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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Pages
TITLE PAGE i
CERTIFICATE OF PANEL APPROVAL ii
DEDICATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS v
LIST OF TABLES vi
LIST OF FIGURES vii

CHAPTER
1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Conceptual Framework 2
1.3 Objectives of the Study 4
1.4 Statement of the Problem 4
1.5 Hypothesis 5
1.6 Significance of the Study 5
1.7 Scope and Delimitation 7
1.8 Operational Definition of Terms 7

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Papaya Crude Latex 9
2.2 Yellow Sticky Traps 10
2.3 Housefly Bad Effects 12
2.4 Microbial Communities of Housefly 13
2.5 Human Pathogens carried by Housefly 14
2.6 Fly Insect Control 15

3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design 17
3.2 Research Materials and Methods 17
3.3 Research Procedures 18
REFERENCES 24

iii
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DEDICATION
This effort is the end result of many hardships and restless nights. Thanks to
the researchers, this work is proudly and sincerely dedicated to the individuals who
serve as an inspiration for this work to happen. The information in this research
article will be useful to poultry owners, farmers, aspiring researchers, members of
the local community, educators, and business owners to their future plans and
works. To all the parents, guardians, friends, and classmates who provided support
when difficulties arose; to the entire Liceo de Cagayan University faculty and
staff; and, most importantly, to God Almighty for providing us the knowledge,
courage, persistence, strength, and time to complete this assignment.

- The Researchers
Liceo de Cagayan University Senior High School Department iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The researchers would like to thank all the people who helped them in any ways,
small or big and had given any amount of their time to help in making their study.

The researchers would also like to express their deepest appreciation to Mr. Jas
Felicisimo A. Cane, who served as their research adviser, for his patience, effort in
teaching the researchers and his guidance for this work to be possible.

They are also extremely grateful to each of their family, who always support and
appreciate every work and everything they do. For letting them travel to other
places for meetups and discussions regarding their paper.

The researcher would also like to extend their warmest gratitude to the Aunt and
Uncle of their research leader for letting them gather papaya latex in their papaya
farm for free.

Lastly to their school, Liceo de Cagayan University, thank you for providing such
quality education through the faculties and staffs. And lastly, Our God Almighty
for giving enough wisdom, time, courage and strength to continue writing this
paper.
Liceo de Cagayan University Senior High School Department vi

LIST OF TABLES
Table Pages
1 Research Material and their Uses 17
Liceo de Cagayan University Senior High School Department vii

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Pages
1 Schematic Diagram of the Study 3
2 Flow Chart 19
Liceo de Cagayan University Senior High School Department

The Efficacy of Papaya (Carica papaya) Crude Latex as an

Alternative Component for Sticky Trap against
House Fly (Musca domestica linnaeus)

A Research Proposal
Presented to the
Faculty of the Senior High School – Main Campus
Liceo de Cagayan University
Cagayan de Oro City

—------------------------------------------------------------------------------

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Senior High School Department
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

—------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ARCAMO, BRENT MICHAEL
BAA, NIANNE KASSANDRA
BAUTISTA, JLIAN
CAIREL, ALYZA NAOMI
CIMACIO, CHLOE DOMINIQUE
JABAYBAY, KEANE RIX
LICOT DIRK REISHI
YAP, JOHN WILSON

APRIL 2023
Liceo de Cagayan University Senior High School Department

Chapter I

The Problem and Its Scope

1.1. Introduction

The efficacy of papaa (Carica papaya) crude latex as a sticky trap against

Musca domestica linnaeus, commonly known as the house fly, is a topic of

increasing interest in the field of pest control. Papaya (Carica papaya), commonly

known as papaya, is a tropical fruit tree. The fruit is healthy and delicious and the

whole plant parts including fruit, root, bark, peel, seeds and pulp are also known to

have medicinal properties (Vij and Prashar, 2015). Papaya (Carica papaya) can be

also used as insecticidal/molluscicidal activity against various pests (Macalood, et

al., 2013).

