CPCCBL3002 Carry out masonry veneer construction

Question 1

Write two (2) characteristics, applications and

limitations each of the of speci7ed materials for
masonry veneer construction given in column 1 of
table.
Characteristics Application Limitation
Material
(Two) (Two) (Two)
1)It should be hard and tough.
2)A Good Coarse Aggregate
Aggregat 1)Public and private buildings. 1)Downgrades the quality of concrete.
should be absolutely clean and
e free from any organic matter,
2)Bridges Roads and highways. 2)Workability of concrete reduces
chemicals and coating of clay.
1)To Build Fire Proof or Heat 1)Compared to other binding materials, the tensile
1)Strength.
Cement Proof Structures. strength of concrete is relatively low.
2)Setting time.
2)For Grouting. 2)Concrete is less ductile.
1)slow dissolution in a large
1)soil stabilization for roads. 1)inconsistent quality.
Lime amount of water
2) building foundations. 2)lesser load bearing capacity
2) hygroscopicity
1)Clay brick's soundproof effect is poor.
Clay and 1)fire-resistant 1)make the walls of buildings.
2)Clay brick is made of concrete and is much
Masonry 2)economical 2)retaining walls
heavier than other masonry materials
1)high compressive
1)construction of walls. 1)Time consuming construction.
Bricks strength.
2)retaining walls. 2)Cannot be used in high seismic zones
2) frost resistance

Question 2

What are mortar ingredients? What consistency of

material is required in mortar? Write your answer in 50-
100 words.

Mortar is composed of cement, fine sands and lime; it is used as a binding material when
building with brick, block, and stone. The mortar should be fairly thick, like thick peanut butter.
The thickness and consistency of the initial mix should be the same consistency of the final mix.

Question 3
Mention two (2) classifications, applications and
limitations mortar ingredients for masonry veneer
construction.
Classification
1) lime mortar
2) surkhi mortar
3) cement mortar

Application
1) to bond brick
2) to bond concrete blocks

Limitations
1) delayed hardening
2) low tensile strength

Question 4

Explain the construction terminology relating to

masonry veneer construction given in the column 1 of
the table.

Tools Uses
Aggregates  the aggregate is used for economy, reduce shrinkage and cracks and to strengthen the structure
Cement Cement is mainly used as a binder in concrete, which is a basic material for all types of construction.
Clay bricks bricks are used in construction of walls
Lime lime mortar ia used for plastering, foundations, thick masonry wall.s
Masonry
blocks Masonary bloacks are used as load bearing walls

Question 5
Discuss the following processes and techniques for
masonry veneer construction in 50-80 words each:

1. On concrete slab on ground- Ground slabs are those slabs that are poured directly into
excavated trenches in the ground. The concrete slab construction process includes the preparation of
formwork, compaction of a slab bed, placement of reinforcement, pouring, compacting, finishing the
concrete, removing formwork and curing the concrete slab.

2. Vermin control and anti- termite measures- Treat the layer of soil beneath a home with
termiticide to offer proactive protection. Install a particle barrier made from sand or basaltic rock to help
reduce access. Incorporate stainless steel mesh barriers or termite shields around the foundation and
utility openings to help block entry points.

3. Damp proofing, Flashing and ventilation- The Building Code of Australia and AS3700
Masonry Code require damp proof courses to be placed through the full thickness of the base of walls
below floor level to form an impervious layer that keeps rising dampness out of the interior of the
house. Masonry veneer walls: 40 mm between the masonry leaf and the loadbearing frame and 25 mm
minimum between the masonry leaf and sheet bracing. Width of cavity may need to be increased if wall
insulation is required

4. Fire control and separation requirements- The required fire-resistance rating of exterior
walls with a fire separation distance of less than or equal to 10 feet (3048 mm) shall be rated for
exposure to fire from both sides

Question 6

What are lintel and load bearing components? Write

your answer in 50-100 words.

