Reading ‘1c |WOCABULARY Put the letters in order to make collocations. 1 asocial trai 2 genetic tnirheciane 3. developmental nieetmiso 4 social rnnvtemioen 5 sibling aicrvly 6 parental cerpbsnoyisilt 7 acompetitive tskrae 8 anuncanny ersebmniaec 9 an idiosyncratic mrnnameis 10a strict purgbingin Ib Read what these people say. What are they talking about? Write the words from 1a. 1. ‘He's always tapping his fingers when he talks.’ 2. ‘Johnny's dog looks just like hin!" 3. ‘He's retired from basketball now, but he still ikes to play.” 4 ‘ifyour star sign is Leo, Aries or Sagittarius, you're supposed to be an extrovert.” 5. ‘I'm not allowed to go out, even at the weekend.” 6 ‘He's got his, grandfather’ nose.” 7 "You only need to worry about it if you have two ‘or more children.’ 8 ‘It up to you to decide where your children goto school.” 2 Read the article quickly. Find three areas of life in which names are linked to success. Pen Read the article again. Are the statements True (T), False (F) or is the information Not Given (NG)? 1. ‘Nominative determinism’ describes a tendency for people to choose careers that contain the same letters as their names. 2. ‘Implicit egotism’ is the reason people have positive feelings about things they associate with themselves. 3. There is evidence to suggest that people whose initials appear at the beginning of the alphabet expect to be treated differently from others. 4. According to the New York University study, ‘employers are more likely to give jobs to people whose names they like T/FING T/F/NG T/F/NG T/F/NG 5. The popularity of a name may affect how people with that name are treated. & David Figlio's research indicates that names influence the subjects that girls choose to study. 7 The writer of the article suggests that names are more significant than other factors in determining decisions and behaviour. T/F/NG T/F/NG T/F/NG 8 The writer believes that parents should not give their children unusual names. T/F/NG ‘To what extent do names influence people's behaviour and perceptions in your country? 2 Doyou agree with Figlio’s findings regarding how masculine and feminine names might affect behaviour and choices? Why/Why not? 3 What evidence can you give, if any, of people being treated differently depending on their name? Match the under the article with the definitions. .d words and phrase: 1. be easily noticed, be different from move towards, be attracted to well-respected and admired given a particular name or description things that indirectly give you information cuRen used to describe things that always exist together 7 something that is certain to happen because people believe it will and act in @ way that make it happenWH It tempting to think that celebrities were destined for stardom because they have a cool name. The chances are though that it was not the one they were given. Katy Perry changed her name to distinguish herself trom the well-known actor Kate Hudson. Bruno Mars simply didn't like his birth name, And one wonders if Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta would have had the same success if she hadn't become Lady Gaga. so what's in a name? Asit tums ‘ut, quite a lot. Though we don't choose them, our names are badges that carry information about our gender, age, and even our education. Studies have shown that the world makes different assumptions about a boy called Tyrone than it does about one called Pailip, and while these assumptions are often incorrect, they can have a considerable influence over the course of a lifetime. A name can even exert unconscious influence over a person's life choices ‘Take careers, for example. Research suggests that people often pick occupations that are perfectly Suited to their name. This phenomenon, dubbed ‘nominative determinism, or literally name-driven outcome’, may explain why Usain Bolt became 1a champion sprinter, Derek Kickett a football player, and ‘Anna Smashnova a professional tennis player. Even the way cour name sounds has significance. Some researchers have indicated that there are disproportionately large numbers of dentists named Dennis and lawyers named lauren, Usain Bolt The effect is attributed to so-called ‘implicit egotism’, the theory that we are unconsciously drawn to things, people and places that remind 4s of ourselves. In one experiment, a team of Psychologists had people look at multiple Combinations of names and numbers fora hundredth of a second on computer screen, When the Participants were later asked to evaluate someone wearing a football jersey, they judged that Person more favourably when the number on the shirt had been flashed on the screen at the same time as their own name. Lady Gaga Bruno Mars AT’S IN A NAME? How names shape our identity Some researchers even go so far as to suggest that names may held the key to success in life. n one study, American economists investigated the connection between surnames and academic achievement and found that those with initials eary in the alphabet were ‘markedly more likely to