Chuyen de Ngu Phap Theo Don Vi Bai Hoc E11

Chuyn Ng php ting Anh lp 11 theo cc n v bi hc- L Thanh Bnh 2013
UNIT 1: FRIENDSHIP
INFINITIVE WITH AND WITHOUT TO
A. L THUYT
I- DANH NG T: (Gerund)
Mt s t/ng t sau y cn c V-ing theo sau:
enjoy (thch, thng thc), finish (hon thnh), postpone (tr hon),
avoid (trnh), keep (vn cn), practise (thc hnh),
miss (b l), be/get used to (quen vi), spend (tiu xi, tri qua),
allow/permit (cho php), advise (khuyn), recommend ( ngh, khuyn bo),
give up (t b, u hng), suggest ( ngh), deny (t chi),
consider (xem xt), quit (ri b), dislike (khng thch),
like (thch), cant help (khng th khng),
* its no use/good (khng li ch g), would you mind (bn c phin)
* worth (ng, ng c), busy (bn rn)
II- NG T NGUYN MU C TO:
Mt s ng t sau y cn c to V theo sau:
want (mun), expect (mong ch, k vng), refuse (t chi),
hope (hyvng), decide (quyt nh), agree (ng ),
plan (d nh), would like (mun), like (mun),
fail (tht bi, hng), learn (hc), afford (c kh nng/iu kin),
manage (xoay s), choose (chn la), demand (i hi, yu cu),
prepare (chun b), pretend (gi b), promise (ha),
seek (tm kim), threaten (e do), train (o to, hun luyn),
wish (ao c),
III- TO INFINITIVE OR GERUND?
1) Mt s ng t c V-ing hoc TO V theo sau khng lm thay i ngha:
begin/start (bt u), continue (tip tc), hate (ght), cant bear (khng chu c), intend (d nh), love (yu
thng), prefer (thchhn), hesitate (do d),
2) Mt s ng t c V-ing hoc TO V theo sau lm thay i ngha:
- stop + to V: dng li lm
Ex: I stop to eat lunch. (Ti dng li n tra.)
- stop + V-ing: dng(t b) hnh ng ang lm
Ex: You should stop smoking. (Bn nn b ht thuc.)
- try + to V: c gng
Ex: He tries to get ten marks. (Anh ta c gng t mi im.)
- try + V-ing: th
Ex: She tried writing with her left hand. (C ta th vit bng tay tri.)
- need + to V: cn (ngha ch ng)
Ex: They need to work harder. (H cn lm vic chm ch hn.)
- need + V-ing: cn c (ngha b ng)
Ex: This room needs cleaning. (Cn phng ny cn lau chi.)
- remember/forget + to V: nh/qun lm iu g (cha xy ra)
Ex: Remember to post the letter when you get to the post office.
(Nh gi l th khi bn n bu in.)
- remember/forget + V-ing: nh/qun lm iu g ( xy ra)
Ex: I will never forget seeing you here last year.
(Ti s khng bao gi qun gp bn ti y vo nm ri.)
- regret + to V: tic phi lm iu g (hnh ng sp xy ra)
Ex: I regret to tell you that you failed the exam.
(Ti ly lm tic bo cho anh hay anh thi hng.)
- regret + V-ing: tic lm iu g (hnh ng xy ra)
Ex: She regretted going to New York for holiday.
(C y tic i ngh New York.)

IV. NG T NGUYN MU KHNG TO
1. Can/ could 2. May/might 3. be going to 4. Will/ would
5. Shall/ should 6. must 7. ought to 8. have/ has to
9. had better 10. let 11. make 12. used to
13. let 14. Make 15. help
B. PHN BI TP TRC NGHIM
Gch di phng n tr li ng
1. The teacher permits us (go/to go/going/went) out in a minute.
2. Tell him (to come/comes/coming/come) to see me at once.
3. He advises us (be/are/to be/being) more studious.
4. He allows (asking/to ask/ask/asked) him questions.
5. We dont allow people (smoke/smoking/smokes/to smoke) in this room.
6. They didnt permit (to camp/camping/camp/camps) in this wood.
7. Nothing will make me (change/to change/changing/changes) my mind.
8. Tom let me (to drive/drive/driving/drove) his car yesterday.
9. The teacher recommends (preparing/prepare/to prepare/prepares) the lessons well before coming to class.
10. Jack was allowed (renew/to renew/renewing/renewed) his student card.
11. The doctor made the patient (stay/to stay/staying/stayed) in bed.
12. He recommended me (do/to do/doing/did) it.
13. His parents permitted him (to go/going/go/goes) out.
14. They allowed me (take/taking/took/to take) the trip with them.
15. She advised her husband (give/giving/to gave/to give) up smoking.
16. Hes expecting (make/to make/made/making) a trip to Ha Long Bay.
17. Students stopped (make/making/to make/to making) noise when the teacher came in.
18. I enjoy (listening/to listen/listen/listened) to classical music.
19. I really regret (to hurt/hurt/hurting/to hurting) your feeling when I asked you such a silly question.
20. Hell try (not make/not to make/to not make/not making) the same mistake again.
21. Would you mind (buying/buy/to buy/bought) me a newspaper?
22. Would you like (have/having/to have/has) a dance with me?
23. Did you remember (phone/to phone/phoning/phoned) Ann? Oh, no. I completely forgot it.
24. Those shirts need (to iron/ironing/iron/to ironing).
25. They finished (learning/to learn/learn/learned) and then they wanted to go out for pleasure.
26. When you see Tom, remember (give/giving/to give/gave)him my regards.
27. I hope (not to do/ do not /not doing/not to did) that tiring work again.
28. They postponed (building/build/to build/built) the school for lack of finance.
29. Are his ideas worth (listen/listening/to listen/to listening) to?
30. He always avoids (meeting/met/to meet/meet) in the street.
31. Do you agree (lend/to lend/lending/lent) me some money?
32. Tom refused (to give/giving/give/given) me his address.
33. My watch keeps (stop/to stop/stopping/stopped).
34. My grandfather gets used to (get/getting/to get/got) up early in the morning.
35. Dont forget (give/gave/giving/to give)her my message when you see her.
36. You should try (wearing/wear/to wear/wears) any shirts you want to buy.
37. I remember (meet/meeting/met/to meet) you somewhere last month.
38. Do you often practise (speaking/to speak/speak/spoke) English?
39. I must remind my students that this grammar point needs (revise/revising /to revise/ revised).
40. Your hair needs (cutting/cut/to cut/to cutting) tomorrow.
41. They dont allow (to smoke/smoking/be smoked/smoked) in the auditorium.
42. Would you like me (to turn/turn/turning/to be turned) down the radio?
43. Would you mind (keep/to keep/keeping/being kept) quiet for a moment?
44. They let us (be parked/park/to park/parking) motorbikes here but they dont allow us park cars.
UNIT 2: PERSONAL EXPERIENCE: TENSE REVISION

(PAST SIMPLE, PAST CONTINUOUS, PAST PERFECT, SIMPLE PRESENT, SIMPLE PAST)
I. MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. They _______ for 3 hours when the storm suddenly broke.
a had been running b. have been running c. are running d. will be running
2. No matter what happens next I _______ help you.
a. am b. have c. will d. would
3. I _______ come to the conclusion that nowadays nobody cares about anything.
a. will b. had c. do d. have
4. I assumed you _______ paying for the repairs until the end of last year.
a. have been b. was been c. are being d. had been
5. _______ get tired of answering the same questions every day?
a. Have you ever b. Had you ever c. Do you ever d. Are you ever
6. She _______ working on that manuscript for 2 years now.
a. will be b. has been c. had been d. is
7. I _______ there once a long time ago and _______ back since.
a. went / have not been b. go / am not c. have gone / was d. was going / had not been
8. She _______ trying to pass her driving test but fails every time.
a. kept b. is keeping c. had kept d. keeps
9. I _______ complete silence now while I try this experiment.
a. am wanting b. want c. did want d. have wanted
10. The students _______ by Mrs. Monty. However, this week they _______ by Mr. Tanzer.
a. are usually taught / are being taught b. usually teach / are teaching
c. have usually been taught / have been teaching d. were usually teaching / are teaching
11. In the last hundred years, traveling _______ much easier and more comfortable.
a. becomes b. has become c. became d. will become
12. In the 19th century, it _______ two or three months to cross North America by covered wagon.
a. took b. had taken c. had taken d. was taking
13. In the past the trip _______ very rough and often dangerous, but things _______ a great deal in the last
hundred and fifty years.
a. was / have changed b. is / change c. had been / will change d. has been / changed
14. Now you _______ from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours.
a. are flying b. would fly c. will fly d. can fly
15. When Carol _______ last night, I ______ my favorite show on television.
a. was calling / watched b. called / have watched c. called / was watching d. had called / watched
16. By this time next summer, you _______ your studies.
a. completes b. will complete c. are completing d. will have completed
17. Right now, Jim _______ the newspaper and Kathy _______ dinner.
a. reads / has cooked b. is reading / is cooking c. has read / was cooking d. read / will be cooking
18. Last night at this time, they _______ the same thing. She _______ and he the Newspaper.
a. are doing / is cooking / is reading b. were doing / was cooking / was reading
c. was doing / has cooked / is reading d. had done / was cooking /read
19. When I _______ home last night, I _______ that Jane _______ a beautiful candlelight dinner.
a. had arrived / discovered / prepared b. was arriving / had discovered / was preparing
c. have arrived / was discovering / had prepared d. arrived / discovered / was preparing
20. Alex is busy _______ for his exams.
a. to study b. studied c. studying d. studies
21. She is never willing _______ any personal question.
a. answer b. to answer c. answering d. answered
22. _______ a doctor, you have to meet some certain requirements of the medical college.
a. To become b. Become c. Becoming d. Became
23. Sam _______ to change a light bulb when he _______ and _______.
a. was trying / slipped / fell b. tried / was slipping / falling
c. had been trying / slipped / was falling d. has tried / slips / falls
24. Every day I _______ up at 6 o'clock, _______ breakfast at 7 o'clock and _______ for work at 8 o'clock
a. get / eat / leave b. have got / eating / leaving c. got / ate / left d. will get / have eaten / left
25. Yesterday, I _______ for work late because I _______ to set my alarm.
a. had left / forgot b. was leaving / was forgetting
c. left / had forgot d. had been leaving / would forget
26. By the time we _______ to the train station, Susan _______ for us for more than two hours.
a. will get / has been waiting b. got / was waiting c. got / had been waiting d. get / will wait
27. I _______ for this company for more than thirty years, and I intend to stay here until I _______ next year.
a. am working / will retire b. am going to work / am retiring
c. work / am going to retire d. have been working / retire
28. My mother always the first _______ up and the last _______ to bed.
a. getting / going b. to get / going c. getting / to go d. to get / to go
29. I _______ you last night after dinner, but you _______ there. Where _______ you?
a. was calling / are not / are b. called / were not / were
c. had called / had not been / were d. called / have not been / are
30. The Titanic _______ the Atlantic when it _______ an iceberg.
a. was crossing / struck b. had crossed / was striking
c. crossed / had struck d. is crossing / strikes
31. _______ to come over for dinner tonight?
a. Do you want b. Are you wanting c. Have you wanted d. Will you want
32. What _______ at this time tomorrow?
a. will you do b. will you be doing c. will you have done d. will you have been doing
II. VERB CONJUGATION
Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets in the present simple or the present continuous tense.
1. I (have) __________ coffee for breakfast every day.
2. My brother (work) __________ in a shoe store this summer.
3. The student (look) ___________ up that new word now.
4. She (go) __________ to school every day.
5. We (do) __________ this exercise at the moment.
6. Miss Helen (read) ___________ a newspaper now.
7. It (rain) _____very much in the summer. It (rain)_____ now.
8. Bad students never (work) __________ hard.
9. He generally (sing) _______ in English, but today he (sing)_____ in Spanish.
10. We seldom (eat) __________ before 6.30.
11. She sometimes (buy) ___________ vegetables at his market.
12. Be quiet. The baby (sleep) ____________.
13. We always (do) ___________ our exercises carefully.
14. Look. A man (run) ________after the train. He (want) _______to catch it.
15. It (be) __________ very cold now.
Exercise 2: Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the simple past tense.
1. We (never watch) __________ that TV programme.
2. We (wacth) __________ a good programme on TV last night.
3. He (read) __________ that novel many times before.
4. He (read) __________ that novel again during my last vacation.
5. I (have) __________ a little trouble with my car last week.
6. However, I (have) __________ no trouble with my car since then.
7. I (not see) ______John for a long time. I (see) ______ him 3 weeks ago.
8. The school bell (ring) ________. We must go now.
9. I (meet) _________Mary last night. She (become) __________ a very big girl.
10. He is very thirsty. He (not drink) __________ since this morning.
11. It is very hot. Summer (come) __________.
12. They (study) __________ at this school for 7 years now.
13. They (begin) __________ to study at this school 7 years ago.

