Construction and building security (405A)

Lec 2
Floor finishing: ceramic and Raised flooring.
Design considerations, used materials and
architectural treatments.

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

ceramic tile
• Ceramic tile is especially useful in kitchens and bathrooms because it is
water-resistant and easy to clean and extremely durable.

• Made from a mixture of clays and fired at high temperatures, tile is used
for wall coverings, floors, showers, countertops, bath surrounds, and
more.

• Tiles used on walls and counters are generally glazed

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

CERAMIC TILES
They include a wide variety of clay
products fired into thin units which are
set in beds.
Varieties include quarry tiles, porcelain
tiles and terracotta tiles.

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

Quarry tile
The quarry tile comes in various
colours. It normally has an abrasive fit in it to
provide a non-slip quality. It is mostly used in
wet areas like kitchens and bathrooms.

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

Have a very low water absorption

rate and hence are mostly used in wet rooms and
areas where wear and tear is high.

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

(c) Terracotta tile

It is made of clay, either baked or
unbaked. It is normally brownish orange in
colour.

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

Floor finishing: Marble and wood-flooring.

Design considerations, used materials and
architectural treatments.

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

Stone tiles:
granite, quartzite, multi colored slate, black slate, green slate, multi-colored

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

marble floor tiles, wall tiles

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

pattern making using tiles

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

Many different species of wood are fabricated into

wood flooring.
The two major forms are plank and parquet.
Hardwoods are more durable than softwoods
Most hardwood floors include ash, beech, birch,
hickory, maple, teak and walnut.
They are durable if properly finished and maintained.

Hardwood flooring can be a durable, long lasting

surface covering material, but it has to be properly
finished in order to protect it from stains, damage, and
moisture penetration.
In addition there are a number of colorful and creative
decorative treatments that you can apply to make the
floor take on a variety of unique stylistic appearances:

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

Prefinished Hardwood
Flooring: This is applied directly to
the material by the manufacturer
before it ships. It consists of
aluminum oxide crystals embedded
in a UV cured urethane coat, for an
extremely durable surface seal.

Oil Based Hardwood Finish: The

most common hardwood flooring
finish, this is made from an oil-
modified acrylic urethane, which is
relatively easy to apply, and which
dries in approximately 8-12 hours.

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

Hardwood Floor Surface Treatments

Stains: These consist of a variety of color
changing chemicals which can soak down
into the surface of hardwood planks, and
tint them from within.
Bleaching: This is a process that uses
harsh chemicals to lighten the color of
the wood.
Distressed: This involves a number of
treatments where you try to damage the
floor in such a way that it looks like it is
aged. This is often done by staining the
material a very dark color, and then
bleaching it to make the colors look like
they faded over time.

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

Wood Inlays: This is a fairly

advanced decorative treatment
that involves setting different
pieces of wood into an already
installed floor.

Marquetry: This is a process where

a very thin sheet of contrasting or
decorative wood is laid over an
existing hardwood floor, and
applied as a veneer using adhesive.

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

Parquet: It is a floor composed of

short strips or blocks of wood
forming a pattern sometimes inlays
of other woods.

Advantages of Prefinished Flooring

Treatments
1. Durability
2. Easier and quicker installation
3. Ease of maintenance

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

PLANK FLOOR

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)
 Construction and building security (405A)

WOOD BLOCK

fall 2022-2023
LEC 1: Joints and Connection :floors (part1)