Our Ref. 3AST 000 557 Rev 01 Your Ref. January 20, 2006 Page 1/38

ABB Power Technologies Customer Name
Our Ref. 3AST 000 557 Rev 01 Your Ref.

January 20, 2006 Page 1/38
Network Manager Distribution Management
Table of Contents
1. Distribution Management Systems (DMS) Introduction.............................2
2. Integrated DMS Concept..................................................................................2
Network Manager/Distribution from ..............................................................5
3. System Overview.............................................................................................8
4. Functional Overview......................................................................................12
5. Control Room Operations Management.......................................................14
5.1 Circuit Operating Diagrams...........................................................................14
5.1.1 Operating Diagram Organization....................................................15
5.1.2 Operation Diagram Representation.................................................15
5.2 Circuit Tracing and Coloring.........................................................................16
5.3 Device Location.............................................................................................17
5.4 Interlocking and Automatic Interlock Checks................................................17
5.5 Switch Order/Switching Job Management.....................................................18
5.6 Tagging..........................................................................................................18
5.7 Safety Documents..........................................................................................19
5.8 Temporary Network Changes (Jumpers)........................................................19
6. Distribution Network Analysis......................................................................21
6.1 Load Calibration............................................................................................21
6.2 Distribution /Operator Power Flow- Balanced...............................................22
6.3 Distribution/Operator Load Flow - Unbalanced.............................................23
6.4 Ground Fault and Short Circuit Management................................................24
6.5 Fault Location, Isolation and System Restoration..........................................25
7. Service Information System and Work Order Clearance............................27
7.1 Service Information System...........................................................................27
7.2 Work Order Clearance...................................................................................28
8. Trouble Call based Outage Management.....................................................29
8.1 Trouble Call Management..............................................................................29
8.2 Outage Analysis.............................................................................................30
8.3 Crew and Resource Management...................................................................31
8.4 Outage Status Monitoring and Reporting.......................................................31
9. Data Engineering............................................................................................33
9.1 External master database (GIS/NIS import)...................................................35
9.2 Internal master database (DE400)..................................................................37
3AST001662, 2001-12-20.
We reserve all rights in this document and in the information contained therein. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties without express authority is strictly forbidden. © ABB Utilities; 2001.
1. Distribution Management Systems (DMS) Introduction
A DMS is the key system within the overall mosaic of real-time and support functions that
are now becoming common place within utilities with distribution networks and required for
efficient operation. Substation (SA) and Feeder Automation (FA) when combined with
traditional SCADA provide the real-time elements whereas Enterprise IT systems (EITS)
such as Geographic Information System (GIS), Work Management (WMS) and Customer
Information /Relationship Management systems (CIS/CRM) provide the necessary
information on assets, personnel and customers (consumers).
Utilities are implementing DMS s to deliver efficiencies to the distribution network
business. The justification varies form utility to utility and from country to country
depending on the business environment. Typical general reasons and savings given by
companies are:
 Reduction in Operation and Maintenance Costs (crew time savings, other manpower
savings, improved control room processes, report generation etc.)
 Network Capacity Expansion Deferral (deferral of new substation and feeder capacity)
 Improvement in network efficiency for power delivery (reduction in losses, improved
voltage regulation and load control)
 Improved reliability and quality (generally reduced restoration times (SAIDI)
 Improved Asset Loading and Network Data for Planning information (correct loading
data and information on the network performance)
These benefits and savings are directly related to the level of remote control (automation),
DMS functions implemented and the scope for improvement within the existing power
distribution network. The scope for improvement is dependent on network structure,
design policies, the operating condition of the network and the regulatory environment.
Although DMSs have been evolving over the past 20 years with the implementation of
SCADA adapted for distribution networks, Trouble Call based Outage Management
Systems and applications running on GIS platforms, all as independent applications, there
is now a clear indication for a truly integrated approach.
The differentiator between an Energy Management Systems for Transmission networks
and a DMS is the ability to accommodate both real-time and manual control of an electric
network with many elements as required by distribution systems.
2. Integrated DMS Concept

A DMS can be formulated as comprising four main modules which, when implemented,
form a tightly integrated system with common command structure and seamless data
transfers. These are the four key control modules.
 Control Room Operations Management (CROM)
 SCADA
 Advanced Applications (ADVAPPS)
 Outage Management -Trouble Call Management (TCM)
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All of which have to be supported by other Enterprise IT systems through a Data

Engineering function that provides one point of data entry from these systems
The overall concept is illustrated in Figure 1 below.
Real-Time Demand Time

System Events Response Time System Events
Control Room Functions

(1)
Supervisory Control
Control Room Outage (4)
Operations
(2) And
Data Management Management
Acquisition (CROM) (TCM)
(Trouble Call)
(SCADA)
Advanced
Applications (3)
(ADVAPPS)
Data Engineering
NIS WMS CIS

Network Information Work Management Customer Information
System System System
As-Built System,GIS
Corporate Enterprise IT Systems & Functions
Figure 1, Main modules of an integrated DMS
Control Room Operations Management

The Control Room Operations Management function is created to encompass the need
for one view of the operations process that is conducted in the control room on a daily
basis. It represents the user interface or Human Machine Interface (HMI). This function
provides the operator with his view on the network - however he wishes to visualize it -
geographically, schematically, in either a world map or paged format. It also provides the
command structure for controlling the network (SCADA and manually operated devices),
maintaining the operating diagram(s) with operator notes and tags, performing temporary
network changes, importing permanent changes and invoking any other application
function that has been implemented as part of the DMS. Further all tabular output such as
alarms; outage management windows, crew management and switching order preparation
are managed through the Control Room Operations Management module. In summary
Control Room Operations Management provides the following:
 Control Room Graphics System (CRGS) for network diagram display.
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 Interface to SCADA (in fully integrated systems traditional SCADA is effectively