14. Since when (you know) ___________ her ?
15. How long ago (he start) __________ to learn French ?
16. She (lose) __________ her handbag on the train yesterday morning.
17. My mother (be) ________ in hospital for a long time and she cannot go home yet.
18. His dog (just run) __________ out of the garden.
19. Mr Brown (travel) __________ by air several times in the past.
20. He (travel) ___________ to Mexico by air last summer.
Exercise 3: Put the verbs in brackets in the present tenses.
1. I (be) __________ sorry. I (forget) __________ that fellows name already.
2. Jack (look) __________ forward to his vacation next June.
3. I (have) __________ no trouble with my english lessons up to now.
4. Mr and Mrs Brown (be) ___________ in New York for 2 months.
5. Michael (work) __________ 38 hours a week.
6. At present, that author (write) ___________ a novel.
7. George (do) __________ good work in this class so far.
8. The weather( generally, get) __________ hot in July .
9. You must wake her up. She (sleep) __________soundly for 10 hours.
10. Listen! I (think) __________ someone (knock) __________ at the front door.
11. How long (you learn) __________ English?
12. That student (know) __________ all the new words very well now.
13. Alice (lose) __________ her Vietnamese-English dictionary.
14. Fred (just, graduate) __________ from Oxford University.
15. The earth (circle) __________ the sun once every 365 days.
16. That grandfather clock (stand) __________ there for as long as I can remember.
17. That brown briefcase (belong) __________ to Dr.Rice.
18. Jim (work) __________ on his report this year.
19. Robert (wait) __________ for you since noon.
20. That museum (stand) ___________ here for centuries.
21. The sun (get) __________ very hot during the afternoon.
22. Tom (buy) ___________ a new car next week.
23. The boys and girls (go) ___________ home after this lesson.
24. Davis (play) __________ football every afternoon.
25. Up to the present, we (write) __________ almost every lesson in this book.
Exercise 4 : Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past continuous tense.
1. He (sit) __________ in a bar when I (see) __________ him.
2. When I (go) __________ out, the sun (shine) __________.
3. The light (go) __________ out while I (have) __________ tea.
4. When it (rain) __________ , she(carry) __________ an umbrella.
5. We (walk) __________ to the station when it (begin) __________ to rain.
6. He (teach) __________ English for 2 months when he (live) in Germany and (work) ________ as a journalist.
7. The house (burn) __________ fast, so we (break) __________ the window to get out.
8. He (eat) __________ three sandwiches while you (talk) __________ to him.
9. The servant (drop) __________ two cups while she (wash up) __________ last night; neither of them (break)
__________.
10. While I (write) ________ a letter, the telephone (ring) ________; as he (go) ________ to answer it, he (hear)
________ a knock on the door; the telephone (still, ring) ________ while he (walk) ________ to the door, but
just as he (open) _________ it, it (stop) __________.
UNIT 3: A PARTY
(INFINITIVE AND GERUND/ PASSIVE INFINITIVE AND GERUND)
I. Choose the best answer
1. A friend of mine phoned _______ me to a party.
a. for invite b. inviting c. to invite d. for inviting
2. I couldn't find John at the party last night. If we _______ him, wed have been very happy.
a. would meet b. met c. had met d. have met
3. Let's have a party to celebrate our third successive win, ________?
a. don't we b. do we c. will we d. shall we
4. My parents wouldn't _______ to the party.
a. allow me go b. allow me to go c. allow me going d. allow to go
5. We are going to have my house _______ tomorrow morning.
a. paint b. painting c. painted d. to be painted
6. We hope that the students themselves will enjoy ______ part in the projects.
a. to take b. taking c. to be taken d. being taken
7. Jim wishes he _______ Jane to his birthday party last night.
a. invited b. would invite c. have invited d. had invited
8. Sally's low test scores kept her from _______ to the university.
a. admitting b. to admit c. to be admitted d. being admitted
9. Are you sure you told me about the party? I don't recall _______ about it.
a. having told b. to have told c. having been told d. to have been told
10. I meant to get up early but I forgot _______ up my alarm clock.
a. wind b. to wind c. wind d. wound
11. Look at the state of the gate. It needs ________ as soon as possible.
a. to repair b. repairing c.being repaired d. be repaired
12. The painting was beautiful. I stood there ________ it for a long time.
a. for admiring b. being admired c. admire d. admiring
13. I had no ________ a place to live. In fact it was surprising easy.
a. difficulty to find b. difficulty finding c. difficulty when I find d. difficulty while finding
14. Alice didn't expect ________ to Bill's party.
a. asking b. being asked c. to ask d. to be asked
15. We asked ________ the piano so early in the morning, but she won't.
a. Marie to stop playing b. Marie stop to play c. that Marie stops playing d. Marie to stop to play
16. We had hardly sat down when she ________ plates of food for us.
a. brought b. has brought c. had brought d. would have brought
17. ________ Betty, I'm not surprised she won the prize.
a. To have known b. To know c. To be known d. Knowing
18. If only he ____ some help with the work instead of trying to do it alone!
a. will accept b. would accept c. may accept d. were accept
19. ________ the consequences, I would never have contemplated getting involved.
a. If I realised b. Had I realised c. Unless I realised d. When I had realised
20. A good teacher makes her students ________ the world from new perspectives.
a. to view b. view c. to be viewed d. viewing
21. I don't mind _______ late, if it will help at all.
a. to work b. to be work c. working d. being working
22. I remember _______ to the zoo when I was a child.
a. to take b. to be taken c. taking d. being talking
23. We managed _______ over the wall without ________.
a. to climb/ seeing b. climbing/ being seen c. to climb/ being seen d. to be climbed/ seeing
24. Isabel expected _______ to the university, but she wasn't.
a. to admit b. to be admitted c. admitting d. being admitted
25. The city council agreed _______ the architect's proposed design for a new parking garage.
a. to accept b. to be accepted c. accepting d. being accepted
26. The tin opener seems for _______ left-handed people.

a. to design b. to be designed c. designing d. being desigried
27. My parents appreciate _______ the thank-you note you sent them.
a. to receive b. to be received c. receiving d. being received
28. When the police first questioned him, Wayne denied _______ in the robbery.
a. to involve b. to be involved c. involving d. being involved
29. Many reliable methods of storing information tended _______ when computers arrived.
a. to forget b. to be forgotten c. forgetting d. being forgotten
30. The police warned everybody ______ inside with their windows closed.
a. to stay b. to be stayed c. staying d. being stayed
31. She resented _______ to make tea for everyone at the meeting.
a. to ask b. to be asked c. asking d. being asked
32. Let's leave early. We can't risk _____ in heavy traffic during rush hour.
a. to hold up b. to be held up c. holding up d. being held up
33. After their children had grown up, they decided _______ to a condominium in the city.
a. to move b. to be moved c. moving d. being moved
34. The new students hope _____ in many of the school's social activities.
a. to include b. to be included c. including d. being included
35. Does Dr Johnson mind _______ at home if his patients need his help?
a. to call b. to be called c. calling d. being called
II. Which verb form is CORRECT?
1. a. Passing the kitchen, he stopped drinking/ to drink a large glass of water.
b. They stopped talking/to talk when the teacher walked into the classroom.
2. a. Although she asked him to stop, he went on tapping/ to tap his pen on the table.
b. Dr Harris welcomed the members of the committee and went on introducing/ to introduce the subject of the
meeting.
3. a. I regret telling/ to tell you that the model you want is out of stock.
b. It cost me a fortune, 'but I don't regret spending/ to spend a year travelling around the world.
4. a. Remember checking/ to check your answer before handing in your exam paper.
b. I remember putting/ to put the money in the top drawer, but it's not there now.
5. a. Have you forgotten meeting/ to meet me years ago?
b. Don't forget finding out/ to find out how many people are coming on Saturday.
6. a. I tried getting/ to get the table through the door, but it was too big.
b. I tried taking/ to take some aspirin, but the pain didn't go away.
7. a. He needs working/ to work harder if he wants to make progress.
b. It's difficult problem. It needs thinking/ to think about very carefully.
8. a. I think Nick meant breaking/ to break that glass. It didn't look like an accident.
b. If we want to get there by 7.00, that means getting/ to get up before 5.00.
9. a. Can you help me getting/ to get the dinner ready?
b. He looks so funny. Whenever I see him, I can't help smiling/ to smile
10. a. I'd advise taking/ to take more exercise.
b. I'd advise you taking/ to take more exercise.
III. Put the verb into correct form infinitive, to-infinitive, or -ing.
1. You shouldn't let your children_______ (play) with matches. It's very easy_______ (catch) fire.
2. I enjoy______ (be) busy. I don't like it when there is nothing_____ (do)
3. Let's hurry! We must finish_______ (paint) the office before 3:00 today.
4. As we dont agree _______ (carry out) a proposal we generally avoid _______ (discuss) the subject.
5. I don't mind_______ (remind) you _______ (lock) the door but you'd better _______ (try) _______ (remember)
on your own.
6. Please stop_______ (interrupt) when I'm explaining something to you. You can_______ (ask) questions at the
end.
7. He admitted_______ (enter) the house but refused (steal) the money.
8. I don't really fancy_______ (spend) my whole holiday with your cousins. I'd rather _______ (spend) my time
with you.
9. We had hoped_______ (finish) the project by the end of the month but we keep_______ (delay) by changes in
the plans.
10. You'd better_______ (go) and see the boss and say what you've done. If you put off _______ (explain) it to her,
she'll only more annoyed.
11. No that's not what I meant______ (say). How can I make you _______ (understand)?
12. Those shirts need_______ (iron),but you dont need _______ (iron) them now.
13. Are we permitted_______ (bring) guests to the ceremony? I'd like _______ (invite) my friend to join us.
14. Children shouldn't be allowed_______ (catch) violent programs on TV. Parents should encourage their
children_______ (watch) educational programs.
15. It's no use _______ (try) ______ (persuade) her _______ (change) her mind. Spend your time _______ (do)
something more worthwhile.
IV. Complete the second sentence so that it has similar meaning to the first.
1. We expect the gorvernment to propose changes to the taxation system.
Changes to the taxation system _______________________________
2. He couldn't play well in the last match because of his injured knee.
His injured knee made ______________________________________
3. You can try to get Jim to lend you his car, but you won't succeed.
There's no point ___________________________________________
4. Supermarkets started to sell fresh pasta only in 1990s.
Fresh pasta ______________________________________________
5. He wished he had invited her to his birthday party.
He regretted ______________________________________________
6. Mastering a second language takes time and patience.
It _______________________________________________________
7. I prefer having dinner at home to going out for dinner.
I'd rather ________________________________________________
8. After four years abroad, Mr. Brown returned home as an excellent engineer.
After Mr. Brown ___________________________________________
9. It won't be difficult to get a ticket for the game.
You won't have any ________________________________________
10. Driving on the left is strange and difficult for Americans.
Americans aren't __________________________________________
UNIT 4: VOLUNTARY WORK