A horizontal structural member which is fixed over the openings namely doors, windows etc. to support
the structure or the openings is known as lintel. They are usually rectangular in shape and they afford
facilities for bearing the load of a wall over door/window and also fixing the door and window frames,
wherever they are used.

Question 7
Explain the procedure to install Flashing on timber and
steel door frames in 50-100 words.

Step 1 – Turn the wall underlay into the rough opening. Remember to allow for the vertical packers at
the jamb when setting out and site measuring for the windows.

Step 2 – Fit a flexible flashing tape that is compatible with the wall underlay to the sill trimmer.

Step 3 – Install the weatherboards.

Step 4 – Fit the flashing support packer to the sill trimmer.

Step 5 – Fit the vertical jamb packer where required.

Step 6 – Insert the sill tray flashing across the full width, over tape and to jambs.

Step 7 – Insert the window and install the air seals. Step 8 – Fit insulation.

Step 9 – Line interior. Step 10 – Fit sill and architraves

Question 8

Explain the process of eave construction in 50-100

words.

Eaves are the underside of your roof – specifically the part of the roof that attaches to and juts out from
the house. The width of the eaves on north facing windows should be 45% of the height measured from
the bottom of the window to the top of the eave. A steeply pitched roof will result in a narrow eave, and
vice-versa. This will ensure that the maximum amount of heat from the summer sun is blocked by the
eaves, while still allowing the warmth from winter sun to penetrate the window. Eaves are normally also
designed to incorporate guttering.

Question 9

Explain gable construction process in 50-100 words

Gable is a triangular section of wall at the end of a pitched roof, extending from the eaves
to the peak. It can be constructed from masonary or they can be formed by prefabricated spandrel
panels. These panels can be installed quickly by crane, and mean
that roofing contractors can complete the wall elements under the roof rather than having to
get brick or block layers to return to site.
Question 10

Explain the following frame tying components in 50-

100 words.

Unit ties- Unit tie are used to bond walls constructed of two or more masonry wythes without drilling
hole or screwing nits in them.

Adjustable ties- are used to bond walls constructed of two or more masonry wythes. In this type of tie,
there is enough space of movement so that if required later adjustments are possible.

Question 11

Discuss the technique of incorporating suspended

floor in 50-100 words.

 A suspended floor is a ground floor with a void underneath the structure. The floor can be formed in
various ways, using timber joists, precast concrete panels, block and beam system or cast in-situ with
reinforced concrete. However, the floor structure is supported by external and internal walls

Question 12

Explain the following brick bond pattern in 50-100

words.

Header bond- Header is the shorter square face of the brick which measures 9cm x 9cm. Header.
bond is also known as heading bond. In header bonds, all bricks in each course are. placed as headers on
the faces of the walls.

English bond- This is a pattern formed by laying alternate courses of stretchers and headers. The
joins between the stretchers are centred on the headers in the course below. This is one of the
strongest bonds but requires more facing bricks than other bonds.

Question 13

What is an expansion joint in brickwork and

blockwork? Write your answer in 30-50 words

Expansion joints are required in masonry walls. Typically these are at 6 m centres for concrete
blockwork and 12 m centres for brickwork. Suitable materials must be used in expansion joints to allow
adequate movement of the masonry.

Question 14

How can you determine location of control joints?

Write your answer in 50-100 words
The most widely used method to control random cracking in concrete slabs is to place
contraction/control joints in the concrete surface at predetermined locations to create weakened
planes where the concrete can crack in a straight line.

Question 15

Explain the purpose of articulation joints in 30-50

words.
Articulation joints are both opening and closing joints that cater for movement of the footings or
supports. The strategic positioning of articulation joints at points of weakness (such as door or window
openings) will minimise cracking as the supports move due to foundation movement and similar actions.

Question 16

Identify the type of masonry bond in column 1 and

document your answers in column 2. Write answer in
30-100 words.
A) English Bond- In this alternate courses consist of headers and stretchers. This is
considered to be the strongest bond. Hence it is commonly used bond for the walls of all
thicknesses. To break continuity of vertical joints a brick is cut lengthwise into two halves and
used in the beginning and end of a wall after first header. 