expanded to provide the CROM function).
 Switching Order Preparation and Management.
 Access to Advanced Applications (ADVAPPS) including Trouble Call (TCMS) or
Outage Management (OM).
 Interface to Data Engineering Application for DMS data modifications and input from
enterprise IT systems (EIT).
SCADA
This module provides all the traditional real-time functions such as, data acquisition,
control, alarming and alarm management, historical archiving (IS&R), trend analysis etc.
Advance Applications (ADVAPPS)
Advance Applications should be viewed as operator decision support tools that allow
calculations to be made on the network to access loading conditions and the viability of
making switching changes. They also provide a system approach to the optimal control of
VARs, voltage regulation, and loss minimization. Intelligent applications are also used for
fault location, isolation and restoration in which remedial switching arrangements are
proposed automatically. They run in real-time on the as operated network state within
the DMS. The application must execute in real-time yet have study capability for
operational planning
Outage Management Trouble Call Management
Outage management is an important function since its purpose is to facilitate returning a
faulted system to full supply as fast as possible while minimizing the number of customers
affected. The Trouble Call Management approach has traditionally been the main method
of achieving this with limited input from SCADA. This approach is changing with
increased SCADA penetration encompassing SA and FA, which provide faster information
on fault location and also notification to the operators. An integration of ADVAPPS and
TCM is now possible to further improve the outage management capabilities yet maintain
the need to notify customers of events. Hence in figure 1 above the outage management
module is shown to overlap the CROM and ADVAPPS modules too infer this integration.
Data Engineering (DE)
The DE module is a key function for populating and maintaining the database within the
real-time control room system. The module should have sufficient features to either accept
data from an external source, facilitate database creation as a standalone function or a
combination of both. The latter requirement is usual since even though EIT systems such
as GIS hold considerable network data, additional data to describe the real-time data
acquisition system and the organization of displays has to be added. Import of network
data form a GIS is beneficial provided that the GIS has a full Network Information System
(NIS) implemented that provides a decipherable connectivity and attribute model for input
to the DMS.
Any incremental update to the network or data acquisition system must be made through
the DE module where it is a requirement for a DMS that incremental changes can be
made to the run-time system on-line without the need to fail-over (the method traditionally
used for most transmission EMSs).
To allow interfaces to be made between the DMS and other EIT applications open
standard APIs are now considered a necessity even though certain other data modeling
standards are incomplete.
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Redundancy
All modern DMS architectures require redundancy having hot fail-over without loss of
data. The redundancy feature should extend to all mission-critical DMS control room
functions and emergency or backup control centers.
Distribution Network Business Processes
The successful implementation of a corporate Distribution Management System, DMS,
must provide support to all business units in the utility. As visualized in Figure 2, the
network management related activities of planning, operation and control are highly
interdependent with the financial, commercial and support service functions, since
information and operation guide-lines are provided by these business functions. This
figure is only conceptual identifying the major corporate functions and information flows.
To protect the invested capital and to minimize the duplication of data and functions, the
DMS must also be able to take full advantage of these related corporate information
systems.
Plans Operations Conditions
• Quality of Service
• Human & Material
Resource Mgmt.
Planning Control
• System Expansion • SCADA/EMS/DMS
& Design • Load Management
• Normalization • Autm. Meter Reading
(Standards) • Crews
Consumer & Asset

Objectives Load Info Information
Financial Commercial Support Service
• AM/FM/GIS
• Customer Information
• Strategy • Work Order
System
• Personnel • Inventory
• Billing & Accounting
• Engineering
Figure 2 The Distribution Management Context

.
The necessity of information technology as an effective business tool in re-engineering the
business has been identified by the utilities as they strive for efficiencies. These
efficiencies can only be exploited if all functions required managing the network business,
changing from isolated islands of information to a coordinated and integrated information
system.
Open computer architectures and the standardization of operating systems, networked
graphic interfaces and communication protocols now allow the realization of integrated
and coordinated corporate business tools.
Network Manager/Distribution from Network Manager SCADADMS follows the DMS
concept described in the previous sections and provides powerful support for operation
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of distribution networks. The DMS is integrated in ABB’s Network Manager

environment.
The Network Manager exhibits the following salient features
 A fully integrated Distribution Management System with comprehensive and
powerful functionality for distribution system operation based on extensive Control
Room Operations Management functions.
 Offers a homogeneous and user friendly Human Machine Interface for the whole
spectrum of distribution management applications.
 Provides a unified graphical data engineering environment for data take-on and
data maintenance, facilitating a single point of entry for both graphical
representations and object data.
 High performance and robust Advanced Applications with a continuous multi
voltage network model.
 Rule based dynamic network coloring and tracing feature with global and local
settings
 Integration capabilities with Geographical Information System (AM/FM/GIS)
databases.
 Provides smooth migration paths from distribution SCADA to complete Distribution
Management Systems.
 Dynamic Authority Control Assignment
 Full dual redundancy with hot standby and backup/emergency control room
function
 Cyber security enabled following developing global standards
 Wed User interface for view access (IS500).
The flexibility of Network Manager DMS allows the appropriate modules and sub
modules to be selected to configure an implementation that will meet not only the
utilities control room practices, operations procedures and business processes but also
the economic goals of the enterprise. NM DMS has successfully been delivered and in
operation at a number of site of which two are notable for their particular
implementation
The ABB experience in delivering a variety of solutions using the appropriate Network
Manger modularity to meet specific requirements is proven through many projects. The
significant ones in operation or under contract are mentioned below for reference:
 Hidroelectrica del Cantabrico in Spain (with integrated Trouble Call based Outage
Management);
 E.on ( formerly Sydkraft) in Sweden (with integrated Trouble Call based Outage
Management);
 Essent and Interelektra in Holland and Belgium, respectively; and
 Hong-Kongs China Light and Power.
 ESCOM in South Africa (5 control rooms) under contract
 Zheijiang Provincial Electricity, China
 Reliance Energy Delhi, India (under contract)
 Reliance Energy Mumbai, India (under contract)
 Patna Electric PESU, India (under contract)
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The E.on (Sydkraft) reference is of particular relevance due to the fact that this utility
has in operation the latest version of the integrated Network Manager
SCADA/DMS/Trouble Call based Outage Management System (TCOMS) and Facilplus
based data engineering and Network Information (NIS).System
Similarly integrated Network Manager SCADA/DMS/OMS solutions are currently under
deployment at Eskom Distribution in the Republic of South Africa (5 systems) and for
the Zheijiang Provincial Electricity Company at the cities of Hangzhou and Ningbo in
China. In these cases the systems are integrated with non-ABB network information
systems supplied by Smallworld but under a total turn key project delivered by ABB for
GIS and DMS implementation.
The DMS implementation at China Light and Power has in been operation for over five
years presently with a target to be controlling 6,000RTUs by the end of 2005 with an
expansion target of at least 12,000 controlled RTUs. The real-time data change facility
within Network Manager has allowed this continual expansion to be accomplished
where the additions of remotely controlled distribution substation approaches ten a day
without system fail over.
In India Network Manager SCADA/DMS has been selected by Reliance Energy for
their networks in Delhi and Mumbai, the latter replacing an existing Siemens system.
The SCADA functionality has passed FAT in an accelerated schedule of 6 months and
now the DMS data intensive task is on going. Network Manager has also been
selected by the Patna Electric Utility for their city network.
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3. System Overview
The Network Manager/Distribution concept is modular made up of a number of
independent yet integrated functions running on top of a base platform. This modularity
allows for flexible configuration of the DMS, adding modules as and when required.
Hence, the Network Manager facilitates a gradual growth from a base system through
phased implementation as the distribution network operating requirements expand or
change.
The Network Manager base platform provides the real-time environment with message
passing and database management required by the application modules. The platform is
a powerful environment for the implementation and execution of applications, and allows
data to be distributed across a number of sites.
The platform services are common to the whole family of Network Manager products; thus
integrated control of transmission and distribution systems is possible from one base
platform.
Network Manager forms the control room system of a corporate-wide DMS.
Network Manager/Distribution Architecture
Network Manager is a fully integrated system with tight coupling between the real-time
and display functions. This meets the performance requirements of distribution systems
with multiple voltage levels and thus e.g. Dynamic Network Coloring (DNC) and control
actions at any level propagate between the various voltage levels. Integration with the
EMS hierarchy is also achieved with this architecture (Figure 3).
Servers Operator Stations
SCADA/DMS SIS/OMS DTS DE Web Operator Local Engineering