(GERUND AND PRESENT PARTICIPLE/ PERFECT GERUND AND PERFECT PARTICIPLE)
I. Sentence Combination: Using Participles to join sentences
1. I knew that he was poor. I offered to pay his fare.
2. We barricaded the windows. We assembled in the hall.
3. She became tired of my complaints about the programme. She turned it off.
4. He found no one at home. He left the house in a bad temper.
5. She hoped to find the will. She searched everywhere.
6. The criminal removed all traces of his crime. He left the building.
7. He realized that he had missed the last train. He began to walk.
8. He was exhausted by his work. He threw himself on his bed.
9. He had spent all his money. He decided to go home and ask his father for a job.
10. He escaped from prison. He looked for a place where he could get food.
11. She didn't want to hear the story again. She had heard it all before
12. They found the money. They began quarrelling about how to divide it.
13. She entered the room suddenly. She found them smoking.
14. I turned on the light. I was astonished at what I saw.
15. We visited the museum. We decided to have lunch in the park.
16. He offered to show us the way home. He thought we were lost.
17. He found his revolver. He loaded it. He sat down facing the door.
18. She asked me to help her. She realized that she couldn't move it alone.
19. He fed the dog. He sat down to his own dinner.
20. He addressed the congregation. He said he was sorry to see how few of them had been able to come.
II. Sentence Combination: Misrelated Participles
The boy, climbing the tree to get birds' eggs, had a bad fall.
Climbing the tree to get birds' eggs, the boy had a bad fall.
Climbing down the tree, one of the eggs broke.
1 When leaving a car in this car park the brakes must be left off.
2 Wading across the river, the current swept me off my feet.
3 When filling a tank with petrol naked lights should be extinguished.
4 Running into the room, a rug caught her foot and she fell.
5 Reading the letter a second time, the meaning becomes clearer.
6 When carrying a gun it should never be pointed at anyone.
7 When planting these flowers care must be taken not to damage the roots.
8 Riding in his first race, his horse fell at the last jump.
9 When paying by cheque, a bank card should be shown.
10 Knowing me to be the fool of the family, the news that I had won a scholarship astonished him.
11 Believing that his last hour had come, his hands began to tremble.
12 Passing under a ladder, a pot of paint fell on my head.
13 Reading in bed, my hands often get very cold.
14 Leaving the cinema, it seemed to him that the film had been exceptionally bad.
15 Barking furiously, I led the dog out of the room.
16 Having paid my taxes, the amount left in the bank is hardly worth mentioning.
17 Writing my name in the hotel register, a familiar voice attracted my attention.
18 Tied to a post, the sea was tossing the boat up and down.
19 Misunderstanding the question, the wrong answer was sent in.
20 Shining in the sky, we saw the first star.
21 When driving carelessly it is easy to have an accident.
22 Pinned to the door by a knife, the man saw a notice.
23 Written in large letters they read the words 'No Entry'.
24 While cleaning his gun it went off unexpectedly.
25 Wondering where to go. an advertisement caught my eye.
III. Choose the correct answer.

1. ______ for twelve hours, I felt marvelous.
a. Having slept b. have slept c. Having been slept d. have been slept
2. By the time their baby arrives, the Johnson hope ______ painting and decorating the new nursery.
a. having finished b. to have finished c. having been finished d. to have been finished
3. She's angry about ______ to the farewell party last night.
a. not having invited b. not to have invited
c. not having been invited d. not to have been invited
4. We decided not to travel, ______ the terrible weather forecast.
a. having heard b. to have heard c. having been heard d. to have been heard
5. I'd love ______ to the party, but it was impossible.
a. having gone b. to have gone b. having been gone d. to have been gone
6. I don't recall ______ him at the conference.
a. having seen b. to have seen c. having been seen d. to have been seen
7. ______ in dark colors, the room needed some bright lights.
a. Having painted b. To have painted c. Having been painted d. To have been painted
8. The stockbroker denied ______ of the secret business deal.
a. having informed b. to have informed c. having been informed d. to have been informed
9. They now regret ______ their son by providing too many material possessions.
a. having spoiled b. to have spoiled c. having been spoiled d. to have been spoiled
10. ______ to the party, we could hardly refuse to go.
a. Having invited b. To have invited c. Having been invited d. To have been invited
11. Tom made a bad mistake at work, but his boss didn't fire him. He's lucky ______ a second chance.
a. having given b. to have given c. having been given d. to have been given
12. Are you sure you told me? I don't recall ______ about it.
a. having told b. to have told c. having been told d. to have been told
13. I'm sure it's not my fault that Peter found out what we were planning.
I don't remember ______ anyone about it.
a. to tell b. being told c. having told d. to be told
14. The charity is appealing for volunteers ______ elderly patients to and from hospital.
a. to take b. taking c. taken d. who take
15. The building ______ the earthquake but then by a fire.
a. was survived - destroyed b. survived - was destroyed
c. survived - destroyed d. was survived - was destroyed
16. ______ by the boys' behaviour, she complained to the head teacher.
a. She annoyed b. Annoyed c. She was annoyed d. Annoying
17. 'Wait a minute,' said Frank, ______ through the door.
a. run b. runs c. running d. ran
18. ______ a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner.
a. Finding b. We found c. Found d. Having fauna
19. The children enjoyed ______ on fishing .trips.
a. taking b. to be taken c. being taken d. having taken
20. Stacey seems like a bright student. She's always the first ______ her work.
a. to finish b. finishing c. being finished d. to be finished
IV. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. The missing children were last seen ______ (play) near the river.
2. ______ (complete) the book, he had a holiday.
3. ______ (find) only in the Andes, the plant is used by local people to treat skin diseases.
4. The accident seems ______ (happen) at around 1.00 p.m yesterday.
5. Do something! Don't just sit there ______ (twiddle) your thumbs.
6. Last year I studied abroad. I appreciate ______ (have) the opportunity to live and study in a foreign country. .
7. ______ (look) down from the hill, the town spread out before us towards the coast.
8. Marta doesn't like to have her picture ______ (take). She avoids ______ (photograph).
9. I don't agree with ______ (smack) children if they do something wrong.
10. The book ______ (publish) last week is his first novel.
11. ______ (photocopy) all the papers, Sarah put them back in the file.
12. I found a coin ______ (lie) on the sidewalk.

