CHUYÊN ĐỀ: INFINITIVE AND GERUND

I. BARE INF
1. Sau modal verbs: can / could, may / might, will / would, shall / should, must, need.
2. Sau những động từ chỉ giác quan: see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste,
feel (sự việc đã hoàn thành).
3. Sau các diễn đạt như là: had better = should, would rather do sth than…, used to.
4. Sau những động từ: let, make, help* (help someone + do / to do)
II. TO INF
1. Sau một số động từ: thời gian / tiền bạc vào cái gì
* Verb + to inf: Ex: I can’t afford to buy it / They agreed to help me / She appears to be tired.

afford (đủ để làm gì), agree (đồng ý), appear (hình như / hóa ra), arrange (chuẩn bị), care (chú ý đến),
claim (tự xho là / nhận là), consent (đồng ý), decide (quyết định), demand (yêu cầu), deserve (xứng
đáng), fail (trượt / lỡ), hesitate (do dự), hope (hi vọng), learn (học), manage (xoay xở), mean (có ý
định), need (cần), offer (đề nghị), plan (lập kế hoạch), prepare (chuẩn bị), pretend (giả vờ), promise
(hứa), seem (dường như), struggle (chống lại), swear (thề), threaten (đe dọa), wait (chờ), volunteer
(tình nguyện), want (muốn), wish (ước), refuse (từ chối)
wo
* Verb + O + to inf: Ex: She allowed me to use her car / I asked John to help me.

advise (khuyên ai làm gì), allow (cho phép ai làm gì), invite (mời), ask (yêu cầu ai làm gì), beg (cầu xin
ai làm gì), cause (gây ra / khiến), challenge (thách thức), convince (thuyết phục), dare (thách thức),
encourage (khuyến khích), expect (mong đợi), forbid (cấm), force (ép buộc), hire (thuê), instruct
(hướng dẫn), need (cần), order (ra lệnh), permit (cho phép), persuade (thuyết phục), remind (nhắc
nhở), require (yếu cầu), teach (dạy), tell (nói), urge (hối thúc), want (muốn), warn (cảnh báo).

2. Sau những cấu trúc:

a. It + be + adj + (for / of someone) + to inf : thật là gì khi làm gì
b. too + adj + for s.o / s.th + to inf : quá đến nỗi không thể
c. adj + enough to / enough + noun + to inf : đủ để làm gì
d. It + takes / took + s.o + time + to inf : mất của ai đó bao lâu để làm gì
e. Sau tất cả các tính từ đều cộng với to inf ngoại trừ 2 tính từ busy, worth
f. S + V + WH- / HOW + to inf
g. Dùng để chỉ mục đích.
h. Sau the first, the second, the last, the only, …
i. Sau would like, would love, …
Ex: He is the first person to come the class.
III. V-ING
1. Sau một số động từ:

Admit (thừa nhận), advise (nếu không có tân ngữ đi kèm), anticipate (ngóng chờ), appreciate (đánh
giá cao), avoid (tránh), complete (hoàn thành) = finish, delay (hoãn lại) = postpone, deny (từ chối / phủ
nhận), dicuss (thảo luận), enjoy (thích), keep (duy trì, giữ), mention (đề cập đến), mind (để tâm), miss
(bỏ lỡ), practice (luyện tập), quit (thoát khỏi), recall (nhớ lại), resist (chống lại, cưỡng lại), risk (mạo
hiểm), suggest (đề nghị), tolerate (tha thứ), understand (hiểu).

2. Sau những động từ chỉ giác quan (sự việc đang diễn ra).
3. Sau những cấu trúc:
a. be / get + used to / accustomed to + V-ing : quen với điều gì.
b. spend + time / money + (on) + V-ing : bỏ thời gian / tiền bạc vào cái gì
c. waste + time / money + (on) + V-ing : lãng phí thời gian / tiền bạc vào cái gì
d. There is no point + V-ing : thật vô ích khi làm gì
e. It’s no use / good + V-ing : thật vô ích khi làm gì
f. can’t help + V-ing : không thể không
g. can’t stand / bear / resist : không thể chịu đựng
h. look forward to + V-ing : chờ mong điều gì
i. Sau 2 tính từ busy, worth, cụm từ have difficulty / trouble
k. Sau các từ chỉ sở thích, ghét: like, hate, fancy, feel like, fond of…
l. need + V-ing = need + to be + PP (bị động)
Chú ý: Một số động từ theo sau cả to inf lẫn V-ing
1. Nghĩa không thay đổi:
BEGIN, START, COUNTINUE.
2. Nghĩa không thay đổi nhưng cấu trúc sẽ thay đổi
ALLOW, PERMIT, ADVISE, RECOMMEND + O + TO-INF
ALLOW, PERMIT, ADVISE, RECOMMEND + V-ING
3. Nghĩa thay đổi.
a. TRY + to inf: cố gắng làm gì b. STOP + to inf: ngưng lại để làm gì
TRY + V-ing: thử làm gì STOP + V-ing: không làm gì đó nữa
c. REGRET + to inf: tiếc phải làm gì d. CONSIDER + to inf: xem như
REGRET + V-ing: tiếc đã làm gì CONSIDER + V-ing: xem xét, cân nhắc
e. FORGET / REMEMBER + to inf: quên / nhớ phải làm gì
FORGET / REMEMBER + V-ing: quên / nhớ đã làm gì
 EXERCISE