(9 stations) (5 stations)
LAN Switches
Routers
Alarm Logger
Plotter
Other users
WAN (2 stations)
Protocol
Translator
RTUs
Figure 3 Typical Network Manager System showing distribution of processes and

applications
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The minimum system comprises the basic Control Room Operations Management
(CROM) functions. CROM includes all the basic functions required by operators to
manage the daily tasks in the control room for both remotely controlled and manually
operated network devices. The full-graphics Human Machine Interface (HMI) provides the
operator with a common method lookandfeel invoking all CROM functions (Figure 4).
Traditional
Display
Document
Figure 4 Sample Displays form the Network Manager WS500 HMI
Imported
The Network Manager functionality is supported by following application modules:
GIS
 Control Room Operations Management Worldmap
 Distribution Network Analysis

 Work Order Management (SIS)
ActiveX
Document
 Outage Management (Trouble Call and Advanced Application based) HTML Web
Document
 Support and Maintenance tools
Integration with external systems
The Network Manager can be integrated with other external systems and the following
interfaces can be provided. Network Manager includes a powerful set of Application
Programming Interfaces (APIs) to implement these interfaces. Since all external systems
are different special studies on how to design the interfaces have to be conducted in each
individual case.
Horizontal Integration
GIS/CIS
The Geographical Information Systems (GIS), Automated Mapping/Facilities Management
(AM/FM) are the foundation for network information (Network Information System (NIS))
maintain the "as-built" asset and facilities data and are used as the primary network
extension planning and documentation tool. Network Manager supports incremental and
total import of data from GIS, AM/FM and NIS systems. This means that the data defined
at the planning stage can be used by Network Manager and no double input of data is
necessary. This procedure is normally called GIS Import.
The Customer Information System (CIS)/ Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
containing all customer records and billing information, personnel systems and work
management applications for construction management.
Work Management Systems (WMS) and Computerized Maintenance Management
Systems (CMMS) are also being deployed by utilities to optimize maintenance strategies
and procedures through efficient crew scheduling and maintenance planning. Use of
mobile resources is part of this function and must be coordinated in the management of
information flow.
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Distribution Planning
The Network Manager can operate with any distribution planning environment that the
utility has or intends to implement, using a customized interface where required. This
allows for integrated long term planning of the network expansion and upgrades to be
conducted using as the base the same network connectivity mode. Planning ahead for
future network expansion results in a more efficient, manageable network, and also leads
to more precise capital expenditure.
Vertical Integration
Demand Side Management
Through the Control Room Management function access to Demand Side Management
systems can be provided. These systems provide functions for peak load forecasting and
the formulation and execution of load management strategies. With remote intelligent
metering, readings can be performed as frequently as required, making flexible tariff
switching and dynamic pricing possible. In addition, remote ground fault detection and
remote load voltage readings can be used both for load modeling, planning and fault
analysis purposes.
Substation Control and Protection
The capability to interface to ABB's or other vendors substation control and protection
systems allows remote operation and setting of digital relays and protection equipment. It
also helps in fault location by allowing the remote reading and presentation of results from
fault recorders and protection equipment. Please refer to the SCADA section for further
information.
APIs for Integration
Network Manager maintains a set of APIs that allow the above interface to be created
during projects once the data models and interface transactions have been defined.
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Figure 5 Graphical depiction of Network Manager APIs
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4. Functional Overview
The Network Manager/Distribution is a state of the art software system for distribution
network operation and planning that can be used in a number of ways of which the
following are examples.
Detailed Information on Distribution Network Status
Network Manager continually provides a detailed graphical current image of the
distribution system through a system operating diagram display picture. The operator can
navigate around the diagram(s) to display more detailed information such as:
 Status: Current state of switching, equipment, outages, restoration and on-going maintenance.
 Operating data: Voltages, flows, and equipment loading shown in the operating diagrams.
Operating data are based on both measured data and data calculated using Distribution Network
Analysis functions.
 Warning: Notification of severe operating or service problems, repair assignments.
 Temporary: Current operating conditions and operator notes (tags)
The information is based on data from SCADA and Distribution Network Analysis
applications.
Control Room Displays
Network Manager provides the distribution dispatcher with a "mirror" of the distribution
system's current status and expected future performance. A model of the distribution
system is maintained with precise details on switching, dynamic topology, equipment
settings and outages.
The dispatcher can choose to have the system to display this information according to his
choice of operating diagram format, usually either as a geographically oriented distribution
map or a one-line schematic diagram representation specific to the utility.
If a severe problem develops, the system brings it to the operator's attention by
summarizing the problem in a message window and highlighting the affected equipment.
Information displayed can be switched back and forth between diagram picture formats.
Maps and diagrams can be instantly zoomed in and out, or panned over the system for a
more detailed look at problem areas. Trouble areas, temporary measures, safety tags and
more are summarized and highlighted.
The dispatcher can visualize trouble areas not only based on outages confirmed SCADA
report, based on a crews action such as a manual switch operation, or by the crews field
report, but also areas, where outages are inferred based on analysis of trouble calls.
The system also makes information about the outages and affected trouble areas
available to the Customer Service Representatives in the call center.
The operator can use Network Manager to prioritize the outages, choose the crews for the
outages, track them through the restoration process and have information about the work
status of the crews.
Control Room Procedures
Operating personnel have over the years developed procedures within the control room
that have proven acceptable and ensured safe operation. Introduction of any new
computerized system must respect the important procedures if it is to be accepted without
significant disruption of personnel. It must thus be possible to imitate the majority of the
control room procedures undertaken by the operating personnel in a utility. This is
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possible within the command structures of Network Managers on-line assistance to the
operators when carrying out control commands. Use of standardized working procedures
is facilitated.
When command structures are used for actions like coordination of manual switching
operations performed by line crews, embedded safety procedures have to be followed
before subsequent actions can be taken. The software automatically checks for grounding
rods, mandatory and safety warning tags on the equipment being switched.
Executions of pre-defined and pre-tested sequential switching plans improve the speed
and implementation of the plans. All event logging and reporting is automated and linked
with the command structure of the Control Room Management module.
Network Manager provides a function for definitions of switching plans, which include tools
for preparation, review and approval of switching plans and provides also further
functions, which offer the operational staff an efficient and powerful tool, making it
possible to administer, create, simulate and approve switching plans for work on the
network in a swift and intuitive way via support of complex Switch Order Management
workflow and distribution of information between different parts of a utility.
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5. Control Room Operations Management