The house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), is a global pest of

humans and animals that carries scores of pathogens (Geden, et al., 2021). Not

only are house flies a nuisance, but they can also transport disease-causing

organisms. Excessive fly populations are not only an irritant to farm workers but,

when there are nearby human habitations, a public health problem could occur

(Arroyo and Capinera, 2020).

Control measures for houseflies include sanitation and exclusion, as well as the

use of chemical methods. Sanitation measures include proper disposal of solid

waste, proper storage and preparation of food, and regular cleaning of facilities.
 Liceo de Cagayan University Senior High School Department

Exclusion measures involve using screens or other barriers to keep flies outside the

house. Chemical methods include the use of insecticides (Jacobs, 2013).

Being fast acting, cheap and convenient, insecticides are often the preferred

choice for controlling pests, including house flies. Globally, chemical insecticides

such as pyrethroids, organophosphates, and carbamates have been used to control

house flies (Wang, et al., 2019). Their effectiveness in controlling pests, ease of

application, and widespread availability. However, chemical pesticides can also

have negative impacts on human health and the environment. Furthermore, most

chemical pesticides are not biodegradable, causing soil and groundwater

contamination and ozone depletion in the atmosphere (Ahmed, et al., 2021).

The study of the efficacy of papaya (Carica papaya) crude latex as a sticky trap

against Musca domestica (the common house fly) is focused on determining the

effectiveness of using the latex from the papaya plant as a natural, alternative

method of controlling fly populations as it is eco-friendly that is safe for humans

and animals.

1.2 Conceptual Framework

Housefly infestation is a problem faced by the people living in the community

of Brgy. Lagtang. And everytime there is an ongoing poultry harvest, this situation

is getting worse because it doesn’t only disturb the people but it also contaminates

foods and may also cause disease due to the pathogens it may bring.
3

Researchers considered the introduction of papaya (Carica papaya) latex as an

alternative component for sticky traps to help minimize their infestation during and

every harvest. The conceptual framework that was used in the study is the “Input-

Process-Output” model as shown in figure 1. The IPO framework was used to show
 the process used in making the sticky trap out of papaya (Carica papaya) latex.

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INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Dependent Variable: a) Conducting incision process The level of effectiveness

 Houseflies
Independent Variables:
 Papaya crude latex
 Yellow Index Cards
 PEST FF sticky traps.
on the unripe papaya fruit to of papaya (Carica papaya)
gather papaya latex. crude latex as an alternative
b) Spreading papaya (Carica component for sticky trap
papaya) on a yellow index and its stand against
card. standard sticky traps.
c) Placing the sticky traps on
the selected households to test
its efficacy against houseflies
(Musca domestica linnaeus).
d) Comparing the effectiveness
of standards sticky traps
against our product.
e) Data collection method
e) Statistical analysis of the
data.

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the study

Liceo de Cagayan University Senior High School Department 4

For input, it consists of the variables to be manipulated as well as their

classification as to what kind of variable they are. Usually, all the details specified

in the problems are stated here.

The process includes the process of how to gather the raw materials and what

will happen afterwards to achieve the sticky trap product, the data collection

method, and the statistical analysis of the data.

For output, this includes the action taken after interpreting the results of the

study. The data analysis will help them determine the level of effectiveness of their

product after all the processes and its gap against the standard sticky traps. From

this, the researchers will conceptualize what could possibly be lacking and what

they can recommend to future researchers who will also conduct similar studies.

 
1.3 Objectives of the study

The purpose of this study is to make a sticky trap out of papaya latex that will

be helpful for the local people. The following objectives were more specifically

targeted for this study:

1.3.1 To assess how papaya latex can perform better than standard sticky

traps.

1.3.2 To determine whether houseflies can withstand the stickiness of papaya

latex.

1.3.3 To identify the length of time needed for the papaya latex to take effect.

1.4. Statement of the Problem

Liceo de Cagayan University Senior High School Department 5

Housefly infestations during poultry harvest causes disturbance and annoyance

to the people in the community. Although it can be prevented by pesticides or

insecticides, too much use may cause harm to people. That’s why the researchers

propose their study about using papaya (Carica papaya) crude latex as an

alternative component for sticky trap. Aside from the fact that it is organic, it is

also low-cost and harmless. This study is guided by the following questions:

1.4.1 Is the papaya crude latex effective as a sticky trap to capture house flies

(Musca domestica linnaeus) and is helpful to local people living in the

community?