B) Flemish Bond- In this type of bond each course comprises of alternate header and
stretcher Alternate courses start with stretcher and header. To break the vertical joints queen
closers are required, if a course starts with header. Every header is centrally supported on the
stretcher below it

C) Stretching Bond- A stretcher is the longer face of the brick as seen in the elevation. In the
brick of size 190 mm × 90 mm × 90 mm, 190 mm × 90 mm face is the stretcher. In stretcher
bond masonry all the bricks are arranged in stretcher courses care should be taken to break
vertical joints. This type of construction is useful for the construction half brick thick partition
wall.

Question 17

D) 45 degree running bond- a masonry bond in which each brick is laid as a stretcher overlapping the
bricks in the adjoining courses at an angle of 45 degree.

E) 45 degree herring bond-  It is a situation whereby tiles are laid in a herringbone pattern at a 45-degree
angle. In this case, all angles, either cut or placed, are at 45 degrees. To install this herringbone tile
pattern, a speed square is recommended

Question 18

Explain the purpose of job safety and environmental

analysis (JSEA) in 50-100 words
A JSEA considers the environmental as well as health hazards. Its primary purpose is to help supervisors
and workers implement and monitor the control measures established at the workplace to ensure high
risk work is carried out safely.

Question 19
Discuss four (4) ways you can identify hazardous
manual tasks on the worksite in 100-150words.

1. repetitive or sustained force.

2. high or sudden force.
3. repetitive movement.
4. sustained or awkward posture.

Question 20

Discuss exposure of silica to bricklayer. How can you

control the risks associated with exposure to silica?
Write your answer in 50-100 words
Use engineering controls and containment methods such as blast–cleaning machines and cabinets, wet
drilling, or wet sawing of silica–containing materials to control the hazard and protect adjacent workers
from exposure. Routinely maintain dust control systems to keep them in good working order.

Question 21

Discuss three (3) administrative and personal hearing

protective controls for reducing exposure to loud
noise.

- Ways to control worker exposure to excessive noise and prevent hearing loss include 
- using quieter machines
- isolating the noise source
- limiting worker exposure
- using use effective protective equipment.

Question 22
How can you assess risks related to electrical safety?
Write your answer in 50-100 words
The risk assessment should take into consideration the type of electrical equipment used, the way in
which it is used and the environment that it is used in. You must make sure that the electrical
installation and the electrical equipment is: suitable for its intended use and the conditions in which it is
operated.

Question 23

What are earth leakage circuit breakers/boxes used

for? Write your answer in 30-50 words
An Earth-leakage circuit breaker (ELCB) is a safety device used in electrical installations with high Earth
impedance to prevent shock. It detects small stray voltages on the metal enclosures of electrical
equipment, and interrupts the circuit if a dangerous voltage is detected

Question 24

Explain the workplace safety requirements for working

at heights in 100-150 words.
Before working at height they should work through these simple steps: avoid work at height where it's
reasonably practicable to do so; where work at height cannot be easily avoided, prevent falls using
either an existing place of work that is already safe or the right type of equipment.

Question 25

Explain the work health and safety requirements for

noise reduction in 100-150 words
- Buy Quiet – select and purchase low-noise tools and machinery.
- Maintain tools and equipment routinely (such as lubricate gears)
- Reduce vibration where possible.
- Isolate the noise source in an insulated room or enclosure.
- Place a barrier between the noise source and the employee.

Question 26
Explain the purpose of dust suppression systems in
50-100 words.
Dust suppression is a process used to restrict airborne dust particles. Dust suppression systems often
spray a fine mist of water and in different environments such as quarries, construction sites and roads.