Network Manager control room operations management provides the operator with a view
on the distribution network operation through open system standards and full graphics
human machine facilities.
The Platform, SCADA and Human Machine Interface functionality is the basis for the DMS
control room operations management:
 Database and Message Passing
 Data Acquisition
 Remote Control
 Manual Entry
 Alarm and Event Handling
 Historical Data Processing
Specifically some SCADA and the Human Machine Interface functions are provided to
meet the special needs in the DMS context:
 Circuit Operating Diagram
 Circuit Tracing and Coloring
 Device Location
 Interlocking
 Switching Job Management
 Tagging
 Safety Documents
 Abnormal Switch Status Handling
 Temporary Network Changes
Other control room operations management functions are provided through other Network
Manager components:
 Distribution Network Analysis
 Work Order Management
 Outage Management
 Support and Maintenance tools
5.1 Circuit Operating Diagrams

Utilities have evolved their own particular operating diagrams for the control room to
satisfy individual needs. Thus a variety of display picture organizations and
representations exist within the industry. This is particularly evident for medium voltage
systems where the number of network elements is large and the geographic coverage
immense unlike higher voltage transmission networks which traditionally have followed
only one common schematic representation.
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5.1.1 Operating Diagram Organization

The picture organization has been designed to accommodate most commonly used
operating diagram organizations and representations for distribution networks that can
also be linked to the transmission network operating diagrams.
The following describes, as an illustration, the commonly used display picture
representations and their organization.
There are two basic methods of organizing operating or control diagram pictures
 Top-down (page or sheet pictures) in which the entire network at the detailed operating level is
arranged in a set of pages or operating islands. The structure of the actual distribution network
(rings with limited inter-ties) is such that it is possible to set up these islands, since minimal
interconnection exists with adjacent islands. Typically the islands have a maximum of five
primary substations and interconnecting feeders. Navigation within each page is relatively
simple using pan and zoom features since the majority of the diagram is easily visible on a
typical control console monitor. Access to operating level diagrams is through a hierarchy of
overview diagrams, starting from an overview of the service area from which a set of district
diagrams can be accessed. From these the actual operating level diagrams are retrieved. Hence,
the term "top down" for describing the organization of the pictures. The number of layers
depends on their optimal organization and representation of the distribution network.
 Bottom-up (world coordinate system - world map) uses as the basis for organization of the
electric network a continuous display picture of the entire service area with sufficient detail for
operation. Navigation is accomplished by virtually continuous pan and zoom features with
extensive declutter capability. The overview diagram is obtained from the most simplified
version of the basic system operating diagram. Therefore the designation "bottom-up". Other
location routines facilitate the fast look-up and display of known elements in the world
coordinate space. This representation is used by utilities with highly interconnected medium
voltage networks or extensive rural systems where representation of distance is important.
Also, the use of the same representation as in the GIS is considered critical.
Network Manager supports both these methods.
5.1.2 Operation Diagram Representation

In addition to the way operating diagrams are organized there are a number of typical
representations being used by power distribution utilities.
 Schematic. These diagrams are single-line representations of the network showing primary
substation bus bar arrangements, feeder connections, distribution substations with switches and
loads, and other line devices such as capacitors, regulators and fuses. They do not represent
distance but aim to show an even density of information. The single-line diagrams are usually
known as orthogonal since the lines are drawn only horizontally and vertically. This
representation is used by both top-down and bottom-up organization of control room display
pictures
 Geographic. A true geographic map of the network is used to control operation. Although
providing accurate distance information and commonly used for rural networks, the congestion
in dense areas of the network requires access to schematic pictures of primary substations and
switching points. These are usually arranged on a page basis accessed from the geographic
diagram. This representation refers only to the feeder layout and does not infer that
background cadastral data is part of the representation
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 Geo-schematic. This representation is a combination of the first two. The general geographic
layout is maintained, but in dense areas the network is stretched and in sparse areas the feeders
are shortened.
 Background Maps. Management of the manually operated medium voltage and low voltage
networks requires more geographical orientation and information in order to effect network
restoration, develop practical switching plans and supervise repair crews. Repair crews often
need direction and then refer to geographical background maps. Access to detailed background
maps of the "as-built" system with cadastral data is becoming a requirement in today s DMS. It
can be provided as picture loaded into Network Manager or by window access directly into a
GIS.
The flexibility provided by the Human Machine Interface enables different representations
to be selected independently or simultaneously as a set of linked pictures with all
operating diagrams having the following features:
 Not all circuit devices have to be represented in a diagram allowing the operator to work with
simplified schematic and geographic representations.
 The same object can be shown in several diagrams.
 Different symbols may be used in each of the diagram types.
 Each diagram may be displayed independently at different zoom and declutter levels.
 The organization of zoom and declutter levels can be independent for each diagram type.
 Complete flexibility in the hierarchical linking of pictures.
 Toggling between representations.
5.2 Circuit Tracing and Coloring

Network components can be automatically colored using the Dynamic Network Coloring
(DNC). Dynamic Network Coloring is a topology function that is based on the current
status and connectivity and it displays lines, buses, etc. in appropriate colors. The result is
presented by coloring of world map overview pictures and station single line diagrams.
Dynamic Network Coloring has following features:
 It reflects real-time events and status changes as they happen.
 It distinguishes network components with a common property (voltage, type, etc.)
 It provides the operator with the facility to analyze the conditions of any part of the DMS
network database.
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The following two modes of operation are provided.

