Luzon
Patricio Mariano
- wrote the play entitled
“Ninay”. His masterpiece 6. Digi-Fiction
was “Anak ng Dagat”
Julian Cruz Balmaceda
- was a playwright who
wrote “Bunganga ng
Pating”.
7. Doodle Fiction
C. Novel
- Although written in a
borrowed language,
novels written during
American Era dwelled on
Filipino customs and
traditions.
Juan Cabreros Lava 8. Graphic Novels
- His Native Soil, a novel
written in English in 1941
Maximo Manguiat Kalaw
- The Filipino Rebel: A
Romance of American
Occupation in the
Philippines was published
in 1891
Gabriel Beato Francisco
- Also known as dystopian,
supernatural fiction, weird
fiction, superhero fiction,
apocalyptic/post-apocalyp
tic, and fantastical fiction
- is a type of story that
deals with observations
of the human condition.
- goes by many names,
including
microfiction,microstorie
s,short stories, sudden
fiction, postcard fiction,
and nanofiction.
- some of the flash fiction in
the Philippines are:
1. 100 Kislap by Abdon
M. Balde Jr.;
2. Karapote: Antolohia
Dagiti 13 a Nasuerte A
Sarita, by Ariel S. Tabag
- is a short story,
containing six words
only.
- It is a literary experience
that combines three
media: book,
movie/video, and Internet
websites.
- Literary presentation
where the author
incorporates doodle
writing and drawings,
and handwritten
graphics in place of the
traditional font.
- has existed as an art form
arguably from the time
our species learned how
to paint. However, the
term has only been in use
since the 1960’s, and
through it’s often a hotly
debated issue, it’s
generally accepted that a
graphic novel is a
 irresponsibility, lust, - usually seen during
deception, and fallibility church celebrations,
that eventually lead to the portrays the life of Christ
instilling of good morals. or any saint.
2.Secular Komedya
Forms: - is a form of entertainment
Myths usually performed at the
- Tackle the natural to local fiestas. A
strange occurrences of well-known example of
the earth and how things Secular Komedya is
were created with an aim Santacruzan.
to give an explanation to
things Forms of Secular Literature
1.Awit (1969)
Deities and Paradise - is a Filipino poem written
- There is presence of in dodecasyllabic verse
different deities for called plosa, following
the pattern of rhyming
Legends stanzas established in
- Stories usually come with Pasyon.
lessons that give credit to - One influential work in the
supernatural powers, awit form is Florante at
supernatural occurrences, Laura, an 1838 narrative
and other poem written by
out-of-this-world native Francisco Balagtas.
imagination
2.Korido
Fables - Korido is the generic
- Employ animals, plants, name for Philippine
inanimate objects, or romances.
forces of nature as - It is a metrical romances
characters in octosyllabic verse
- Narrates fantastic stories called hakira.
that deal with underworld - Odulia de Guzman’s
characters, including but “Ibong Adarna”
not limited to: published in 1968 is a
a. tiyanak well-known example of
b. aswang korido.
c. kapre
3.Prose Narratives
Epics - are written to prescribe
- These are narratives of proper decorum
sustained length based - a good example of a
on oral tradition revolving prose narrative is the
around supernatural “Pagsusulatan ng
events or heroic deeds. Dalawang Binibini na si
Urbana at Feliza”, written
by Presbitero Modesto
de Castro in 1864.
- is best known for his longer work or
trilogy of (1) Fulgencia collection of works
Galbillo,1907 ; (2) presented in ‘comics’
Capitan Bensio, 1907; style.
(3)Alfaro, 1909 .
9. Illustrated Novels
- is presented through texts
Inigo Ed. Regalado and illustrated images
- Madaling Araw is a 1909
Tagalog-language novel 10. Text-Talk Novels
Juan Lauro Arsciwals - are stories told almost
- Lalaking uliraan o completely in dialogue
Tulisan? stimulating social
network exchanges
● Short Story through IM, SMS, and
- A literary genre was email.
brought along by the
Americans, Filipinos 11. Hyper Poetry
readily adopted short - are new genres of
story because as a form literature that use the
of relaxation and computer screen as
entertainment. medium, rather than
printed page.
- It is usually found online,
through CD-ROM and
diskette versions exist.
The earliest examples
date to no later than the
mid 1980s.
12. Spoken Poetry
- is an oral art that focuses
on the aesthetics of word
play and intonation and
voice inflection
13. Mobile Phone Text Tula
- A cellphone novel, or
mobile phone novel is a
literary work originally
written on a cellular
phone via text messaging
- This type of literature
originated in Japan,
where it has become a
popular literary genre.
14. Chick Lit
- is a fiction consists of
heroin-centered
narratives that focus on
the trials and tribulations
of their individual
protagonists
15. Blog
- An online journal or
informational website
displaying information in
the reverse chronological
order
- It is a platform where a
writer or even a group of
writers share their views
on an individual subject.