work universities Professor ‘Wisernan, this‘alphabet discrimination’ may be due to the fact that we're used to seeing things at the top ofa list as winners, and this in tum may have a psychological effect. ‘Whether it's being called for the school register or a jb interview, people with names at the beginning ofthe alphabet get used to being first Peychologist Adam Alter, on the other hand, offers a different perspective on the effects of alphabet discrirnination. He believes that those with names that come further down the alphabet learn to be quicker in taking advantage of opportunities because they've always Havinga common first Bua name may also be an advantage. ANew York University study found that people with names that are easy to pronounce often have higher positions at work Similarly there is evidence to suggest that people with names that are easily recognisable are considered more likeable, and therefore are more likely to be offered jobs Names are linked to success in social interactions, too. In one of Nix Professor Wiseman's Bp experiments, members of the public were asked to rate frst names for various qualities. including attractiveness and lsc, For intelligence and success, names associated with privilege to cae te Names may hold the key to suce Katy Perry came out on top, such as Elizabeth and James. People with names that sound intelligent or attractive may behave or expect to be treated differently, which in tum becomes a self fulfling prophecy, he says Precisely why certain names are seen. ‘as more attractive is unknown, but one possible explanation is that they may contain subtle cues as to masculinity or femininity. Names such as Elizabeth, which contains soft consonant sounds, and longer names, are associated with femininity. Short names like Alex, on the other hand, are rated as less ferninine. ‘And according to professor of economics David Figlio, these associations can have an impact at school, Figlio found that boys who had a name that was ‘common among both boys and girls, such as Ashley, had a tendency to misbehave, He also noticed that girls with more feminine-sounding names tended to gravitate towards the humanities, while those with boyish- sounding names were more likely to opt for a career in science. sin life. As Figlio points out, stereotypes associated with feminine names are reinforced by society, including teachers and parents, s0 il environment and upbringing may have as much to do with these outcomes as the names themselves. But what's clear is that names are inextricably ts our sense of identity. Our self-esteem. can be affected by how we feel about our name, and whether we like it or hate it, its effects can be far-reaching, ‘The trend in recent years has been towards giving distinctive names that allow children to stand out from the crowd. Kanye West's daughter is called North West, Gwyneth Paltrow has a daughter famously named Apple, while children of the U2 band are called Blue «d Memphis Eve. Who knows what names will be given by the stars of tomorrow? Choosing a names a parental responsibility, but as Figlio says, parents should recognise that names hhave consequences,CT CeT elmer ae 1 Match the sentences (a-e) with the descriptions (1-5). It’s tempting to think that celebrities were destined for stardom because they have a cool name. b A team of psychologists had people look at multiple combinations of names and numbers on a computer screen. © Being called first for the school register or a job interview may have a psychological effect. d_ Our self-esteem can be affected by how we feel about our name. @ People with names that sound intelligent or attractive may behave or expect to be treated differently a passive infinitive a passive gerund a passive with a modal verb 2 verb in the passive form orene a causative 2 Complete the text with the passive form of the verbs given. amning children (a) (consider) N to be a parental responsibility, though certain names (6) (ban) in recent years. In 2015, a French couple (e) wre (deny) the right to call their daughter Nutella to prevent the girl from (d) {tease) at school, Tee) (rule) that the name should (0 (shorten) to the more conventionally-sounding Ella instead. The year before, Mexico banned the name Robocop, but not before at least one child (g) (Give) the name. China doesn’t allow symbols (h) (include) in names so an attempt to name a boy @, which @ sounds similar to ‘love him’, @) (forbid) recently, too, New names (k) (pronounce) ‘ai-ta’ and (invent) all the time, so it remains to be seen what children (call in the future 3c Read the sentences. Circle the correct alternative in the rules. a. She had her name changed by a lawyer. b_ He got people to evaluate different names. ¢ They had people look at names and numbers. 1 have + agent + infinitive with/without to 2 have/get + object + infinitive/past participle 3. get + agent + infinitive with/without to eee oe 3b Ci (MRR ane S: le the correct alternative. 11 We had our flat to paint/painted by a professional. 