 Global Dynamic Network Coloring involving the entire network
 Local Tracing function provided to individual operators
The Dynamic Network Coloring function is also used for presenting the result of the
Ground Fault Localization, the Short Circuit Localization and the Fault Localization,
Isolation and System Restoration functions.
Tracing function services answer specific questions about the actual network connectivity
and the power flow conditions:
 Connected Source Tracing traces all sources connected to a selected element and colors all the
valid paths.
 Interconnection tracing traces all elements connecting two given elements and colors all paths
between the elements.
 Load Tracing traces all loads connected to a selected element and colors all the valid paths
leading from the selected element to the consumers.
 Main Source Tracing traces all sources connected to a selected element and colors the shortest
path to the source with the highest defined apparent power and which is feeding that element.
 Profile Tracing is a combination of connectivity and flow tracing. It gives the operator a
possibility to display calculated values corresponding to points along a selected path in the
power system, on an XY plot. This function is only available if the Operator Load Flow of the
Distribution Network Analysis package is included in the scope.
5.3 Device Location

The Locate function enables the operator to quickly locate network components within the
current operating diagram or globally through any alarm or event list or a dedicated
dialogue.
The network components to be located can be selected from a list of objects, either on a
global basis or after being sorted according to component type. Selection using the object
ID text string with wild cards is supported. The network components to be located can be
selected from status list, event list or alarm list.
When an object is selected, the current picture will be oriented around the selected object.
If the current zoom and declutter level hides the selected object, the first visible level will
be used. In principle all dynamic picture objects can be selected for device location.
When an object exists in more than one picture a list of the pictures is given for selection.
The locate function also operates on both permanent and temporary objects (line cuts and
jumpers).
5.4 Interlocking and Automatic Interlock Checks

The Interlock function prevents prohibited commands and manual entries of inappropriate
status. The user can define an interlock condition, or a sequence of conditions, to be
checked each time a control command is given or a new status of an indication is
manually entered. Control requests that do not meet these conditions will normally be
rejected, but can be by-passed in emergency and test situations if they are defined
accordingly. Interlock conditions are logical and specified using the Network Manager
Programming Language, e.g. checking that a certain device is open or a power line is de-
energized.
3AST001662, 2001-12-20.
The system already includes some predefined interlock conditions that are based on
topology and does not need a special programming. These are so called Automatic
Interlock Checks and include:
 Connecting grounded and energized devices
 Connecting two network groups or closing network loops
 Opening critical path, where a load will be de-energized
Also the setting of a tag can be interlocked against another tag. The following tags on a
device will also be considered for switching jobs and manual data entries:
 Do not operate (check ONLY for local object)
 Do not close (check ONLY for local object)
 Do not open (check ONLY for local object)
 Ground (check also applicable for network group)
 Do not isolate (check also applicable for network group)
 Do not energize (check also applicable for network group)
5.5 Switch Order/Switching Job Management

Switching job management helps the operator prepare and have approved all switching
actions on the distribution network, which in many utilities must conform to strict policies
established for supply continuity and safety of field crews. Switching jobs are used to
conduct and record all distribution network switching operations. In particular these are
required to isolate safely an area of the network where work is planned or initiated. They
also record the switching actions required to recover an area of the network after a fault.
Switching Job Management is realized using the general Job Management tool.
Job Management includes functions for preparation, review and approval of job
specifications, recording of job instructions and carrying out remote plant operations using
the SCADA control functions. The jobs specifications can be tested in the study database.
The work of producing and administrating switch jobs (work orders) is extensive, since
outage and work requests originate from different parts of a utility (different departments
or zones), where the requests can handle various types of work, ranging from
maintenance of network parts to tree trimming and construction work.
The Network Manager Service Information System and Work Order Clearance functions
(see section 9 for further description) enhance the functionality of Job Management tool,
and offer the operational staff an efficient and powerful tool, making it possible to
administer, create, simulate and approve work orders for work on the network in a swift
and intuitive way via support of complex Work Order Clearance workflow and distribution
of information between different parts of a utility.
5.6 Tagging
Tagging supports definition, handling and presentation of a number of tag types. The
function includes multiple device tags with different priority. The tag status is displayed in
operating diagrams as well as in dedicated lists. The significance of the different tag types
is entirely defined by the customer.
3AST001662, 2001-12-20.
Tagging is conveniently combined with Job Management, Interlocking and Safety

Documents to enhance the operation and security of the power system, for instance, by
blocking hazardous control actions.
5.7 Safety Documents

The Safety Documents is a function, which enhances the security when performing control
and maintenance actions in the power system. Using the Safety Document function, it is
possible to specify
 Checks of the status of power system objects to be performed before the attempted actions in
the power system are commenced.
 Blocking of hazardous control actions during the course of the attempted actions in the power
system.
5.8 Temporary Network Changes (Jumpers)

The Temporary Network Changes function enables the user make temporary additions or
deletions to the network as well as changes of state to circuit operating devices. This
function is required to maintain an accurate state of the manually controlled portion of the
distribution network as line crews report back changes made in the field. This function is
provided through the creation and removal of temporary network elements.
The following types of changes are supported:
 Connect two existing lines by adding a temporary line.
 Cut a line
 Add a temporary grounding device on an already existing line.
The creation of any of the above temporary changes will be reflected in the distribution
network model and in the coloring of the representations of the distribution operating layer
diagrams.
3AST001662, 2001-12-20.
Figure 6 Grounding-rod, line cut and temporary line applied to the real-time system
3AST001662, 2001-12-20.
6. Distribution Network Analysis

The Distribution Network Analysis applications provide the operator with functions for:
 real-time analysis of actual status of the distribution network balanced and unbalanced
 study of possible operating situations in order to facilitate the selection of control actions and
network operation
6.1 Load Calibration