1.4.2 How long will the sticky trap lasts in capturing houseflies (Musca

domestica linnaeus)?

1.5. Null Hypothesis

H0: The product of papaya crude latex as a sticky trap is not effective and efficient

in capturing the houseflies that are roaming around in every house of the

community.

1.6. Significance of the Study

This study hopes to establish an understanding on the predictors of the Efficacy

of Papaya (Carica papaya) crude latex as an alternative component for sticky trap

against House fly (Musca domestica linnaeus). The study will then be conducted

in order to help the folks listed below. Every family and company that can profit

from our research, like a poultry farm, will gain from it.
Liceo de Cagayan University Senior High School Department

Community. This output will be most beneficial to the community because of the

reason that it can help the community to minimize the houseflies (Musca

domestica linnaeus). They will be more knowledgeable and engaged because of

this study.

Poultry. The information presented will enable them to act accordingly on this

studies. Because as early as now, through this research study, they will be able to

see the effects, benefits and advantages of being active, diligent and industrious in

every possible way.

Entrepreneurs. The results of this study will encourage entrepreneurs to produce

sticky traps made of papaya (Carica papaya) as a useful commodity that

consumers may utilize in the future. This will also benefit them to create product

that can help minimize the house flies in the surroundings.

Teachers. The study's findings will help teachers inspire their students to develop

concepts that will give the right direction. Additionally, it might enhance their

capacity for research.

Farmers. This study will benefit farmers because it will increase their ability to

identify pests during pest management inspections. By utilizing papaya (Carica

papaya) as sticky traps, this area of study can identify parasites that are active at

night or other times when no one is around.

Future researchers. The ideas presented may be used as reference data in

conducting new researches or in testing the validity of other related findings. This
Liceo de Cagayan University Senior High School Department

study will also serve as their cross reference that will give them a background

overview of the predictors of using the papaya (Carica papaya) crude latex. 7

1.6. Scope and Delimitation

This study aims to determine the efficacy of crude papaya latex as an

alternative component to create a sticky trap. The product is intended for use by

residents of Barangay Lagtang, Alubijid, and Misamis Oriental. The researchers

limit their study to 5-6 household in this community due to its large population

alone and these households were chosen because it was also the nearest to the

poultry. People living in these households were also the one who are most

vulnerable during the housefly’s infestation.

The materials that will be used in this study are raw and will be taken from

locally grown plants in Mahan-ob Calatcat, Alubijid, Misamis Oriental. The

researchers will conduct their study from the month of March-April because of the

limited time given to them. They plan to put the said sticky trap products during

daytime because that is the time that most flies are active. The residents in the

selected households in the said community will be the one who will evaluate their

product if it is really effective. The sticky trap can only capture little, lightweight

pests like houseflies; that’s why bigger and heavier creatures are beyond their

control.

1.7 Operational Definition of Terms

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Aluminum Tray. It refers to the material that will serve as the primary storage of

papaya (Carica papaya) crude latex that is dripping from the fruit.

Cardboard. This will act as the holder of the latex. The latex will then be spread

here after collection and serve as the sticky trap. 8

Houseflies (Musca domestica linnaeus). In this study, this term refers to the main

target of this study. This will determine the efficacy of the organic sticky trap

made by the researcher.

Papaya (Carica papaya) crude latex. It refers to the primary material to be used

and the alternative component for sticky traps.

Plastic Container. It also refers to the primary storage of papaya (Carica papaya)

crude latex that is dripping from the fruit.

Plastic bottles. It refers to the material where the papaya's (Carica papaya) crude

latex will be transferred from the aluminum tray and plastic container so that it

will not dry up due to the presence of air.

Yellow Oil Paint. It refers to the material that will make the cardboard yellow for

the reason that the houseflies are attracted to bright colors such as yellow.
Liceo de Cagayan University Senior High School Department

Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the related literature after the thorough and in-depth

search done by the researchers. Its purpose was to address the problem of the

people living in the community that are experiencing the infestation of houseflies

to their houses every harvesting season of poultry products.