2. L usually get my brother drive/to drive me to school ‘when it’ raining. 3. I got my cousin fix/to fix my computer for me. ‘4. Megan had her teacher look/to look at her work before she handed it in 5. You should get/have Vicki to help you homework, 6 I'm going to have my eyes tested/have tested my eyes tomorrow. 7 We had our neighbour look/looked after our cat while we were away. 8 The coach had us warm up/to warm up thoroughly before the match. your Write the sentences again using a passive or causative form. 1 They've awarded Daniel first prize. Daniel 2. I must finish this project by Friday. 3. Your hairis really long. You should have a haircut. 4 love it when people give me presents. 5. Don't forget to ask someone to stamp your passport. 6 Inthe past, people often named children after older family members. 7 asked Simon to tell me one more time. 8 Amechanic checked the engine of our car. | 5. Find and correct ten mistakes in the text. New species of plants and insects being discovered all the time, that means that scientists have to find new names for them. In recent years, many species have given the names of celebrities. Scientists inspired to name a species of plant Lady Gaga | because an outfit she wore to an award ceremony reminded them of the plant. A species of spider is carried the name of Angelina Jolie and a flower fly is name Bill Gates. One beetle was given the name Kate Winslet for the scientist who was discovered it The reason, he said, was that her character survived in the film Titanic. Provided that deforestation stops soon, the same isn't true of this beetle.Developing vocabulary and listening ‘la Find the word that has a different prefix. Add the correct prefix to the word. 1 un- justifiable honest — satisfactory expected 2 im- consistent perfect mature practical 3 ik legitimate legal legible loyal 4 ir relevant —_resistible reversible reasonable 5 co- operate exist national produce 6 over rate estimate react understand Ib Write the correct suffix to complete these words. Adjectives Verbs Nouns 1. region 5 disqual 9 require. 2 insight. 6 loos 10 ignor 3 question. 7 special. 11 leader. 4 expect. 8 domin 12 applic. 2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words given. 1 There are fewer these days as more people work in computer-related businesses. industry My town owes much of its to tourism. prosper 3. Having a part-time job is a good way to gain some financial depend 4. [found the ending to the story very left guessing what really happened. satisfy = you're still 5 Itwasa much hard work. to finally have time to relax after so please 3 UstEWNG © 14 You are going to listen to five people talking about a defining moment in their lives. Look at the two listening tasks. Listen and complete both tasks at the same time. Task 1: For questions 1-5, choose from the list (A-H) what each speaker believes about their defining moment. There are three extra letters which you do not need to use. Speaker 1 Speaker 2 Speaker 3 Speaker 4 Speaker 5 | gained self-confidence. Ittaught me to think for myself. Heart to overcome my fears. It made me think about what's important. | discovered | was good at something. Itmade me want to learn something new. | was able to look forward to the future. It showed me I could do things on my own. TA ™monwr> oewNK roa™mona> Task 2: For questions 6-10, choose from the list (A-H) how each person felt at that moment. There are three extra letters which you do not need to use. & Speaker 1 7 Speaker 2 8 Speaker 3 9 Speaker 4 10 Speaker 5 disappointed in themselves proud of something they'd done relieved and happy annoyed at other people envious but inspired anxious about 2 new situation aware of something new glad they weren't alone 4 Q 16 Now listen again and complete your answers. Care 5 Complete the sentences ith these words. forgetful » memories + memorise memory * recall » reminds 1. I'msso sorry | didn’t call you on your birthday. I've been a bit lately. 2 This place me of where | used to live when | was younger. | 3. Phrasal verbs are difficult to learn - you just have to them. 4 Iseem to hearing that name somewhere before. 5 When my grandfather was at school, he had to commit long lists of words to 6 Looking at all these photos brings back of when we were young, eit i ee 61Write the sentences again without emphasis. 41 It was a training day that we were on. We were: 2. What happened was that we were asked one day to write a poem. 3. it was that teacher who taught me that. 4 Itdid make me realise that you shouldn't underestimate yourself. 5. Ido remember the food, which | thought was inedible. Match the sentences (1-7) with the continuation (a-g). 1. had to stay late yesterday to go to the library. 