1. Many young people are fond of (play / to play / playing / played) football and other kinds of sports.
2. They couldn’t help (laughing / to laugh / laugh / laughed)when they heard the little boy singing a love
song.
3. Your house needs (redecorated / redecorating / being redecorated / to redecorate).
4. I remember (to allow / allow / allowing / allowed) them to play in my garden.
5. It was a nasty memory. Do you remember both of us wearing sunglasses to avoid (to recognize / to
be recognized / recognizing / being / recognized) by the supervisor.
6. I can’t bear thinking back of that time. I’d rather (treat / be treated / have treated / treating) equally.
7. Did you accuse Nam of -------------- a plate? Well, I saw him -------------- it off the table with his
elbow.
A. break/ knock B. breaking/ knocking C. to break/ to knock D. breaking/ knock
8. We found it very difficult (to work / work / working / worked) with Gamma.
9. I can’t read when I am traveling. It makes me (feel / to feel / felt / feeling) sick.
10.I need -------------- what’s in the letter. Why don’t you let me -------------- it?
A. to know/ to read B. know/ read C. to know/ read D. knowing/ read
11.I suggest (do / to do / doing / done)some more mathematical puzzles.
12.We regret (inform / to inform / informing / informed) you that we cannot approve your suggestion.
13.The driver stopped (have / to have / having / had) a coffee because he felt sleepy.
14.Have you ever considered (become / becoming / to become / became) a pharmacist?
15.You had better (staying / stayed / to stay / stay) at home until you feel better.
16.I remember -------------- my mother said the grass in the garden needed --------------.
A. to hear/cutting B. hear/cut C. heard/to cut D. hearing/ cutting
17.Peter sometimes helps his sister --------------.
A. do homework B. to do homework C. with homework D. all are correct
18.I would rather -------------- at home than --------------out with you.
A. staying/going B. to stay/ to go C. stay/go D. stayed/went
19.I would rather you (drive / to drive / drove / driven).
20.She didn’t say a word and left the room.
A. She left the room without saying a word B. She leaving the room without saying a word

C. She left the room saying a word D. She left the room to say a word.
21.My father wanted me (become / to become / becoming / became) a pilot.
22.Please wait a minute. My boss is busy (write / writing / to write / to writing) something.
23.My teacher doesn’t allow us -------------- while he is explaining the lesson.
A. talk B. to talk C. talking D. talked
24.We have plenty of time. We needn’t (hurry / to hurry / hurrying / hurried).
25.I promised -------------- on time. I mustn’t -------------- late.
A. be/be B. to be/to be C. to be/ be D. be/to be
26.Mary and I are looking forward (of seeing / for seeing / to seeing / to see) you.
27.I’m sure that he knows (to use / using / how using / how to use) this new machine.
28.Psychiatrists and doctors have failed (to tell / telling / tell / told) people not to drink.
29.The students are used to (working / work / to work / worked) in the school library.
30.Our room needs (tidied / to tide / tidy / tidying) up.
31.Mercury’s low gravity makes you (feel / feeling / to feel / felt) very light in a spaceship.
32.“ Was the test long?”. “ Yes, John was the only one (to finish / finishing / finished / finish) it”
33.A lots of things need (be done / doing / to do / done) to the house before anyone can move in.
34.If he really doesn’t feel like ------------ now, I suggested that he should go out for some fresh air.
A. work B. to work C. worked D. working
35.Anne hoped (inviting / being invited / to invite / to be invited) to join the private club. She could
make important business contacts here.
36.Tommy admitted (throwing / being thrown / to throw / to be thrown) thw rock through the window.
37.Ms Drake expects (consulting / being consulted / to consult / to be consulted) about any revision in
her manuscript (bản thảo) before it is printed.
38.Don’t pretend (be) what you’re.
39.I persuaded my brother-in-law not (buy) that old car.
40.Annie denied (throw) the brick (gach) through the window.
41.My parents expects me (get) high marks in school.
42.According to the sign on the restaurant door, all diners are required (wear) shirt
and shoes.
43.We are planning (visit) several historical sites in Moscow.
44.All of the members agreed (attend) the emergency meeting.
45.Whenever we meet, Jack avoided (look) at me.
46.Most people enjoy (travel) to different parts of the world.
47. Joan is considering (change) her major from American studies to psychology.