13. Our mechanic said that he expects ______ (fix) the brake on the car before we pick it up.
14. Life must be unpleasant for people ______ (live) near busy airports.
15. ______ (park) the car about a kilometre from the stadium, I walked the rest of the way.
V. Choose the correct alternatives. Sometimes both are possible
1. He insisted to pay/ on paying for the meal.
2. The interviewer started off to ask/ by asking me why I wanted the job.
3. What am I going to do? I forgot bringing/ to bring my calculus text, and I need it for the review today.
4. I can clearly recall him saying/ his saving that he was meeting 'Sarah at eight o'clock.
5. Mrs Gates appreciated serving/ being served breakfast in bed when she wasn't feeling well.
6. You'd better save/ to save some money for a rainy day. You can't count on rescueing/ being rescued by your
parents every time you get into financial difficult.
7. Waiting/ Having waited six months for the washing machine being delivered/ to be delivered, I decided to
cancel/ cancelling the order.
8. By telephoning/ In telephoning every hour, she managed to speak/ speaking to the doctor.
9. The ticket enables you visiting/ to visit both the museum and the art gallery.
10. Watching/ Having watched television to the exclusion of all other activities is not a healthy habit for a growing
child.
11. Now I remember you ask/ your asking me to bring sandwiches to the picnic. Your complains about my
forgetting/ having forgotten things seem justified. I'm sorry.
12. No one could make Ted feel/ to feel afraid. He refused to intimidate/ to be intimidated by anyone.
13. The government plans to bring/ bringing in new laws forcing/ making parents to take more responsibility for the
education of their children.
14. When I was in the supermarket I noticed a man to take/ take some food off the shelf and hide it inside his coat.
15. I overheard her tell/ telling Jack that she was serious ill.
VI. Rewrite the sentences beginning with an appropriate participle (present, past or perfect).
1. When she saw the dog coming towards her, she quickly crossed the road.
____________________________________________________________
2. If it is looked after carefully, the plant can live through the winter.
____________________________________________________________
3. As I don't have a credit card, I found it difficult to book an airline ticket over the phone.
____________________________________________________________
4. Keith spent a lot of time filling in job application forms because he was unemployed.
____________________________________________________________
5. Because I was walking quickly, I soon caught up with her.
____________________________________________________________
6. The house was built of wood, so it was clearly a fire risk.
____________________________________________________________
7. I was eager to catch the bus in good time because I had been told off the day before for arriving late.
____________________________________________________________
8. She didn't know where the theater was, so she asked for directions at the hotel reception.
____________________________________________________________
9. As she was a nurse, she knew what to do after the accident.
____________________________________________________________
10. He had spent his childhood in Oslo so he knew the city well.
____________________________________________________________
11. The fruit was expensive because it was imported.
____________________________________________________________
12. We has spent nearly all our money so we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel.
____________________________________________________________
13. As we didn't want to offend him, we said nothing about his paintings.
____________________________________________________________
14. Although James is known mainly as a writer of novel, he has now written a successful biography.
____________________________________________________________
15. Although it had been hunted close to extinction, the rhino is once again common in this area.
____________________________________________________________
UNIT 5: ILLITERACY
(REPORTED SPEECH: IMPERATIVES)
y l cch thc thut li mt cu ra lnh (t cu trc tip sang cu gin tip)
Mi cu thut li c 2 phn:
+ Phn ni dung (nm trong ngoc kp): ... bt u bng mt ng t hoc dont + ng t:
Come in, Please come in, Dont come in
+ Phn gii thiu (nm ngoi ngoc kp) thng l ngi ni + ng t ra lnh (thng l say(s), said, tell(s), told
+ (to) ai )
Come in, he said
Please come in, he asked
Dont come in, he said to me
Mt s lu khi thut li:
1. a phn gii thiu ln trc phn ni dung
2. Phi c 3 yu t ngi ni + ng t ra lnh + ngi nghe
3. ng t ra lnh thng l Tell(s) ai hoc Told (ai) ( c bit nu ng t cho trc l say(s), said th phi
i l tell(s), told)
4. Thm TO trc ng t trong cu thut li
V d: Come in, he said : He told (me/her) to come in.
5. i Dont thnh Not to
V d: Dont come in, he said to me He told me not to come in
Trng hp cc cu dng cu k (Statements) nhng c thut li dng ra lnh
Loi cu ny c dng cu khng nh, ph nh hoc cu hi
' If I were you, I would phone him immediately'
'Would you like to have a cup of tea?'
'You must not enter this area without permission'
Cc cu dng ny vn c thut li theo cu trc
ngi ni + ng t ra lnh + ngi nghe + (not) to + V-inf
Khi thut li cc cu dng ny, iu cn thit l phi xc nh ng V-inf trong cu trc tip; ng t ra lnh
(TOLD) c th c thay bng mt ng t khc (ADVISED, BEGGED, RECOMMENDED, SUGGESTED) tu
theo ngha c th tng cu
' If I were you, I would phone him immediately'
He told me to phone him immediately (TOLD = ADVISED)
'Would you like to have a cup of tea?'
He told me to have a cup of tea (TOLD= INVITED)
'You must not enter this area without permission'
He told me not to enter that erea without permission (TOLD= ORDERED)
LU
Cc trng ng ch ni chn, thi gian vn phi c thay i
Nu cu c 2 mnh , th mnh cn li ( dng cu k) vn phi c li th
'Would you like to have lunch with me on Sunday?' he said to me
A. He asked me to have a lunch with me on Sundays
B. He invited me have a lunch with me on Sundays
C. He invited me to have a lunch with me on Sundays
D. He invited me to have a lunch with him on Sundays
EXERCISES
1. 'Would you like to have a cigarette?' said one of the guests
A. I invited one of the guests to like to have a cigarette
B. He invited one of the guests to like to have a cigarette
C. One of the guests invited me to have a cigarette
D. One of the guests invited me have a cigarette
2. 'Would you mind not smoking between courses?', said their hostess
A. I asked their hostess to mind not smoking between courses
B. Their hostess asked me to mind not smoking between courses
C. Their hostess asked them not to smoke between courses
D. Their hostess reminded them not to smoke between courses
3. 'Take these letters to the post, will you?' , said the boss
A. The boss asked me to take these letters to the post
B. The boss requested me to take these letters to the post
C. The boss requested me to take those letters to the post
D. The boss suggested me to take those letters to the post
4. 'If I were you I would try to get a room on the top floor', he said
A. He said he would try to get a room on the top floor if he were me
B. He suggested getting a room on the top floor
C. He advised me to try to get a room of the top floor
D. He suggested taking a room on the top floor
5. 'I will wait for you if you like', she said
A. She offered to wait for me if I liked
B. She offered me to wait for her if I liked
C. She suggested waiting for me if I liked
D. She suggested me waiting for her if I liked
6. 'Remember to switch off when you have finished', he said
A. He said to remember to switch off when I had finished
B. He told me to remember to switch off when I had finished
C. He reminded me to switch off when I had finished
D. He reminded me to switch off when he had finished
7. 'You had better apologize for being late,' said my mother
A. My mother advised me to apologize for being late
B. My mother said to me I had better apologize for being late
C. My mother said she had better apologize for being late
D. I told my mother she had better apologize for being late
8. 'Could you check the oil, please,' I asked the mechanic
A. I asked the mechanic if he could check the oil please
B. The mechanic asked me if I could check the oil
C. I asked the mechanic to check the oil
D. I ordered the mechanic to check the oil
9. ''You must see this exhibition!', said all my friends
A. My friends ordered me to see that exhibition
B. My friends begged me to see that exhibition
C. My friends insisted me on seeing that exhibition
D. My friends strongly advised me to see that exhibition
1. 'Would you like to have lunch with me on Sunday?' he said to me (INVITED)
2. 'Would you like to have a cigarette?' said one of the guests (OFFERED)
3. 'Would you mind not smoking between courses?', said their hostess (ASKED)
4. 'Take these letters to the post, will you? And shut the door as you go out', said the boss (TOLD)
5. 'Will you help me, please?', she said, 'I cannot reach the top shelf' (ASKED)
6. 'This is a horrible room. Why dont you ask for something better?', he said (ADVISED)
7. 'If I were you I would try to get a room on the top floor', he said (ADVISED)
8. 'I will wait for you if you like', she said (OFFERED)
9. 'Remember to switch off when you have finished', he said (REMINDED)
10. 'You might check these figure for me', he said (ASKED)
11. 'You had better apologized for being late,' said my mother (ADVISED)
12. 'Could you check the oil, please,' I asked the mechanic (ASKED)
13. 'Why don't you go by train? It 's much less tiring than driving,' I said (ADVISED)
14. Hotel notice: Will guests please not play radios loudly after midnight? (ASKED)
15. 'Would you like to wait here?' said the receptionist (ASKED)
16. 'You must see this exhibition!', said all my friends (STRONGLY ADVISED)
17. 'I should plant the daffodils, if I were you', I said to them (ADVISED)
18. 'If you would just sign the back of the cheque,' said the bank clerk (ASKED)
19. ' I would be grateful if you would forward my letters while I am away,' he said (ASKED)
20. Police announcement: Will anyone who saw this accident please get in touch with their nearest police station?
(ASKED)
21. 'Don't leave your room at night,' he said. 'Our host's dogs might mistake you for a burglar (WARNED)
22. 'Answer this letter for me, will you?' he said. 'And remember to keep a copy' (TOLD/ REMINDED)
23. 'Would you mind moving your car?' he said. 'It is blocking my gate' (ASKED)
24. 'If you will kindly sit down, the fortune-teller will be with you in a moment', the girl said (ASKED)
25. 'I should plant the daffodils, if I were you', I said to them (ADVISED)
26. you would just sign the back of the cheque,' said the bank clerk (ASKED)
27. ' I would be grateful if you would forward my letters while I am away,' he said (ASKED)
28. Police announcement: Will anyone who saw this accident please get in touch with their nearest police
station?(ASKED)
29. 'Don't leave your room at night,' he said. 'Our host's dogs might mistake you for a burglar (WARNED)
30. 'Answer this letter for me, will you?' he said. 'And remember to keep a copy' (TOLD/ REMINDED)
31. 'Would you mind moving your car?' he said. 'It is blocking my gate' (ASKED)
32. 'If you will kindly sit down, the fortune-teller will be with you in a moment', the girl said (ASKED)
I. Sentence Combination: Using Participles to join sentences
1. Illiterate people lack the basic reading and writing skills .... in everyday life.
A. to require B. requiring C. that require D. required
2. Illiteracy rates .... in recent years.
A. fell B. have fallen C. was falling D. had fallen
3. She was the first in her family .... a college education.
A. get B. getting C. to get D. gotten
4. They asked .... our bags outside the exam room.
A. to leave B. us to leave C. we leave D. us leaving
5. Before the meeting finished they arranged when .... next.
A. they met B. they to meet C. should they meet D. to meet
6. Nobody yet knew what .... to cause the dam to burst.
A. happens B. to happen C. had happened D. did it happen
7. The weather report says that .... ten inches of snow tomorrow.
A. may be there are B. there might be C. there may be D. we maybe have
8. Please ask the restaurant clientele .... in the no smoking area.
A. not to smoke B. not smoking C. don't smoke D. not smoke
9. 'You got home late last night.' 'The Morgan insisted .... for dinner.'
A. on our staying B. for us to stay C. that we were staying D. about us staying
10. .... in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A. Founding B. Founded C. Being founded D. It was founded
11. Twenty-five people _______ killed in that traffic accident.
A. reported to be B. are reporting to be C. are reported being D. are reported to be
12. The woman said she _______ in this village for over fifty years.
A. has been living B. was living C. had been living D. lives
13. US scientists claim that they _______ a new vaccine against malaria.
A. developed B. have developed C. had developed D. was developing
14. The lecturer recommended ______ a number of books before the exam.
A. reading B. to read C. us reading D. to have read
15. Jane appears _______ some weight. Has she been ill?
A. having lost B. having been lost C. to have lost D. to have been lost
16. If you saw a lawyer, he'd advise you _______ legal action.
A. take B. taking C. to take D. for taking
17. Hardly _______ to the bus-stop when the bus suddenly pulled away.
A. did they get B. they had got C. they got D. had they got
18. By the time you return here next week, we _______ the project.
A. will have finished B. has finished C. will finish D. will be finishing
19. We are going to get our house _______ next week.
A. painting B. to paint C. painted D. to be painted
20. He advised me _______ anything about it for the time being.
A. didn't do B. not do C. don't do D. not to do
II. Report each sentence using the verbs below and a to-infinitive clause. Use each verb once only. If
necessary, add an appropriate object after the verb.
advise agree ask call on propose hope order
urge volunteer warn remind invite threaten offer
promise
1. 'If I were you, I'd read the exam questions very carefully.
He ................................................................................................................
2. 'Be quiet!'
He ................................................................................................................
3. 'The theater will be built next to' the town hall.'
They ..............................................................................................................
4. 'Okay, I'll collect David from school.'