2. I didn't get to school on time this morning, 3. Watching TV isn’t very interesting, 4 | don’t usually mind being busy. 5 It wasn’t my application form that impressed them. o I tried to follow the instructions x ‘The fact that I'd been there before didn’t matter. Inthe end, it was my mum who showed me what to do, Itwas the way that | spoke at the interview. What annoys me is having no free time at the weekend. | did manage to have a good time. It was after 7 o'clock when I got home. | do make an effort to see the news, though. What happened was that | overslept and missed the bus. ere ance Write the sentences again with empha: 1 My sister told me the good news. It 2 {did it without thinking, What happened 3. Iremember most that we were all together that night. What 4 I passed my exams by studying hard, It 5. My teacher suggested that | apply for the course, It 6 I wanted to learn to be independent. What 7 actually won first prize. What happened fOMeuukueias : CTT item Umea 4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of these verbs. Use emphatic do, does or did whenever itis possible. cycle + decide « do + enjoy + go + have + help | Tike + need » spend + take + talk + tell » want 1 Evan to school every day, and he likes the exercise, but it hima long time 21 most of my project myself, but | have to admit that my dad me with a bit of it. some free time on to goto 3. Ittums out that | Saturday after all, so if you the cinema, let me know. 4 I wasn't planning to go to the gym on Friday, but! in the end because 1 some exercise. 51 your new trainers. | wanted to buy some like that, but | my pocket money on some headphones. 6 Stephan some great stories, but he too much sometimes, 7 I'mso glad we to have a picnic in the park on Saturday. I it! 5 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs given. 1(@) love) music for as long as | can remember, but | don't think 1b) (be) where | am today if we (e) (not move) when I was eight. What (d) (happen) was that my mum (e) (give) a promotion, which meant ® (move) to anew town. | | ound it hard to fit in at my new school, and | lg) (always/complain) so my parents decided that | should take guiter | lessons. | enjoyed learning how to play, but it was my teacher who (h) (make) the difference. What (i) (inspire) me most was that he had so much confidence in me. | () (play) in a band for six years next September, and provided that everything (k) (go) according to plan, we () (release) an album next year. eet andDeveloping speaking 1 Complete the sentences with one word in each gap. 1 That's the sort of a film or on TV. that you often see in 2. | think most people have found themselves in the: kinds of at one time or another. 3 I've never been in that kind of myself, but | can imagine that 4 Most of us know from the kind of things they're probably talking about. 5 We can't say for sure what's going on, but it could be the that 2 UsTENNG @ 1? Listen to a student comparing two photos. Which photos is she describing? Tick (V) the phrases in 1 that she uses. ‘ 3 17 Listen again and complete what the student says. (@) he's leaving home for the first time because he's putting a box of his belongings in the back of the car. ) he’s going away to college or university, although | suppose he (e) into a flat with friends. But (d) from the way they're saying goodbye, they aren't going to see each other for a long time, so he (0) a course a long way from home. From the way they're sitting, I'd say this (f) some kind of interview, probably a job interview. But (g) its the woman's first interview because, (h) she’s feeling quite nervous, maybe even a bit defensive. Maybe she’s being asked some really difficult questions, orshe (i) something on her CV that wasn't quite the truth and now she’s having to justify it... So @) , she doesn’t seem happy about the situation, whereas the boy looks sad but fine. Choose two of these other photos. Make notes in the table below. What's the situation? (give reasons) How are the people | feeling? (Give reasons) What might have happened before this photo? What might happen after this photo? —_| Have you been in this kind of situation? Can you | imagine it? Write sentences to compare the photos using might, could, have ... and the phrases in 1. 6 Read the task and write your answer. Here are three pictures. They show milestones in people's lives. Compare two of the pictures and say how the people might be feeling and why they're feeling this way. ee ht EyDeveloping writing 1 Complete the words that have the same meaning. 1 questionnaire . 2 fillin « 3. answers r 4 think important v 5 people who answered 6 the first one mentioned the f 7 the last one mentioned the L 2 Complete the report with these words. data + importance + influences + influential overwhelming » significant + slightly » stand out survey * thought What helps you to define your identity? ow 40% 20% ore" Parents! frends Hobbies! Community School? Famiy eis duction ‘The frstbar chart shows the results ofa 2015 questionnaire on what helps teenagers to define theiridentity. The (a) was collected {rom 4400 students inthe US as part of a national (b). Of the five (e) looked a, hobbies and activities @ as being the most (e) factor in helping teenagers to define their identity. They were considered to hhave greatest impact by over 50% of students (). less important but stil (@) were the people in teenagers lives.Parents or family were (h) toplay an important role bby 43%, while 34% believed 'riends’ helped to shape their identity. The influence of parents and family isborne out by the second bar chart. The@) majority of gy, teenagers surveyed, 83%, stated that Isidentity created by nature or nurture? 