Load in a distribution network unlike a transmission network is not generally measured at
the load point thus a method to estimate all loads in the network taking into account all
available data has to be devised to calibrate the loads according to measured values in
other parts of the network. The Load Calibration application calculates individual feeder
loads (real and reactive power) for use by the Operator Load Flow application for
balanced and unbalanced networks.
The Load Calibration is performed separately for the balanced and unbalanced network
part. Both network parts could be overlapping. Normally the transformer between HV- and
MV network are considered in both calculations.
The Load Calibration component performs this function by distributing load measured at
points (Metering Points) along the feeder.
The Load Calibration is divided into three steps. The first step is a "static load calibration".
Input for this calculation is the static information, like load profiles, number of supplied
customers and season. The results are "static" values for the active and reactive power
consumption. The second step is a "topological load calibration". This function uses the
results of the static load calibration for the power consumption, the latest measurement
values and the current topology of the network to determine "dynamic" values for the
active and reactive power consumption. For balanced networks these values are used as
"pseudo measurements" together with the real measurements as input for a state
estimation (third step). For unbalanced networks these values are used as load values
together with the real measurements of loads and injections as input for an unbalanced
load flow calculation. Additional iterations are performed by alternating unbalanced
topological load calibration and unbalanced load flow calculation for the unbalanced
network part.
3AST001662, 2001-12-20.
Figure 7 - Overview Load Calibration
The load calibration is applicable for radial and meshed networks. In practice, there are no
restrictions in network topology, or network size.
In study mode the operator can choose any date and time to achieve the right load
characteristics.
The load calibrations can be executed in three modes:
 cyclic where the interval time is online adjustable,
 event driven in case of status changes in the network topology,
 manual by operator request.
Every hour a complete unbalanced and balanced load calibration is executed, whereas in
the meantime only the topological calibration and the state estimation respectively
unbalanced load flow are executed.
6.2 Distribution /Operator Power Flow- Balanced

The purpose of the LF function is to provide the complete steady-state solution for a
power system network for specified network conditions either in real-time or in study
mode.
In real time mode the LF function refines the output from the load calibration function by
taking the voltage dependency of the load into account.
3AST001662, 2001-12-20.
In study mode the LF function can be used to study possible operating situations in order
to facilitate the selection of control actions and network operation. In particular it enables
the operator to examine the voltage distribution (magnitudes and angles) and the resulting
quantities such as branch flows, injections, currents and losses corresponding to a set of
operating conditions. All calculated values are limit checked and limit violations are
flagged.
Additional capabilities are provided to allow the operator to model and simulate the
various controls and constraints in a more realistic way. These features include:
 Network Groups - For a disconnected network the load flow problem is solved for all network
groups, for which there is both generation and load within the group.
 Voltage Control by Generator
 Voltage Control by TCUL Transformer
 Manual Voltage Control by Shunt Devices
 Voltage Dependent Load Processing
 Limit Checking - The resulting values of the LF calculations are limit checked.
By using these features the operator can obtain a feasible solution for his load flow.
The LF function in study mode is operator-oriented allowing the operator to initialize his
study either from the actual on-line system conditions, or from any one of the previously
stored cases. Before executing LF calculations the operator has the possibility to modify
these conditions (global or individual changes).
6.3 Distribution/Operator Load Flow - Unbalanced

The purpose of the ULF function is to provide the complete steady-state solution for a
unbalanced power system network for specified network conditions either in real-time or in
study mode.
In real time mode the ULF function refines the output from the unbalanced load calibration
function by taking the voltage dependency of the load into account.
In study mode the ULF function can be used to study possible operating situations in
order to facilitate the selection of control actions and network operation. In particular it
enables the operator to examine the voltage distribution (magnitudes and angles) and the
resulting quantities such as branch flows, injections, currents and losses corresponding to
a set of operating conditions. All calculated values are limit checked and limit violations
are flagged.
In order to consider unbalanced networks following interconnections are supported by this
calculation:
 Three-phase lines
 Two-phase lines
 Three-phase transformers (wye-delta, delta-delta, delta-wye)
 Single-phase transformers
 Three-phase generators
 Three-phase loads (balanced and unbalanced)
 Phase-phase loads
3AST001662, 2001-12-20.
 Single-phase loads (connected to ground)

 Jumpers
 Line cut for three-phase, two-phase and single-phase lines
 Cut of a single phase
 Temporary lines (three-phase, single-phase and single phase between two different
phases)
The function uses the iterative current injection method (gauss iterative method).
Additional capabilities are provided to allow the operator to model and simulate the
various controls and constraints in a more realistic way. These features include:
 Network Groups - For a disconnected network the load flow problem is solved for all network
groups, for which there is both generation and load within the group.
 Voltage Control by Generator
 Voltage Control by TCUL Transformer
 Manual Voltage Control by Shunt Devices
 Voltage Dependent Load Processing
 Limit Checking - The resulting values of the LF calculations are limit checked.
By using these features the operator can obtain a feasible solution for his load flow.
The ULF function in study mode is operator-oriented allowing the operator to initialize his
study either from the actual on-line system conditions, or from any one of the previously
stored cases. Before executing LF calculations the operator has the possibility to modify
these conditions (global or individual changes).
6.4 Ground Fault and Short Circuit Management

The Ground Fault Localization and Short Circuit Localization functions help the operator to
deal with Ground faults and short circuits swiftly and safely. The region with the fault is
identified and presented on the display. Thus the operator knows where the Ground fault
or the short circuit is located and can act to eliminate the failure. With that the power
system network is prevented from more damage and the interruption times, without supply
of energy, are shorter for the consumer.
The protection system detects failures in the power system network. Ground fault and
short circuit relays are kinds of protection relays. These relays indicate that a Ground fault
or a short circuit has appeared; they do not mark the place of the short circuit or the
Ground fault in the network, however.
Both Ground Fault Localization and Short Circuit Localization functions do not have to
build up a separate topology as they utilize the same structures for the topology as the
Dynamic Network Coloring function and therefore very fast response is achieved.
Ground Fault Location and Isolation (Localization) (only available if FLISR is not
included)
For Ground Fault Localization, the Sequence-of-events function is required.
Short Circuit Location and Isolation (Localization) details (only available if FLISR is
not included)
3AST001662, 2001-12-20.
The Short Circuit Localization follows the topology and checks for every line whether a
short circuit current has flown over the line. The line after the last short circuit indication is
the line with the fault.
If there is more than one faulty line (fault location), e.g. a short circuit in a mesh, only one
message appears in the event list.
The Short Circuit Localization starts automatically if a breaker trip indication arrives.
The operator can see the line with the short circuit in the online displays. The line with the
short circuit obtains a dedicated color and/or dedicated line-style (e.g. red flashing) on the
display. The message in the event-list describes in a short form the results of the Short
Circuit Localization. It includes the information about on which line the short circuit is
located. The event list also includes a message if it is not possible to locate the short
circuit. This can happen if the short circuit is in a mesh.
6.5 Fault Location, Isolation and System Restoration