He ................................................................................................................
5. 'Please stay for a few more days.'
She ..............................................................................................................
6. TH fight the ban on smoking in public places.'
He ................................................................................................................
7. 'I imagine I'll see Olivia at the party.'
He ................................................................................................................
8. 'Can you lend me ten pounds?'
He ................................................................................................................
9. 'The government should do more to help the homeless.'
He ................................................................................................................
10. 'I'll take the children into town.'
He ................................................................................................................
11. 'Don't swim out too far, boys.'
He ..................................................................................................................
12. 'Don't forget to go to the supermarket after work.'
She ..............................................................................................................
13. 'Would you like to come on a picnic with us, Jane?'
He ................................................................................................................
14. 'If you can't find anyone else, I'll drive you to the airport.'
He ................................................................................................................
15. 'I won't give you the money back if you keep on at me.'
He ................................................................................................................
III. Underline the correct verb. If either is possible, underline them both.
1. The committee agreed/ suggested to postpone the meeting until 11th August.
2. Emma insisted/ said that we should bring the children along.
3. The prime minister insisted/ wanted to discuss transport policy in the interview.
4. She said/ offered that she would call me back.
5. He expected/ advised to leave at 5.30 in the morning.
6. He claimed/ proposed that the subject of holiday pay should be raised at the next meeting.
7. The shop has guaranteed/ has promised that it will deliver the chairs by the end of the week.
8. She offered/ suggested to wait for the children to get ready.
9. Terry wanted/ suggested that I should stand in the student elections.
10. She refused/ requested that her brother should be invited too.
11. He longed/ promised to go back home and see his parents.
12. She promised/ volunteered that she would collect the children from school today.
IV. Complete the sentences with the appropriate phrases, using a clause beginning with a to-infinitive
clause or an -ing form of a verb.
leave the motorway at junction 3 buy a guide book
read through our notes do more exercise
reduce bus and train fares look after the children
listen to the BBC World Service go to the doctor
go for a long walk build it to the east of the city
1. To find my way around London; Les suggested ..........................
2. To encourage people to use public transport the council proposed ....................
3. I'd been feeling unwell for a few days and my mother advised ..........................
4. I've putting on weight and my doctor has recommended ..........................
5. To avoid the road works, police have advised ..........................
6. She was going abroad for two weeks and I promised ..........................
7. To help us prepare for the exam, the teacher advised us ..........................
8. To improve her English pronunciation, the teacher recommended her ................
9. London urgently needs a new airport, and the government proposes ................
10. It was a lovely morning and Emma suggested ..........................
V. Report these sentences. Choose the most appropriate reporting verb in
parentheses. Make it active or passive as appropriate.
1. The teacher said to Jim, 'Would you give your book to Mary, please?' (ask/ Tell/ order)
The teacher ..................................................................................

2. The sign said, 'No parking in this area. Violators will be towed away.' (invite/ warn/ force)
Drivers..................................................................................
3. The fire chief said, 'Everyone must leave the building immediately.' (order/ remind/ allow)
Everyone ..................................................................................
4. Before Bobby went to bed, his father said, 'Don't forget to brush your teeth.' (invite/ allow/ remind)
Before Bobby went to bed, his father ......................................................
5. The teacher said to the students, 'You will have exactly one hour to complete the exam.' (order/ expect/ warn) .
The students ..................................................................................
6. My garage mechanic said, 'You should get a tune-up every 5,000 miles.' (ask/ order/ advise)
My garage mechanic ..............................................................................
7. The factory manager said to the employees, 'Do not come late. If you do, you will lost your jobs.' (ask/ warn/
encourage)
The employees ..................................................................................
8. The sign on the side door says, 'Do not enter,' so we have to use a different door. (ask/ permit/ force)
Nobody ..................................................................................
9. The judge said to the defendant, 'You must not shout in the courtroom again.' (ask/ order/ encourage)
The defendant ..................................................................................
10. My parents often said to me, 'Good for you! It's good to be independent!' (remind/ require/ encourage)
My parents ..................................................................................
VII. Write the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first.
1. Just when he arrived at the station, the train was starting to move.
Hardly ..............................................................................................
2. Let's go for a walk. We've been working all day.
John suggested ......................................................................................
3. The cake was so hard that I could not eat it.
It was ..............................................................................................
4. 'You'd better not waste your time, Betty,' Tom said.
Tom ..............................................................................................
5. I am sorry that I didn't invite her to my party last night.
I regret ..............................................................................................
6. Mike's father is going to fix the ball for him next week.
Mike ..............................................................................................
7. It is at Mr. Foster's request that I'm writing this letter to you.
Mr Foster ..............................................................................................
8. The cost of living has gone up considerably in the last few years.
There has been ......................................................................................
9. I expect that they will get there by lunch time.
I expect them ........................................................................................
10. I'm sorry I couldn't come to your birthday party last Sunday, John.
Mary apologizes ........................................................................................
UNIT 6: WORLD POPULATION

CONDITIONALS and REPORTED CONDITIONALS
A. CONDITIONALS
Thng bt u bng lin t ch iu kin nh if, unless, provided that, once, as long as, on the condition
that (nu, min l, vi iu kin l, tr phi). Cc lin t ny dng dn nhp cc mnh ph ch iu kin
V d: If it is fine tomorrow, I will go for a picnic.
Ngha: Min l (if, provided that, on the condition that, as long as)
Tr phi (unless).
C 3 loi cu iu kin chnh
Cu iu kin loi 1 (Conditional Type 1): dng ch mt kh nng c th xy ra hin ti:
If + S + V1, S + will/can + V-inf
V d: If it is fine tomorrow, we will go for a picnic.
Loi bi tp bin i: Cu cho sn s c lin t OR
V d: Be careful or you will make the same mistake again.
If you are careful, you will not make the same mistake again.
hoc If you are not careful, you will make the same mistake again.
Cu iu kin loi 2 (Conditional Type 2): dng ch mt iu kin khng c thc hoc mt kh nng khng
c th xy ra hin ti:
If + S + V2, S + would/could + V-inf
V d: If I were you, I would go for a picnic
Nu ti l bn, ti s i d ngoi (tt nhin ti khng phi l bn)
Loi bi tp bin i: Cu cho sn s c lin t BECAUSE, SO
V d: She is too young, so she can have a job now.
If she were old(er), she would/could have a job now.
hoc If you were not too young, she would/could have a job now
Cu iu kin loi 3 (Conditional Type 3): dng ch mt iu kin khng c thc hoc mt kh nng khng
c th xy ra qu kh:
If + S + had V3, S + would/could have + V3
V d: If it had been fine yesterday, we would have gone for a picnic
Loi bi tp bin i: Cu cho sn s c lin t BECAUSE, SO
V d: She was ill yesterday, so she didnt go to school
If you had been well yesterday, she would have gone to school
hoc If you had not been ill yesterday, she would have gone to school
Mt s lu :
+ Khi vit li mt cu iu kin (c bit l loi 2, 3) ta phi
Li th: Cu cho Hin ti cu iu kin vit li Qu kh.
Cu cho Qu kh cu K vit li Qu kh hon thnh.
i th Cu cho khng nh cu iu kin ph nh (thm NOT) hoc tri ngha (ill not ill
hoc well).
PHN BI TP
I. Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence:
1) If that hat costs much, I (would have bought/will buy/bought/would buy) a small one.
2) It (will be/would be/were/been) quicker if you use a computer.
3) If we have some eggs, I (made/makes/will make/would make) you a cake.
4) If I spoke English, my job (was/were/will be/would be) a lot easier.
5) If I (make/makes/made/had made) that mistake again, my teacher will get angry with me.
6) I will lend them some money if they (ask/will ask/asked/had asked) me.
7) If I knew his address, I (go/will go/would go/went) round and see him.
8) The kitchen will look better if we (have/had/had had/would have) red curtains.
9) If I (had/had had/will have/have) enough money, I would buy a house.
10) They (wont let/not let/wouldnt let/hadnt let) you in if you come late.
11) If you (not go/dont go/hadnt gone/didnt go) away, Ill send for a policeman.
12) If I (were/am/be/was) in your place, I would accept Mr. Andersons invitation.
13) If I (win/had won/won/winning) a big prize in a lottery, Id give up my job.