10% they believed identity tobe created 60% by experiences, rather than genetic Inheritance, bata ‘To sum up, social environment 20% Is considered of greatest 0 inhelping ‘teenagers to define theiridentity Nae Nurture 3. Match the words and phrases that have the same 64 meaning. 1 roughly a a peak 2. considerably b drop 3 ahigh important 4 decline d_ approximately 5. the same as e ise 6 notable broadly similar to 7 increase 9 markedly P | can write a reper! based on statistics 4 Look at the graph. Correct the information in the sentences. Two sentences are correct. r Most popular US girls’ names tae tind \35 |4 4 sity Bs | #2 biony é1 1904 “1980 19201940" 1960 7000 1. The popularity of the name Ashley reached a low in 1988. 2. The popularity of the name Debra fluctuated between 1920 and 1948, 3. Just under 3% of girls had the name Ashley in 1988, 4 The name Ashley was considerably more popular in 1920 than in 1990. 5. One of the most notable changes was in the popularity of the name Linda. 6 The third most popular name in 1988 was Brittany. 7 Roughly 5.5% of girls were given the name Linda in 1950. 5 Choose one of the following and make notes in your notebook. 1. Write a report about how young people spend their money. Rens 1 Female a teens 50% 40% Male 2%. teens 20% 10% 0% *, 2 Write a report on the trends in boys’ names. & Be KS —— Most popular US boys’ names a5 30 Percent of male births 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 6 Write your report. Remember to include formal language, and vary the words you use.Revision: U: Grammar 1 bir tk tr Toy Complete the sentences with the active or passive form of the verbs given. 1. My classmates usually (call) me by a nickname. 2. Don't forget your essays (must/hand in) by the end of the day. 3. Niall hopes representative next year (elect) class 4 Anew computer system (install) so we can't use the computers at the moment. 5 Someone (borrow) my maths book yesterday and hasn't given it back. 6 I remember feeling excited about (Give) an award at primary school. 7 don’t know her well, but Alice and (go) to the same school for three years. 8 By the time we'd decided to take action to solve the problem, it (solve). 9 Anew headteacher (eppoint) at the end of the year because Mr Hunt, is retiring Write the sentences with emphasis. 1. I enjoyed that film very much. I 2. Iwas surprised that Sandra agreed to come. Ie 3. We got lost on the way home. What happened 4 My cousin taught me to play the guitar. tt 5 Itmakes sense to sleep well before an exam. ft 6 realised that other people thought the same as me. What. Find and correct the mistakes in the sentences. ‘Two sentences are correct. 1 We had painted our house last year while we were away, 2. | got Andy tell the teacher I'd be late today. 3. | wish I'd give this a bit more thought. 4 My brother had my parents to check his application before he sent it off 5 Incase you need it, here's my address. 6 Ihave photos take professionally for important documents. 7 You would tell me that now, when it’s too late. Vocabulary Read the definitions and write the missing words. 11 competition between brothers and sisters: sibling an unusual similarity: an resemblance an important step in growing up: a developmental 4. obligations of parents: responsibility 5 growing up with alot of rules a strict 6 characteristics that come from family inheritance a tendency to compete: a competitive 8 anaspect of behaviour: a social 9 an unusual way of behaving: an mannerism Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words given. 1 When you sign here, there's no going back. The decision is REVERSE 2. These instructions are too complicated. You need to them. SIMPLE 3. What are the basic for getting into university? REQUIRE 4. We disagree with the increase in student fees. They're JUSTIFY 5 I don't know why you're so upset. | think you're REACT 6 Parents should agree about rules, so there are no CONSIST 7 New roads have contributed to the town's recent PROSPER 8 Thankfully, the problem has now been resolved SATISFY Circle the correct alternative. 1. Tara's request was so unreasonable/imresistible that her parents chose to ignore it. 2. There were a lot of applicants/applications for the job, but Alex was the best. 3. Could you just give me an implication/a hint about what you want for your birthday? 4. Someone broke into our school at the weekend and made up/off with all the computers. 5. In view/support of the fact that you were honest, we're going to forgive you. 6 It was just like Eleanor to point/set out that my room was untidy. 7. The politician was slammed/ruined by the press for not telling the truth. Cee ee ed