2.1. Papaya Crude Latex

Latex is a milky emulsion produced by complex secretory structures

called laticifers. It is defined as a suspension of various particles (organic and

inorganic) dispersed in a liquid with different refractive index. It is still unclear

what a plant's latex discharge does biologically (Chandrasekaran, Seetharaman,

Krishnan, Gnanasekar, & Sivaperumal, 2018). Numerous studies have

demonstrated that it possesses insecticidal properties. Depending on prevalent

content and plant species studied, it can be milky white or yellowish, orange to

brown or even colorless (Bernaciak, Mazur, & Nawrot, 2021).

Liceo de Cagayan University Senior High School Department

Papaya flower latex, which is used, contains the proteolytic enzymes

papain and chemopapain, glutamine cyclotransferase, chymopapain A, B, and

C, peptidase A and B, and lysozymes as its main components

(Puja, Wardana, Irawan, & Choiron, 2018). 10

Chemical analysis of Carica papaya L. crude latex

revealed the presence of crude proteins in higher amounts

as compared to other chemical constituents. Protease

enzymes being protein in nature showed a higher protease

activity of 2655 units g−1 at pH 5.5 and 285 units g+1 only

at pH 9.0. Results implied that proteolysis of crude latex

from C. papaya could be more effective when applied in a

slightly acidic medium. Macalood et al. (2013) study makes

a case for the usefulness of crude papaya latex from Carica

papaya in reducing insect populations that lead to decreased agricultural output.

With knowledge of the protein composition and protease activity of crude latex,

Macalood et al. (2013) study will also increase agricultural production by

employing it as a pesticide. There will be more research done on the effects of

papaya (Carica papaya) crude latex on the morphological forms of other plants

and invertebrates.

2.2. Yellow Sticky Traps

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Yellow sticky traps (YSTs) are an important component of Integrated Pest

Management (IPM) programs for a variety of greenhouse pests. Many factors have

been identified as influencing whitefly flight behavior and, as a result, trap catches.

The possibility of manipulating such factors to improve YST efficiency and

reliability, as well as using automated tools to interpret whitefly catches, is

discussed. In the literature, only a few YSTs-based action thresholds have been

proposed, particularly for use with chemical control. 11

There are a number of approaches and technological innovations that have

already been implemented to improve the practicality of YSTs by reducing the

effort and time associated with counting insects, a method to facilitate species

identification in mixed populations on the trap, and sampling methods such as

sequential sampling for calculating appropriate sample size (Pinto-Zevallos &

Vanninen, 2013).

Sticky traps are a standard tool for monitoring alate arthropod pests in

greenhouses, but evaluation of traps over the whole growing season is rarely done.

This study evaluated whether trap densities recommended for practice are

sufficient to estimate pest population densities of Trialeurodes vaporariorum

(Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and its natural enemy Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera:

Aphelinidae) in protected tomato cultures throughout the growing season. Results

showed that trap catches provide reliable information about pest densities, in

which correlations differed for specific developmental stages. A rapid increase of

parasitoid trap catches indicated high parasitism.

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A total trap catch of 6 parasitoids/trap was a suitable threshold for sufficient

natural enemy activity in the tomato crop. The implementation of these results in

practice and the transferability to other cropping systems are discussed (Böckmann

et al, 2014). 12

As yellow sticky traps (yellow card or plastic covered in a thin layer of clear

glue) or yellow water traps (yellow dishes filled with water and a little detergent)

are well known to be highly attractive to many insects, they can be used for mass

trapping, biodiversity surveys, or crop pest monitoring. In greenhouses, yellow

sticky traps are increasingly frequently employed commercially as a component of

Integrated Pest Management (IPM), mostly for the surveillance of pest aphids,

whiteflies, thrips, and tiny flies (Sampson,2018).