14) If I (is/am/was/were) you, I (will tell/told/would tell/would have told) the truth.
15) My dog will bark if it (hear/hears/heard/had heard) any strange sound.
16) Hes waiting for his mother to come back from Chicago. If his mother (come/comes/will come/came) home, he
(will has/will have/has/had) a lot of presents.
17) What (would/will/did/had) we do if they do not come tomorrow?
18) If I had enough time now, I (would write/write/will write/wrote) to my parents.
19) Its too bad Helen isnt here. If she (is/was/were/are) here, she (will know/knows/would know/would have known)
what to do.
20) If I dont eat breakfast tomorrow morning, I (will get/got/would get/had got) hungry during class.
21) If she (come/comes/came/had come) late again, shell lose her job.
22) Ill let you know if I (find/finds/found/had found) out whats happening.
23) If we (live/lived/would live/had lived) in a town, life would be better.
24) Im sure he wouldnt mind if we (arrive/arriving/arrived/had arrived) early.
25) We (will phone/would phone/phoned/had phoned) you if we have time.
26) If I won the lottery, I (gave/had given/will give/would give) you half the money.
27) It (will/would/can/may) be a pity if she married Fred.
28) If Im free on Saturday, I (to go/could go/went/can go) to the mountains.
29) She (will has/had/will have/have) a nervous breakdown if she goes on like this.
30) I know Ill feel better if I (will stop/stopped/stop/had stopped) smoking.
31) If I (am/were/will be/had been) you, I would help him.
II.Choose the best sentence which has the same meaning as the given one)
1. You didnt tell me earlier. Thats why I didnt give it to you can be rewritten as_______
A. I wouldnt have given it to you if you hadnt told me earlier.
B. I would havent given it to you if you had told me earlier.
C. I would have given it to you if you had told me earlier.
D. Had you told me earlier, I wouldnt have given it to you .
2. Peter eats so many chips so he is fat can be rewritten as____________
A. If Peter not ate so many chips, he wouldnt be fat.
B. If Peter ate so many chips, he would be fat.
C. If Peter didnt eat so many chips, he wouldnt be fat.
D. If Peter werent fat, he would have eaten so many chips.
3. Do more homework or you wont pass the exam can be rewritten as____________
A.If you do more homework , you will pass the exam.
B. If you do more homework , you wont pass the exam.
C. If you pass the exam , you will do more homework .
D. If you dont more homework , you wont pass the exam.
4. Sarah doesnt study hard. She hates school can be rewritten as____________
A. If Sarah hated school, she would study hard.
B. If Sarah studied hard, she wouldnt hate school.
C. If Sarah liked school, she would study hard.
D. If Sarah studied hard, she would like school.
5. He didnt hurry, so he missed the train can be rewritten as____________
A.If he had hurried, he wouldnt have missed the train.
B. If he had hurried, he would have caught the train.
C. Had he hurried, he would have caught the train.
D. All are correct.
6. I cant translate this. I dont speak Korean can be rewritten as____________
A. If I didnt speak Korean, I couldnt translate this.
B. If I spoke Korean, I could translate this.
C. If I translated this, I could speak Korean .
D. If I didnt translate this, I couldnt speak Korean.
7. Prepare the lesson carefully or you will get bad marks can be rewritten as____________
A. If you dont prepare the lesson carefully, you will get bad marks.
B. If you prepare the lesson carefully, you wont get bad marks.
C. If you prepare the lesson carefully, you will get good marks.
D. All are correct.
8. He looses his job because he is late every day can be rewritten as____________
A.If he had been late every day, he would have lost his job.
B. If he hadnt been late every day, he wouldnt have lost his job.
C. If he hadnt been late every day, he would have lost his job.
D. If he werent late every day, he wouldnt loose his job.
9. He is tired. He works twelve hours a day can be rewritten as____________
A. He wouldnt be tired if he didnt work twelve hours a day.
B. He would be tired if he worked twelve hours a day.
C. He wouldnt work twelve hours a day if he were tired.
D. He would work twelve hours a day if he werent tired.
III.Error recognition:
1. I shouldnt drink that wine if I am you.
2. Im playing tennis tomorrow if its raining.
3. I dont have a degree. If I have it, I would get a good job.
4. We would have enjoy the party better if it hadnt been so long.
5. If I knew that you were ill last week, I would have gone to see you.
6. If you slept under a mosquito net, you would be bitten so often.
7. If we go out , we wont miss that programme on TV.
8. You can smoke in my room unless you leave a window open to let the smoke out.
9. If I had known his address Id give it to you.
10. If someone gave you a helicopter what you would do with it?
IV. Vit li cc cu cho di y theo gi
1. The music was playing loudly at the restaurant, so I didnt hear everything Mr. Lee said during the dinner.
If_______________________________________________________________________
2. Debra doesnt have car. She doesnt go out in the evening.
If_______________________________________________________________________
3. My husband didnt leave the car keys, so I couldnt pick him up at the station.
If_______________________________________________________________________
4. He is overweight. He eats too much.
If_______________________________________________________________________
5. If Robert had not started smoking cigarettes, he would not have got a bad cough.
Unless_______________________________________________________________________
6. The test is too difficult for me to finish .
If_______________________________________________________________________
7. They dont travel far a lot. They are afraid of flying.
If_______________________________________________________________________
8. Susan felt sick because she ate four cream cakes.
If_______________________________________________________________________
9. They dont read a lot. They cant find the time.
If_______________________________________________________________________
10. We would get lost if we didnt have a map.
Unless_______________________________________________________________________
11. I was able to buy the car only because Hoa lent me the money.
If_______________________________________________________________________
12. Keep silent or you wake the baby up.
If_______________________________________________________________________
13. I wasnt hungry, so I didnt eat anything.
If_______________________________________________________________________
14. The room would not be cold if they didnt leave the door open.
Unless_______________________________________________________________________
15. I didnt know that Lam had to get up early, so I didnt wake him.
If_______________________________________________________________________
16. I did not get a taxi because I did not have any money on me.
If_______________________________________________________________________
17. Unless the thief had left his gloves at the scene, he wouldnt have been arrested.
If_______________________________________________________________________
18. I didnt know you were coming to Hanoi. Thats I went on holiday.
If_______________________________________________________________________
19. Unless you hurry up you will be late for the meeting.
If_______________________________________________________________________
20. She walked to the meeting. She was late.
If_______________________________________________________________________
21. The women didnt say what she wanted. I put the phone down.
If_______________________________________________________________________
22. They didnt arrive in time. They didnt see the ceremony.
If_______________________________________________________________________
23. A bull was blocking the road, so we didnt arrive on time.
If_______________________________________________________________________
24. If you dont send the application form on time, you wont be allowed to take the entrance exam.
Unless_______________________________________________________________________
25. They werent paying attention, so we didnt see the sign marking their exit from the highway.
If_______________________________________________________________________
26. Carol would have answered the phone if she hadnt been studying.
Unless_______________________________________________________________________
27. The sun was shining, so we went to the beach yesterday.
If_______________________________________________________________________
28. If you dont have a reference letter, you wont be able to submit your application form.
Unless_______________________________________________________________________
29. I wasnt working at the restaurant last night. I didnt wait on your table.
If_______________________________________________________________________
30. You wont know what to do unless you listen carefully.
If_______________________________________________________________________
UNIT 6: WORLD POPULATION

CONDITIONALS and REPORTED CONDITIONALS
B. REPORTED CONDITIONALS
Mt s lu :
- Khi thut li cu iu kin, nn a mnh chnh ln trc (nu mnh chnh bt u bng mt ng
t th ta thut li theo dng ra lnh (not to + Vinf))
- Vn i NGI, TH, v TRNG T (cu iu kin loi 2, loi 3: ch i NGI v TRNG T)
1. If you find a skeleton in the cellar don't mention it to anyone, he said

2. If you pass your examination we will have a celebration, he said
3. What will happen if I press this button? , he said
4. I should have voted for her if I had had a vote then, he said
5. If you go to Paris where will you stay? , he said
6. If someone offered to buy you one of those rings, which would you choose? , he said
7. The flight may be cancelled if the fog gets thick, he said
8. If the milkman comes, tell him to leave two pints, he said
9. Someone will sit on your glasses if you leave them there, he said
10. You would play better bridge if you did not talk so much, he said
11. What will I do if I hear the burglar alarm? , he said
12. If you had read the instructions carefully, you wouldn't have answered the wrong question, he said
13. I could repair the roof myself if I had a long ladder, he said
14. Unless they turn that radio off I will go mad, he said
15. If you were made redundant what would you do? , he said
16. We'll have a long way to walk if we run out of petrol here, he said
17. If you shake that bottle of port it will not be fit to drink, he said
18. I'll probably get lost unless he comes with me, he said
19. You would not have so many accidents if you drove more slowly, he said
20. If you had worn a false beard nobody would have recognized you, he said
21. If she leaves the fish there the car will get it, he said
22. Unless they leave a lamp beside that hole in the road, somebody will fall into it, he said
23. You'll get pneumonia if you do not change your wet clothes, he said
24. If I had known that you couldn't eat octopus I would not have bought it, he said
25. If they hung that picture lower people would be able to see it, he said
26. She would be able to walk faster if her shoes hadn't such high heels, he said
27. I would have brought you some beer if I had known that you were thirsty, he said
28. If you had touched that electric cable you would have been electrocuted, he said
29. If the story hadn't been true the newspaper would not have printed it, he said
30. I would not buy things on the installment system if I were you, he said
31. Dial 999 if you want Police, Ambulance, or Fire Brigade, he said
32. You will not be any use to me unless you learn to type, he said
33. If anyone attacked me, my dog would jump at his throat, he said
34. If he were in, he would answer the phone, he said
35. The ship would have run aground if the pilot had made one mistake, he said
36. I shouldn't have taken your umbrella if I had known that it was the only one you had, he said
UNIT 8: CELEBRATIONS
Pronouns ONES, SOMEONE, ANYONE, NO ONE, EVERYONE
A. Phn bit cc i t phim nh Everyone, someone, anyone v No one
1. Phn bit everyone v every one:
- Everyone (hoc everybody) c dng ch nhiu ngi v khng bao gi c of theo sau.
V d:
Everyone knows who stole it, but theyre all afraid to tell anyone. (Mi ngi u bit ai n trm th , nhng
khng ai dm ni ra).
- Cn every one c ngha l mi ngi hay mi vt, v thng c of theo sau.
V d:
Every one of my familys members is also my darling. (Mi thnh vin trong gia nh u l ngi thn yu ca
ti).
2. Cch s dng ca cc t anyboby, everybody v somebody:
Anyboby, everybody v somebody lun i vi ng t s t v thng c theo sau bng mt i t
(pronoun) s nhiu. Nhng mt s trng hp trong vn ni v vn vit c tnh cht trang trng th i t i sau c
th s t.
V d:
Has everyone finished their dinner (Mi ngi n ti xong cha)?
Somebody lost his wallet (C ngi no mt v) Somebody, someone, anybody, anyone etc
3. Phn bit Some- v any-
Cc cu to t vi some- thng c s dng trong mnh khng nh.
Cc cu to t vi any- thng c s dng trong cc mnh ph nh v nghi vn.
V d:
Did anybody come? (KHNG DNG Did somebody come?)
There is something under the bed. (KHNG DNG There is anything under the bed.)
I dont want to buy anything too expensive.
Everybody, anybody, somebody etc thng c s dng vi ng t s t.
Everybody needs to be loved. (KHNG DNG Everybody need to be loved.)
Somebody has let the cat in. (KHNG DNG Somebody have let the cat in.)
Somebody v some people
B. Bi tp
Exercise 1: Insert some or any, making the appropriate compounds if necessary.
1. There's _______ milk in that jug.
2. She wanted _______ stamps but there weren't _______ in the machine.
3. I'm afraid there isn't _______ coffee left; will you grind _______ ?
4. Is there _______ one here who speaks Italian?
5. I'd like to buy _______ new clothes but I haven't _______ money.
6. There's _______ gin in the cupboard but there aren't _______ glasses.
7. They can't have _______ more strawberries; I want _______ to make jam.
8. _______ one I know told me _______ of the details.
9. Have you _______ idea who could have borrowed your bicycle?
10. I saw hardly _______ one I knew at the party, and I didn't get _______ thing to drink.
11. When would you like to come? ~ _______ day would suit me.
12. Are there _______ letters for me?
13. Don't let _______ one in. I'm too busy to see _______ body.
14. _______ thing tells me you've got _______ bad news for me.
15. I can't see my glasses _______ where.
16. We didn't think he'd succeed but he managed _______ how.
17. You're looking very miserable; has _______ thing upset you?
18. If you had _______ sense you wouldn't leave your car unlocked.
19. Scarcely _______ one was wearing a dinner jacket.
20. _______ one who believes what Jack says is a fool.
21. She put her handbag down _______ where and now she can't find it.
22. Will you have _______ pudding or _______ fruit?

