Bacteriology (MICR213) Tutorial 3 Due: 12 April 2019

TOTAL: 30 MARKS

A. Answer the following questions and hand over your responses to the tutor before the
beginning of the tutorial session. Late submissions will not be accepted.
B. Students must come to the tutorial venue with a typed copy to be handed-in and
their own copies for reference during the session.

Section A [10 marks]

1. Some organisms use reduced inorganic compounds as electron donors and are
termed___________________.

A. photo-organotrophs
B. chemotrophs
C. phototrophs
D. autotrophs
E. lithotrophs

2. An endergonic reaction is one that___________________.

A. requires energy in order to proceed

B. releases energy for work
C. gives off a lot of heat
D. wastes energy
E. none of the above

3. The sum of all the chemical reactions occurring in a microbial cell is_______________.

A. metabolism
B. matabolism
C. anabolism
D. oxidation-reduction
E. chemical work

4. Which of the following does not kill endospores?

A. Autoclave
B. Incineration
C. Hot air sterilization
D. Pasteurization
E. All of these processes kill endospores.

5. Which of the following is best to sterilize heat labile solutions?

A. Dry heat
B. Autoclave
C. Membrane filtration
 D. Pasteurization
E. None of these processes is useful for sterilizing heat labile solutions.

6. Which of the following is sporicidal?

A. Membrane filtration
B. Ionizing radiation
C. Boiling
D. Disinfectants
E. Freezing

7. Which of the following disinfectants acts by disrupting microbial membranes?

A. Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

B. Halogens
C. Heavy metals
D. Aldehydes
E. Sterilizing gases

8. Which of the following items could be sterilized by dry heat sterilization?

A. Intravenous (IV) solution

B. Plastic IV bags
C. Glass pipettes
D. Rubber gloves
E. Plastic petri dishes

9. Who is credited with developing a procedure to heat wine at temperatures well below
boiling to prevent spoilage of the wine?

A. Lister
B. Gram
C. Koch
D. Pasteur
E. Watkins

10. Airborne transmission is acquired from_________________.

A. droplets or dust particles < 1-4 μm diameter

B. coming together or touching of source/reservoir and host
C. inanimate materials or objects involved in pathogen transmission
D. passive carriage of a pathogen on the body of a vector
E. hospitals and/or clinical care facilities
Section B [20 marks]

1. Provide a term/phrase that best match the following descriptions [10]

1.1. ATP formation through the transfer of a phosphate group from a high-energy
phosphorylated compound directly to ADP.
1.2. Oxidation of NADH produced by glycolysis resulting to the use of endogenous
electron acceptors such as pyruvate.
1.3. Oxidation of one amino acid with use of second amino acid as electron acceptor.
1.4. An agent that kills pathogens and many non-pathogens but not necessarily endospores.
1.5. Destruction or removal of vegetative pathogens but not bacterial endospores.
1.6. Chemicals applied to body surfaces to destroy or inhibit vegetative pathogens.
1.7. A disease occurring occasionally and at irregular intervals in a human population.
1.8. A disease caused in hospitalized patients by pathogens acquired in a hospital or
clinical care facility.
1.9. A disease that maintains a steady, low-level frequency at a moderately regular
interval.
1.10. Total number of individuals infected in a population at any one time.

2. Describe three pathways of ATP production by Chemoorganotrophs. [6]

3. Imagine you are the Epidemiologist for the National Department of Health. You have been
asked to prepare a National health report for the year 2016 in which there was a sharp increase
in listeriosis cases.
3.1. In one month there were 280 new cases of listeriosis per 100 000 individuals. Calculate
the morbidity rate. [2]

4. Differentiate a common-source epidemic from a propagated epidemic. [2]