The FLISR-function helps the operator during system disturbance by filtering the incoming
system messages and supplying him with diagnosis information and recommendations for
remedial actions.
The short circuit localization part of the FLISR-function helps the operator to deal with a
short circuit swiftly and safely. The faulty region is narrowed down as much as possible so
that the operator can take action to eliminate the failure.
The isolation and restoration part of the FLISR-function gives the operator a set of
recommendations for remedial actions to help the operator to re-establish the power
supply for as many customers as possible without wasting time.
The FLISR-function is designed as a background function doing its work with a minimum
of operator interventions.
Figure 8 contains a block diagram, which shows the relationship between the different
parts of the FLISR function.
3AST001662, 2001-12-20.
Figure 8 - Block diagram with relationship between the different parts of the FLISR
function and other Network Manager components for combined Advanced Application and
Trouble Call based Outage Management (see section 9).
3AST001662, 2001-12-20.
7. Service Information System and Work Order Clearance

In the network many activities are carried-out for which outage and work requests are
issued by different parts of a utility (different departments or zones). These requests
include various types of work, ranging from maintenance of network parts to tree trimming
and construction work as well as work required to recover an area of the network after a
fault.
The Job Management tool already discussed provides operator with basic functions for
preparation, review and approval of job specifications, recording of job instructions and
carrying out remote plant operations using the SCADA control functions.
Since the work of producing and administrating switch jobs (work orders) is extensive,
Network Manager includes further functions, which enhance the functionality of Job
Management. These are Service Information System and Work Order Clearance
functions, which offer the operational staff an efficient and powerful tool, making it
possible to administer, create, simulate and approve work orders for work on the network
in a swift and intuitive way via support of complex Work Order Clearance workflow and
distribution of information between different parts of a utility.
7.1 Service Information System

The Service Information System is the main tool for recording and storing information
relevant for operations within a utility. It comprises of the Service Diary, Message
Generator and the Work Order Clearance. Service Information System information is
stored using an Oracle database; the Network Manager solution Utility Data Warehousing
(UDW) is the preferred choice for long time storage. Data can easily be accessed from
external systems or exported using standard ODBC drivers or likewise.
Service Information System supports multiple connection, i.e. operators from different
consoles can use the Service Information System simultaneously.
Service Diary
SIS main application is the Service Diary, a tool used for displaying historical as well as
ongoing and planned activities.
Operators can create new event records into the SD by using specific Excel based forms.
All event records have a reference to an object.
It covers both automatic and manual recording of activities, where automatic recording is
based on designated events in the SCADA system. The events are defined using the Data
Engineering tool DE400.
The Service Diary is also used as the gateway to the Work Order Clearance system and
the Message Generator in the network pictures.
Message Generator
The Message Generator is a tool for recording, storing and distribution of general and
specific information, where both SCADA object connected and object independent
information can be used.
The object independent part supports recording of general information in free text format.
Such recording is usually information that needs to be available among operators,
irrespective of the site.
3AST001662, 2001-12-20.
The message generator also supports alarming, integrated with the SCADA alarm list, and
tagging of objects associated with a message. The Tagging function is used for this
purpose and indicates an existing Message Generator message for an object in one-line
displays.
Each record is treated independently, and stored with traceable information of where,
when, and by whom it was created or last changed.
7.2 Work Order Clearance

The objectives of the Work Order Clearance tool are to facilitate the extensive work of
producing and administrating switch orders. It offers the operational staff an efficient and
powerful tool for creation, simulation and approval of switch orders for work on the
network in a swift and intuitive way. Work Order Clearance supports the workflow in
following steps:
1. Outage and Work Requests
Outage and work requests originate from different parts of a utility (different
departments or zones), where the requests can handle various types of work. These
outage and work requests can be issued using a separate system or can be a
common Microsoft Word type of document. Network Manager Service Information
System is used for distribution of outage and work requests.
2. Planning and Coordination
The centralized or decentralized planning department(s) receives the outage and work
requests. An external planning tool is usually used, where planning and coordination
of work is done. After planning and coordination of outage and work requests, a work
order request is issued using Network Manager Service Information System. This
request contains necessary information, in the message itself or by attaching a
document, to create a work order.
3. Work Order Creation
A person with the correct authority receives the work order request and creates a work
order using the Network Manager Work Order Clearance tool.
The operator creates switching steps in the work order and adds text concerning
measures around the switching work itself and information of administrative character.
The work order has a separate text field used as input to the customer notification
process and can have documents attached, e.g. a schematic diagrams.
4. Work Order Simulation, Approval, and Distribution
A work order can be simulated. As the operator simulates the switching, the actions
taken can be viewed in network diagrams. After successful simulation, the operator
can approve the work order, which must be done before it can be executed. After
approving, the work order is distributed to the persons concerned. Permits and Safety
Documents are included.
5. Work Order Execution and Archiving
To execute a work order the operator selects one operation step at a time and
explicitly requests its execution. Simultaneously he can see, in the schematic, which
objects are affected. For non-SCADA objects the execution only means that the
database is updated to the new state. This is valid for both the HV and the MV
network. The Outage Management function is informed about each step executed in the
switch order, so that any outages caused are marked as planned. Work orders can be
archived and old work orders can easily be retrieved and used as a base for new work
orders.
3AST001662, 2001-12-20.
8. Trouble Call based Outage Management