23. Haven't you got _______ friends in Rome? I feel sure you mentioned them once.
24. Haven't you got _______ friends here? You should join a club and get to know people.
26 I see you haven't _______ maps. Would you like to borrow _______ of mine?
27 _______ one can tell you how to get there. (Everyone knows the way.)
28 Come and have supper with us if you aren't doing _______ thing tonight.
29 I... how imagined the house would be much larger.
30 All the salaries are being paid much later now; it's _______ thing to do with the computer.
Exercise 2: Complete the sentences, using someone, anyone, something, anything, somewhere, anywhere
1 I was too surprised to say__________
2 Theres__________ at the door. Can you go and see who it is
3 Does__________ mind if I open the window?
4 I wasnt feeling hungry, so I didnt eat__________
5 You must be hungry, so I didnt eat__________
6 Quick, lets go! Theres__________ coming and I dont want__________ to see us
7 Sarah was upset about__________ and refused to talk to__________
8 This machine is very easy to use. __________ can learn to use it very quickly
9 There was hardly__________ on the beach. It was almost deserted
10 Do you live__________ near Joe? No, he lives in another part of town
11 Where shall we go on holiday? Lets go__________ warm and sunny
12 They stay at home all the time. They never seem to go__________
13 Im going out. If__________ phones while Im out, can you tell them Ill be back at 11.30?
14 Why are you looking under the bed? Have you lost__________?
15 The police have asked that__________ who saw the accident should contact them
16 Can I ask you__________? Sure. What do you want to ask?
17 Sue is very secretive. She never tells__________ to __________
Exercise 3: Complete the sentences, using No, None, or Any
1 It was a public holiday, so there were__________ shops open
2 I havent got__________ money. Can you lend me some?
3 We had to walk home because there were__________ taxis
4 We had to walk home because there werent__________ taxis
5 How many eggs have we got? __________. Do you want me to get some?
6 We took a few photographs, but__________ of them were very good.
7 What a stupid thing to do! __________ intelligent person would do such a thing
8 Ill try and answer__________ questions you asked me.
9 I couldnt answer__________ of the questions they asked me
10 We cancelled the party because__________ of the people we invited were able to come
11 I tried to phone Chris, but there was__________ answer
Exercise 4: Complete the sentences, using nobody, anybody, nothing, anything, nowhere, anywhere
1 I dont want__________ to drink. Im not thirsty
2 The bus was completely empty. There was__________ on it
3 Where did you go for your holidays? __________. I stayed at home
4 I went to the shops, but I didnt buy__________
5 What did you buy? __________. I couldnt find__________ I wanted
6 The town is still the same as it was years ago. __________ has changed
7 Have you seen my watch? I cant find it__________
8 There was complete silence in the room. __________ said__________
9 She didnt tell__________ about her plans
10 The accident looked serious, but fortunately__________ was badly injured
11 I looked out of the window, but I couldnt see__________ out there.
12 My job is easy. __________ could do it
13 Whats in that box? __________. Its empty
14 The situation is uncertain. __________ could happen
15 I dont know__________ about economics
UNIT 9: THE POST OFICE

Revision of RELATIVE CLAUSES
A. L THUYT
I. EMPHATIC FORM (hnh thc nhn mnh)
Its......that....: chnh .... (m).
Ch dng i t quan h that sau hnh thc nhn mnh It is(was) .... m thi
Example: It was he that killed the lion
It is the book that helps me a lot.
II. RELATIVE PRONOUNS AND ADJECTIVE CLAUSES (i t quan h v mnh tnh ng)
Definition:
Mnh quan h bt u bng mt i t quan h
N lm cng vic ca mt tnh t nn gi l mnh ph tnh ng (adjective clause)
Example: He has bought an English book which is very expensive.
(gii thch, lm r ngha cho t, cm t)

He has bought an English book: Mnh chnh
Which is very expensive: Mnh quan h
Which: relative pronoun.
An English book: antecedent(tin v ng).
i t quan h c cc hnh thc:
Antecedent Subject Object Possessive case
Ngi Who/that Whom/that whose
Vt Which/that Which/that Whose/of which
Lu : THAT c th dng cho c ngi v vt (xem c th phn cch s dng THAT)
Trng t quan h c cc hnh thc:
WHERE : in which, in the place , at that place
WHEN : on the day, at that time
WHY : for the reason
Example: - I dont know the reason why she is absent today.
- She couldnt remember the place where she was born.
- She couldnt remember the day when she left Kontum
Cch dng:
1. WHO: Hnh thc ch ng khi tin v ng ca n l ting ch ngi.
This is the man who teaches me English.
The woman who wrote this book a famous writer.
2. WHOM(hay WHO): hnh thc tn ng khi tin v ng ca n ch ngi.
She is the girl whom I met yesterday.
+ Nu whom lm tn ng cho mt gii t, ta c th a gii t ra trc whom. Trong trng hp ny khng
c dng that.
Example: I spoke to the man. The man is very happy.
Ni hai cu trn bng cch dng i t quan h c gii hn t.
The man to whom I spoke is very happy.
3. WHICH : Hnh thc chung cho c ch ng ln tn ng.
Example: 1. Can you see the horse which won the race?(ch ng).
2. The story which I have just read is very interesting.(Tn ng)
4. WHOSE (ca )
Whose thay th cho ngi v lm tn ng cho danh t lin sau n ch quyn s hu.
Whose dng thay th cho cc tnh t s hu ( my, your, his, her, our, their) v cc danh t ch hu trong
s hu cch:
Example: 1.He met the girl. Her eyes were blue. He met the girl whose eyes were blue.
2. I fixed the table. Its legs were broken.
I fixed the table whose legs were broken. or I fixed the table the legs of which were broken.
5. THAT
Dng trong trng hp cm t thay th:
1. l mt tp hp ngi ln vt
The girl and the cat that are running under the rain are bound to get soaked.
2. nm trng thi so snh nht (ngoi tr trng hp the first, the second, the last)
The most interesting story that I've ever read is "The Godfather".
The last person who remains on the stage will be the winner.
3. all, any(thing), every(thing), few, little, many, much, no(thing), none, some(thing)
Only few things that she said are true
Khng dng trong trng hp cm t thay th:
1. c xc nh (non-restrictive)
I never talk to Peter, who always falls out with little girls like me.
2. l mt mnh
The cat broke my father's ancient vase, which drove him into true anger.
3. s l tn ng cho mt gii t
This is the best hotel in which I have ever stayed.
III. RESTRICTIVE AND NON - RESTRICTIVE CLAUSES
( Mnh quan h gii hn v khng gii hn):
- Mnh tnh ng gii hn l mt b phn gn b ca cu. Nu khng c n, cu s khng y ngha.
Example: That book which you lent me was very interesting.
- Mnh tnh ng khng gii hn: l mt b phn khng gn b ca cu. B i cu vn y ngha. N ch thm
mnh chnh mt t chi tit m thi v mnh ny c tch khi mnh chnh bng bng 1 hay 2 du phy
(,)
Example: 1. David, who is my friend, is coming
2. Hemingway, who was an American write, was born in 1899 and died in 1961.
Ch : Khng dng i t THAT trong mnh ny.
B. PHN BI TP T LUN:
Combine these sentences using the suitable relative pronoun or adverb.
1. This is a book. I bought it at the bookstore.
2. The subject is very important. We are going to discuss it.
3. He loves his parents house. He was born in that house.
4. The woman didnt love him. He wanted to marry her.
5. I dont like the stories. They have unhappy endings.
6. The man was away on holiday. The manager wanted to see him.
7. Did you see the woman? Her husband was taken to hospital.
8. The boy is my friends brother. I often go to English speaking club with him.
9. She saw a lot of people and horses. They went downtown.
10. Last week I met the man. He helped me last year.
11. This book is about animals. I bought it yesterday.
12. This subject is very important. We are going to discuss it.
13. He loves his parents house. He was born in that house.
14. Mais sister didnt love him. He wanted to marry her.
15. I dont like Ho Chi Minh city. It is very noisy.
16. Tomorrow Ill see Henry. Hes also a member of the board.
17. Aunt Joan is a bit deaf. She didnt hear the phone.
18. Tom is a kind boy. I often go to English speaking club with him.
19. The library in front of my house is very beautiful. It was opened last year.
20. Last week I met Tam. He is my childhood friend.
C. PHN BI TP TRC NGHIM
Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.
1. This is the bank _________was robbed yesterday.
A. who. B. whom. C. whose. D. that.
2. A boy_________ sister is in my class was in the bank at that time.

3. The man _________robbed the bank had two pistols.
A. who. B. whom. C. whose. D. which
4. He wore a mask _________made him look like Mickey Mouse.
5. He came with a friend _________waited outside in the car.
6. The woman _________gave him the money was young.
7. The bag _________contained the money was yellow.
8. The people _________were in the bank were very frightened.
9. A man _________mobile was ringing did not know what to do.
10. A woman _________daughter was crying tried to calm her.
11. The car _________the bank robbers escaped in was orange.
12. The robber _________mask was obviously too big didn't drive.
13. The man _________drove the car was nervous.
14. He didn't wait at the traffic lights _________were red.
15. A police officer _________car was parked at the next corner stopped and arrested them.
16 This is the station ____________Emily met James.
A. where. B. when C. why D.which
17. It was a new shirt________my mother gave me for my birthday last year.
18. She enjoys watching movies ________make her laugh.
A. they. B. what. C. which. D. who.
19. He bought all the books________are needed for the English course.
A. who B. that. C. what. D. those.
20. Every thing ________they said was true.
A. which. B. which. C. that. D. who.
21 Yesterday she had to do a difficult test for________she did not prepare.
A.it B. that C. which. D. what.
23. There wasnt much_______they coud do to help.
A.that. B. which. C. what. D. still.
24. The broken glasses are all________remain.
A. still. B.which. C. which. D. that.
25. Hanoi is the city in________I was born.
A. which. B. where. C. what. D. when.
26.London is the city in________I was born.
A.where. B.which. C. when. D. what.
27. Do you know a shop________I can buy a TV?
A. which. B. where. C. when. D.what.
28. My friend,________was my classmate in primary school ,is moving to Ho Chi Minh city next week.
A. that. B.whom. C. who. D. which.
29.He lives in a building________has 20 floors.
A. that. B.which. C. what. D. where.
30.I live in a building ________there are 20 floor.
A. that. B. which. C.what. D. where.