Aphids, whiteflies, and adult leafminers are just a few of the pests that are

frequently observed with yellow sticky traps. Whiteflies can be captured in large

numbers by using yellow sticky traps in seedling production areas at a rate of 1-2

traps/50-100 m2. Yellow sticky traps significantly reduced the population growth

of adult and immature whiteflies in greenhouses (Ramasamy & Ravishankar,

2018).

2.3. Housefly Bad Effects

One of the most common and widespread insects is the housefly pest on the

planet. It can be found in a variety of settings, including poultry farm, domestic

kitchen, cattle farm, human and Animal hospitals, slaughterhouses, and other
Liceo de Cagayan University Senior High School Department

facilities. The primary problem caused by houseflies is that they are extremely

bothersome causing discomfort to humans and animals, as well as some

regurgitation and faecal spots on surfaces. 13

They are referred to as vectors of pathogen because they transport pathogenic

bacteria such as E. coli and Salmonella after contact with an animal waste. As a

result, the house fly is responsible for a number of serious diseases in the human

and animal bodies. If at all possible, it is preferable to eliminate the house fly not

only at home, but also in commercial and public places including animal farms,

restaurants, fish market, and a food market processing plant, to name a few.

Observation and controlling house flies in such an open area is more difficult than

in closed spaces. Sanitation, exclusion, as well as chemical and non-chemical

methods Control measures have already been implemented. Some cattle farmers

use vacuums to catch flies (Samid, Daud, Mohamed, Mohamad, & Rashid, 2016).

The housefly, Musca domestica, has a long history of association with animals,

many of which are still suffering from parasites. The pest is cosmopolitan in nature

and undergoes holometabolous metamorphism as it moves through all stages of

development. It infests human and livestock properties and causes annoyance to

both humans and animals (Iqbal, et al., 2014).

2.4. Microbial Communities of Housefly

House fly larvae (Musca domestica L.) require a live microbial community to

successfully develop. Cattle manure is rich in organic matter and microorganisms,

Liceo de Cagayan University Senior High School Department

comprising a suitable substrate for larvae who feed on both the decomposing

manure and the prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes therein. Microbial

communities change as manure ages, and when fly larvae are present changes

attributable to larval grazing also occur. Here, we used high throughput sequencing

of 16S and 18S rRNA genes to characterize microbial communities in dairy cattle

manure and evaluated the changes in those communities over time by comparing

the communities in fresh manure to aged manure with or without house fly larvae

(Neupane, Saski, & Nayduch, 2021). 14

House flies (Musca domestica linnaeus) are widespread, synanthropic filth flies

commonly found on decaying matter, garbage, and feces as well as human food.

They have been shown to vector microbes, including clinically relevant pathogens.

Previous studies have demonstrated that house flies carry a complex and variable

prokaryotic microbiota, but the main drivers underlying this variability and the

influence of habitat on the microbiota remain understudied. Moreover, the

differences between the external and internal microbiota and the eukaryotic

components have not been examined (Park, et al., 2019).

2.5. Human Pathogens carried by Housefly

House flies (Musca domestica) are common, synanthropic filth flies that may

be found on human food as well as decomposing waste, trash, and feces. They

have been shown to carry microorganisms, including diseases of medical

relevance. Flies carry a broad and rich bacterial community as a result of their

persistent interactions with decaying substrates. A growing number of human

Liceo de Cagayan University Senior High School Department

pathogens that can be spread either directly to people or indirectly through

contaminated food are known to be carried by house flies (Nayduch & Burrus,

2017; Khamesipour et al., 2018; Xu et al., 2018). 15

The following were the most frequently reported bacterial species by several

studies: (a) E. (Blaak, et al., 2014; Poudel, et al., 2019); (b) E. coli, the bacteria

that causes nosocomial infections, bloody diarrhea, and hemorrhagic colitis in

humans; and (c) E. The most significant nosocomial pathogens in hospitals include

Enterococcus faecium, which may cause wound infections, endocarditis,

bloodstream infections, and urinary tract infections (Selleck et al., 2019); (c) K.

pneumoniae, which also causes post-operative wound infections, can infect the

urinary and respiratory tracts (Blaak et al., 2014).