Question 27

What are resistance and stability measures

requirements for lightweight as per National
Construction Code (NCC) relating to masonry veneer
construction? Write your answer in 100-150 words.
Lightweight construction

(A) Lightweight construction must comply with Specification C1.8 if it is used in a wall system-

(1) that is required to have an FRL; or

(2) for a lift shaft, stair shaft or service shaft or an external wall bounding a public corridor including a

non fire-isolated passageway or non fire-isolated ramp, in a spectator stand, sports stadium, cinema or
theatre, railway station, bus station or airport terminal.

(B) If lightweight construction is used for the fire-resisting covering of a steel column or the like, and if
—

(1) the covering is not in continuous contact with the column, then the void must be filled solid, to a
height of not less than 1.2 m above the floor to prevent indenting; and

(2) the column is liable to be damaged from the movement of vehicles, materials or equipment, then the
covering must be protected by steel or other suitable material.

Question 28
 Discuss the acceptable brickwork tolerances stated in
Australian Standards and building codes for the items
given in column 1 of the table.
Item Structural tolerance Nonstructural tolerance
The horizontal position of any masonry element documented
15 mm 15 mm
or shown in plan at its base or at each storey level
Relative displacement between loadbearing walls in adjacent
10 mm 10 mm
stories intended to be in vertical alignment
Maximum deviation from plumb within a storey from a The lesser of 10mm per 3m of
vertical height
10 mm
line through the base of the member or 0.05 times the thickness of
the leaf
Maximum deviation from plumb in total
height of the building (from the base) 25 mm 25 mm

Maximum horizontal or vertical deviation of a surface from

a plane surface (bow) in any 2 m length 5 mm 3 mm

Deviation (step) of any exposed masonry surface from any

adjacent exposed
Not applicable 2 mm
masonry surface. The bow provision of Item E above also
applies
Deviation of bed joint from horizontal, or from the level 10 mm in any 10 m length, 15 10 mm in any 10 m length, 15
documented or shown in elevation mm in total mm in tota

3mm 3mm
Deviation from documented thickness of bed joint

5mm 5mm
Minimum perpend thickness

10mm max 5mm

Deviation from documented thickness of perpend

No Limit 8mm
Maximum difference in perpend thickness in any wall

Deviation from documented width of cavity minimum 15mm 15mm

width as required by the Building Code of Australia
Question 29

What are plans and speci7cations? Write your answer

in 50-100 words.
Plan and spec is a method of commercial construction project delivery where design drawings (or plans)
are created along with written specifications (or specs) to further describe the equipment and parts
shown in the drawings.

Question 30

Explain the purpose of the following plans and

specifications in 40-80 words each.

a) Site Plan- A site plan is an architectural document that functions as a map of a building site. It
provides all the details about how the structure will be oriented on the lot

b) Floor Plan- Floor plans are scale drawings that show the relationship between rooms, spaces and
physical features viewed from above

c) Cross Section- Cross sections, or sections, as they're commonly called, are architectural

drawings that are orthographic projections of structures with a cut transecting them.

d) Elevation- In architecture, an elevation is the front, back, or side of a building, or a drawing of

one of these.The elevation of a place is its height above sea level.

Question 31

How should the environmental issues be addressed at

the worksite? Write your answer in 30-50 words.
1. Replace disposable items with reusable.
2. Pass on paper.
3. Conserve water & electricity.
4. Support local & environmentally friendly.
5. Recycle (& then recycle properly)

Question 32

How can you identify the environmental requirements

for workplace processes and waste disposal? Write
your answer in a single sentence.

Prevention involves using less material, keeping a product for a longer duration, reusing materials, and
using materials that are less hazardous to the environment.

Question 33

Discuss two (2) applications and functions of the

following two (2) battery operated tools use in brick
laying/ block laying construction.

a) Circular saw- A circular saw is a tool for cutting many materials such as wood, masonry, plastic,
or metal and may be hand-held or mounted to a machine
b) Drilling machine- A drilling machine is a machine tool primarily used for making a round hole
or driving fasteners.