31. Do you have a pen________I can borrow?
A. where. B. what. C.which. D. who.
32. They seem to give the children anything________they want.
A. what. B. that. C.which. D.where.
33. His new house, which________by the lake ,has a beautiful and modern design.
A. situate. B. situates. C. is situated. D. has situated.
34 Do you know the girl ________father is a teacher?
A.who. B. whose. C.whom. D.which.
35. Its Peter________play football well.
A. that. B. who. C.which. D.whom.
36.He is repairing the table _________ legs were broken.
A. which B. whose C. that D. whom
37. The flowers _________ grow in the garden are beautiful.
A. what. B. who C.which. D.where.
38. The woman __________ is sitting at the desk is Mr. Winter's secretary.
A. what. B. who C.which. D.where.
39. Jane, __________ mother is a physician, is very good at biology.
A. which B. whose C. that D. whom
40. She didnt see the snake __________ was lying on the ground.
A. what. B. who C.which. D.where
UNIT 10-11: REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES

There are three ways reducing an adjective clause to phrase.
1/ The subject pronoun and be form are omitted.
Example:
A/ The girl who is talking to my sisters our neighbor.
-> The girl talking to my sister is our neighbor.
B/ She is the person who is responsible for the interview.
-> She is the person responsible for the interview.
2/ It is sometimes possible to omit the subject pronoun and change the verb to ing form if there is no be
form in the ejective clause (using present participle).
Example:
This school has many students that got scholarships.
-> This school has many students getting scholarships.
3/ Sometimes, relative clause is reduced to past participle phrase.
Example: The food which is cooked in this sauce tastes very nice.
-> The food cooked in this sauce tastes very nice.
Exercises:
1/ Read the following sentences, underline the relative clause and reduce them into present past participle
phrase:
1. The man who is talking to my father is Mr Johnson
2. Thats the only road that leads to the lake.
3. Those who met you at the airport yesterday were very assistance and secretary.
4. The problem which was worrying them then was the environmental pollution.
5. Mr Jackson, who teaches my son, in my neighbor.
6. The candidates who are sitting for the exam are all from Vietnam.
7. The policeman who arrested her has recognized her car.
8. I know the man who painted this picture.
9. The buses which take children to school everyday were modern made in country.
2/ Turn the relative clauses to past participle phrase:
1. The chair which was broken by a boy in now mended.
2. The festival which was held in Moscow in 1985 was a great success.
3. The Chickens which are raised on our form are very fat.
4. The students are copying the words which are written on the blackboard.
5. The story which was told by the teacher is interesting.
6. The car which was towed to the police compound belonged to a millionaire.
7. Around the corner there are several houses which were built in the eighteenth century.
8. They live on a street that is huddled with small old houses.
3/ Rewrite the following sentences, using relative clause instead of participle phrase:
1. The street leading to the school is very wide.
2. Customers complaining about the service should see the manager.
3. This hotel, built 3 years ago, is the most beautiful in our city.
4. My brother, meeting you yesterday, works for a big firm.
5. The vegetable sold in this shop are grown without chemicals.
Exercise 4: Combine the following sentences , using relative clauses
1. Mrs. Loan is a biologist. Her father is a botanist.
2. This is a book. I bought it at the bookstore.
3. John is the man. We are going to recommend him for the job.
4. Tom found the cat. Its leg was broken.
5. Dalat is a famous city for sightseeing. Have you ever gone to it?
6. They are talking about John. Do you know him?
7. She doesnt want to speak to the reason. She divorced her husband for this reason.
8. Jack loves his parents house. He was born in that house.
9. I was very happy to get your letter. Thank you very much for it.
10. That woman didnt love him. He wanted to marry her.
Exercise 5: Use reduced relative clauses in place of the relative clauses
1. Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page
2. Students who arrive late will not be permitted to enter the classroom.
3. John, who was taken by surprise, hardly knew what to say.
4. The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
5. We drove along the road that was still flooded after the heavy rain.
6. The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress
7. The wild ox which is kept at Nam Cat Tien National Park is of a special kind
8. The helicopter which was flying toward the lake made a low droning sound.
9. The winner of the marathon, who was breathing deeply and smiling at the crowd, raised her right hand and
waved.
10. Any student who does not want to go on the trip should inform the office.
11. Do you know the woman who is coming toward us ?
12. The people who was waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
13. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.
14. They live in a house that was built in
15. He was the first man who left the burning building.
16. The couple who live in the house next door are both college professors
17. The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet.
18. The students who did not come to the class yesterday explain their absence to the teacher.
19. Did you get the message which concerned the special meeting ?
20. Lan is the second student who entered the classroom this morning.
21. The psychologists who study the nature of sleep have made important discoveries.
UNIT 11, 13: SOURCES OF ENERGY and HOBBIES

REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES and CLEFT SENTENCES
A. Reduced relative clauses:
1. The man ...............(.stand) there is a clown.
2. The envelop ..........(lie) on the table has no stamp on it.
3. Benzene, ......................(discover )by Faraday, became the starting point in the manufacture of many
dyes, perfumes and explosives.
4. there are 5 people ................(sit) in the middle of te room.
5. The student dont know how to do exercise..................... (give) by the teacher yesterday.
6. The diagrams..................................( make) by young Faraday were sent to Sir Humphry Davy at the end of
the year 1812.
7. The gentleman .................................(live) next door to me is a well-known orator.
8. All the astronauts ................................(orbit) the earth in space capsules are weightless.
9. All students........... (not hand) in their papers will fail in the exam.
10. I saw many houses......( destroye) by the storm.
11. The street .............(lead) to the school is very wide.
12. The system ........................(use) here is very successful.
13. Mr.John,..........................( teach) my son, is my neighbour.
14. Trains............................... (leave) from this station take an hour to get to London.
15. The candidates........................( sitt) for the exam are all from Vietnam.
16. We are driving on the road..................... .........(build) in 1980.
17. Customers.............................( complain) about the service should see the manager.
18. The city............................. (destroy) during the war has now been rebuilt.
19. My brother, ...........................(meet) you yesterday, works for a big firm.
20. The vegetable...................................( sell) in this shop are grown without chemicals.
B. Cleft sentences in the active :
1. Subject focus : We use cleft sentence to emphasize the subject of the action.
It is / was + S + clause (S + V + )
Ex1 : My brother bought a new car from our next- door neighbour last Saturday.
It was my brother who bought his new car from our next- door neighbour last Saturday.
Ex2 : The man gave her the book. => It was the man who gave her the book.
2. Object focus : We use cleft sentences to emphasize the object of the action.
It is / was + O + clause ( S + V + ..)
Ex1 : My brother bought a new car from our next- door neighbour last Saturday.
It was a new car that my brother bought from our next- door neighbour last Saturday.
Ex2 : The boy hit the dog in the garden. => It was the dog that the boy hit in the garden.
3. Adverbial focus : We use cleft sentences to emphasize the adverb ( time / place / )
It is / was + adverbial phrase + clause ( S + V + ..)
Ex1 : - My brother bought a new car from our next- door neighbour last Saturday.
It was last Saturday when my brother bought a new car from our next- door neighbour.
Ex2 : - She bought him a present at the shop. => It was at the shop that she bought him a present.
B. Cleft sentences in the passive : Cleft sentences can also be used in the passive voice.
Ex1 : The boy hit the dog in the garden. => It was the dog that was hit in the garden.
Ex2 : A. I heard that a dog bit you yesterday.
B. No. It was the postman that was bitten by the dog.
EXERCISES
1. Complete the following sentences with suitable relative pronouns (WHO, WHEN, WHOM, WHICH,
WHERE, WHY)
1. It was the book ........... I bought in the shop near my school.
2. It was in the shop near my school ............... I bought the book.
3. It was the shop near my school .............I bought the book.
4. It was I ................ bought the book in the shop near my school
5. It is Jenny ............... spends all her money on shoes.
6. It is shoes ................... Jenny spends all her money on.

7. It was in London ................... he met his first wife.
8. It was only when he phoned ................I realised what had happened. .
9. It is learning English ............. I find most enjoyable nowadays. .
10. It was because he was ill ............... we decided to return.
11. It was in September ...............he first found out about it.
12. It was with great reluctance ................t Maria accepted the invitation.
13. It was by foot .................. he went there.
14. It was greedily and speedily ................ Homer Simpson drank his beer.
15. It is to address a far-reaching problem........... Oxfam is setting out to do.
16. It could be going home early or slacking off work ............. the boss reacted to.
17. It was because she was so lonely all the time ............... drove her to move out.
18. It was she................was awarded the prize
19. The reason ...............I come is to discuss the future with you
20. Was it you.................paid for the bill ?
21. It was the attitude of the waiter ................made thing worse
22. It was last sunday ..............my brother bought a new car
2. Rewrite the following sentences; using Cleft sentences
E.g. The boy visited his uncle last month. It was the boy who visited his uncle last month
1. My mother bought me a present on my birthday.
2. Huong and Sandra sang together at the party.
3. Nams father got angry with him.
4. The boys played football all day long.
5. The girl received a letter from her friend yesterday.
6. His presence at the meeting frightened the children.
7. The man is learning English.
8. The woman gave him the book..
9. She sent her friend the postcard.
10. Hoa borrowed the book from Long.
11. The little boy greeted his grandfather in a strnge language.
12. The pedestrian asked the policeman a lot of questions.
13. The dog barked at the stranger.
14. She made some cakes for tea.
15. His father repaired the bicycle for him.
16. She presented him a book on his birthday.
17. He met his wife in Britain.
18. She bought that present from the shop.
19. The meeting started at 8.00 a.m.
3. Change the sentences into cleft sentences in the passive.
E.g: Fans gave Christina lots of flowers. It was Christina who was given lots of flowers
1. The pedestrian asked the policeman for direction to the post office.
2. People talked a lot about his house.
3. His father bought him a bicycle for his birthday.
4. He described his hometown in his novel.
5. She frightened the children.
6. Her younger sister broke her glasses.
7. The prince kissed my younger sister at the party.
8. My father gave me this story book as a birthday present.
9. Vietnamese people celebrate Tet as the greatest occasion in a year.

Chuyen de Ngu Phap Theo Don Vi Bai Hoc E11

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Chuyen de Ngu Phap Theo Don Vi Bai Hoc E11

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Chuyn Ng php ting Anh lp 11 theo cc n v bi hc- L Thanh Bnh 2013

(C y tic i ngh New York.)

UNIT 2: PERSONAL EXPERIENCE: TENSE REVISION

13. They (begin) __________ to study at this school 7 years ago.

26. The tin opener seems for _______ left-handed people.

UNIT 4: VOLUNTARY WORK

III. Choose the correct answer.

12. I found a coin ______ (lie) on the sidewalk.

4. 'Okay, I'll collect David from school.'

The teacher ..................................................................................

UNIT 6: WORLD POPULATION

13) If I (win/had won/won/winning) a big prize in a lottery, Id give up my job.

UNIT 6: WORLD POPULATION

1. If you find a skeleton in the cellar don't mention it to anyone, he said

22. Will you have _ pudding or _ fruit?

UNIT 9: THE POST OFICE

(gii thch, lm r ngha cho t, cm t)

A. who. B. whom. C. whose. D. that.

A. that. B. which. C.what. D. where.

UNIT 10-11: REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES

UNIT 11, 13: SOURCES OF ENERGY and HOBBIES

6. It is shoes ................... Jenny spends all her money on.

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