2.6. Fly Insect Control

Houseflies are hardy insects that can endure temperatures between 10 to 45ºC

(50 to 113ºF). A single fly can have 33 million bacteria in its gut and up to 1.9

million bacteria on its body. In humans, several of these infections can lead to

illnesses like dysentery, salmonella, and diarrhea (Bradenburg, 2022).

A study by (Sharma, Mayank, & Mal, 2022) stated that yellow sticky traps

(YSTs) may be used in greenhouses to keep an eye on and assess the insect

population. They enable farmers to use biocontrol chemicals at a more

advantageous time and can be begun at the Economic Injury Level (EIL). Farmers
Liceo de Cagayan University Senior High School Department

can save money by using the simple preparation and application procedures for

YSTs. 16

These related works contribute to an understanding of the relevance of the

researchers' study to the people living in the said community. The study of (Puja,

Wardana, Irawan, & Choiron, 2018) explained what papaya (Carica papaya) latex

is while (Macalood, Vicente, Boniao, Gorospe, & Roa, 2013) showed where it can

be collected, and how to acquire it. An example of a standard sticky trap, which is

the YSTs (Pinto-Zevallos & Vanninen, 2013), was also stated by the researchers as

being effective in capturing houseflies. (Nayduch & Burrus, 2017) said that flies

carry a broad and rich bacterial community as a result of their persistent

interactions with decaying substrates. (Samid, Daud, Mohamed, Mohamad, &

Rashid, 2016) also added that they are extremely bothersome, causing discomfort

to humans and animals, as well as some regurgitation and fecal spots on surfaces.

A study conducted by (Bell, et al., 2019) stated that sticky traps captured more

houseflies than baited sticky pot traps. That's why the researchers are inspired to

make this product because, aside from being organic and low-cost, its material is

also readily available, so everyone will be able to make and use it.
Liceo de Cagayan University Senior High School Department

Chapter III

Research Methodology

3.1. Research Design

       The research design of this study is experimental research. Experimental

research allows researchers to establish cause-and-effect relationships between

variables, which is essential for drawing conclusions about the underlying

mechanisms driving a particular phenomenon. It is also applicable to researcher's

study as it focuses on experimenting new things to develop models for effective

use. The purpose of this experimental study is to assess The efficacy of papaya
Liceo de Cagayan University Senior High School Department

(Carica papaya) crude latex as an alternative component for sticky trap

against housefly (Musca domestica linnaeus), explore its potential benefits beyond

nutrition, and examine diurnal house fly flight activity.

3.2. Research Materials and Methods

To carry out the process for the acquisition of papaya (Carica papaya) crude

latex, materials and equipment that are needed are selected based on their

availability, and the majority of them are derived from the area due to its

abundance. Some materials are also imported from outside the area and are easily

accessible. 18

1.Research Material and their Uses

This will also serve as the

Plastic Container storage of the papaya latex
Liceo de Cagayan University Senior High School Department

19

3.3 Research Procedures

3.3.1 Study Area        

The study will be conducted at Zone 3 Lagtang, Alubijid, Misamis

Oriental due to its abundance of poultry. The plants that will be used as

latex sources, which is the papaya, throughout the study will be collected

from Mahan.ob, Calatcat, Alubijid, Misamis Oriental. 

Collection of latex from papaya (Carica papaya) is based from the study of

(Macalood, Vicente, Boniao, Gorospe, & Roa, 2013) with minor modifications. It

starts by making 6 to 8 longitudinal incisions on the sides of the fruit with a sharp

paring knife or chef's knife. Then, letting the latex drip into the aluminum trays or

plastic containers. The exuded latex was allowed to run down from the fruit and

drip into the collecting devices (aluminum trays, plastic containers) raised in the
Liceo de Cagayan University Senior High School Department

trunk. The collected latex will then be poured into the plastic bottles and spread

evenly on a piece of yellow cardboard.

In making the yellow cardboard that will be used in making the papaya latex sticky

trap, the researchers will use the flowchart of preparation steps for YSTs from the

study of (Sharma, Mayank, & Mal, 2022) with a few minor modifications.

Material required

Cardboard (1.5 ft. X 1.0 ft. size)

Yellow color Chart/oil paint 20

Figure 2. Flow Chart of Preparation for YSTs

Colored sticky traps are utilized in many crops with the intention of mass

catching and monitoring (Amutha, 2022).

Liceo de Cagayan University Senior High School Department

3.3.2 Statistical Treatment of Data 

In particular, we will look at measures of central tendency, such as the mean,

median, and mode, to get insight into the typical or central value of our dataset.

We will be utilizing descriptive statistics to summarize and evaluate our data.

 Frequency distribution table (FDT)

In this study, the researchers will use the frequency distribution table to

determine the number of times each value appears in the data set and to identify

any patterns or trends in the distribution. The mean, median, and mode are the

threecommonly used measures of central tendency (Frost, 2020), and, researchers

21
use each of these to make generalizations about a population (Dudovskiy, 2022).

The Mean will be used to calculate the average number of flies per day as the

researcher will total all the houseflies collected during that specific day. It will be

calculated using the following formula:

∑x
x=
n

where,

 x = the mean value of the set of given data.

 f = frequency of the individual data

 N = sum of frequencies
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The Mode will be used to calculate the common numbers of flies per day as the

researchers will also total all the common flies that will be captured during that

day. It will be calculated using the following formula:

( f m −f 1)
Mode = L+h
( f m −f 1) + ( f m −f 2)

where,

 'L' is the lower limit of the modal class.

 'h' is the size of the class interval.

 'fm' is the frequency of the modal class.

 'f1' is the frequency of the class preceding the modal class.

 'f2' is the frequency of the class succeeding the modal class.

22

The Median will be used by the researchers to be able to identify the middle

number of flies when data is arranged in numerical order and to also compare

( n+1 )th
()
th
n
differences. If ‘n’ is odd : Median = term. If ‘n’ is even: Median =
2 2

( )
th
n
term + +1 term. It will be calculated using the following formula:
2

[ ]
n
−F
2
Lm + ⅈ
fm

Where,
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 n = Total frequency

 F = Cumulative frequency of class before the median class

 fm = Frequency of the class median

 i = Class width

 Lm = Lower boundary of the class median

Data Analysis Procedure

This study aims to analyze the efficacy of papaya (Carica papaya) crude latex

as an alternative component for sticky traps against houseflies (Musca domestica

linnaeus). The sticky traps made of papaya crude latex will be placed near a

poultry farm in Zone 3, Lagtang, Alubijid, Misamis, Oriental. During the day, the

number of houseflies that will be captured will be recorded daily for a period of

one week. The researchers will also undergo trial and error. The data will then be

analyzed using a frequency distribution table (FDT). 23

Frequency distribution table (FDT) will be used to calculate the average

number of flies per week, to calculate the common numbers of flies per week, to

identify the middle number of flies when data is arranged in numerical order, and

to also compare differences. It will be measured using the mean, mode, and

median. The mean will be used to calculate the average number of flies per day as

the researcher will total all the houseflies collected during that specific day; the

mode will be used to calculate the common numbers of flies per day as the

researchers will also total all the common flies that will be captured during that
Liceo de Cagayan University Senior High School Department

day; and the median will be used by the researchers to be able to identify the

middle number of flies when data is arranged in numerical order and to also

compare differences.

CHAPTER IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter discusses the results, analysis, and interpretation of the data

acquired from the responses of respondents who live near poultry farms. It also

contains the outcomes or conclusions of the data collection and analysis. The data
Liceo de Cagayan University Senior High School Department

were given in the tabular form in response to the precise questions posed in the

statement of the problem.

Liceo de Cagayan University Senior High School Department

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This section presents the findings, conclusions, and recommendations based on the

data analyzed in the previous chapter. The research is summarized, and the study's

conclusions are examined and analyzed. The efficacy of papaya crude latex as an

alternative component for sticky traps against houseflies was investigated by

measuring the extent to which some of the research objectives of the study were

attained.
Liceo de Cagayan University Senior High School Department
Liceo de Cagayan University Senior High School Department
Liceo de Cagayan University Senior High School Department 24

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