The Network Manager Trouble Call based Outage Management is used to manage the
distribution network outage and restoration process. It is tightly integrated to the
DMS/SCADA network model that ensures the outage engine operation is fully
synchronized with all real-time network changes whether SCADA or operator initiated.
This feature is particularly important for systems with high penetration of FA. It helps a
utility rapidly process trouble input, analyze outage causes, predict probable outages,
efficiently dispatch field crews to reduce restoration time and provide information to the
customer service representatives in the call center, all in order to improve customer
satisfaction and safeguard workers and the public.
The Outage Management consists of three principal subsystems:
 Trouble Call Management - manages incoming trouble calls, and consolidates outage
information so the operator can inform customers about restoration etc
 Outage Engine - supports outages and restoration activities including emergency switching,
trouble crew management, and outage reporting. Based on the analysis of incoming trouble
calls, it presents probable outages in the form of alarms and graphical indicators
 Crew and Resource Management - tracks field crews and their associated work including
crew types, assigned personnel, vehicle types, equipment and task times
8.1 Trouble Call Management

Trouble Call Entry
Calls received from customers, non-customers (passers-by), and power monitoring units
are registered. The utility users can use the Trouble Call Entry Form module to enter the
calls, or use the utilitys existing Customer Information System (CIS) to enter them. In the
latter method, the calls come to Network Manager via the Call Center through an
Application Program Interface (API). These calls can also come through an auto-attendant
telephone system or interactive voice response unit (VRU).
The calls and outages are presented to the operators in a full-graphics environment, so
they can visualize the trouble areas on an operating diagram of the distribution network.
Feedback to Customers
The trouble call and outage information entered is available to operators through the
Trouble Call Entry Form module, and the Customer Service Representatives (CSR) in the
call center, through the Call Center API. If the same customer calls again, the CSR will
know that he or she has called before and will pass on the most up-to-date information on
outage status and cause. If the customer calls for the first time but is in a known outage
area, the outage can be indicated to the CSR with the status information for
communication to the customer.
Network Manager provides the option to send outage information with any status updates
to the VRU, which would then play the appropriate messages to customers calling to
report an outage or obtain an update. The system can also send to the VRU, a list of
customers to call back to verify service restoration and if the customers choose, to inform
them of changes to the estimated time of restoration.
Customer Service Calls Application
3AST001662, 2001-12-20.
The Customer Service application offers Customer Service Representatives (CSRs) a

convenient method to enter or review Trouble Calls and Service Call Requests. Even for
those calls, entered using an external call entry system, or by a Voice Response Unit
(VRU), the call information is available to Customer Service Calls Application. This
application supports calls from both customers and non-customers and allows users to
quickly enter, update or view the information related to customer telephone calls.
Customers may be identified by name, address, or account number and detailed account
information can be presented.
Call entry processes supports the outage related Trouble Reports and service work orders
related Service Call Requests.
8.2 Outage Analysis

Network Manager uses an Outage Engine to analyze trouble reports and network
connectivity changes to create and maintain an up-to-date list of the out-of-service
transformers.
The Outage Engine processes line/device status and groups trouble reports that can be
associated with the upstream piece of open equipment. The grouping of trouble reports is
based on the current connectivity of the distribution circuit model, which accounts for:
current switch status, temporary line cuts and jumpers, reported device status (e.g.
SCADA controlled/monitored devices) and outages.
There are two possible states of an outage that are maintained by the Outage Engine: a
probable or inferred outage and a verified outage (confirmed by the crews field report,
SCADA report, or based on a crews action such as a manual switch operation).
When a verified outage device is restored to its closed status, the Outage Engine changes
the status of all associated trouble reports (based on the current topology of the circuit) to
resolved. Restored transformers are moved to a historical table of out-of-service
transformers.
The Outages Engine maintains an up-to-date count of the number of out-of-service
transformers connected to the open device (the outage) and determines the number of
customers associated with this outage and the total amount of kVA of distribution
transformer capacity disconnected. This information is automatically calculated for all
verified and inferred outages.
Inferred Outages
The Outage Engine analyzes trouble calls which are not associated with a known or
verified outage and groups them into probable or inferred outages. During each run of
the analysis, the Outage Engine reads all new trouble calls and all trouble calls previously
grouped into probable outages (which are not yet assigned to verified outages). From this
set of trouble calls, the Outage Engine traces the network to determine a new set of
probable outage location. The Outage Engine creates new probable outages, moves
previously inferred outages, and deletes previously inferred outages so there is an
inferred outage at each location in the new set of probable locations.
Series Sequential Outage Analysis
The Series Sequential Outage Analysis (SSQ) provides for the identification of multiple
outages on a single circuit. SSQ is able to capture each outage that occurs on a circuit
thus allowing for the system and the operator to recognize that one or more outages may
affect a group of customers. Proper identification of these conditions is critical to generate
3AST001662, 2001-12-20.
efficient repair plans, including assessing partial restoration options. In addition, the use of
SSQ can have a positive and immediate impact on the system reliability indices, while
reducing the workload of the operators.
Grouping of Calls
Network Manager periodically groups the calls into inferred outages and presents the
inferred outages to the operator in the form of outage repair orders. The analysis period,
typically once every 30 seconds, is configurable. If two hundred calls are likely caused by
the same equipment outage, the operator will see only one outage ticket rather than 200.
The inference from calls to outages is done automatically by analyzing the pattern of the
calls along the network connectivity model as described above.
Calls that are not rolled up to an equipment outage are assumed to be individual customer
service calls.
8.3 Crew and Resource Management

The operator assigns crews to each outage and tracks them through the restoration
process. They can use Network Manager to prioritize the outages, choose the crews for
the outages, and track the assignments and work status of the crews. They can also
schedule resources and track the costs of repairs.
List of available crews within a specified geographic radius with their backlog and status
are provided. This informs the operator of any crews that are already assigned to the
same circuit.
Network Manager logs crew assignments for reporting purposes, including dispatch time,
crew acceptance or rejection (and reason for rejection), en-route time, time of arrival, and
time of completing the assignment or re-assignment.
Network Manager can also interface with a work management, field automation or mobile
dispatch system so the operator will not have to enter the information manually.
Based on information received from field crews (e.g., via radio), the operator updates with
regard to repair status, cause of outage, and the type of equipment failure if any. The
status may include crew dispatched, crew arrived, cause located, repair done, etc., and
the estimated time of arrival and repair.
Employee and Resource Creation and Crew Assembly
Operators may assign work to existing crews, call-out a crew on-call, or build a crew
based on available resources (i.e. vehicles and personnel). Foreign crews can also be
created and managed.
8.4 Outage Status Monitoring and Reporting

Calculation of Affected Areas
Network Manager gets the network statuses from the operators data entry or from
SCADA and field automation as described in the previous sections. The statuses include
open and closed state of switching devices, fuse cutouts, etc., as well as temporary line
changes, such as jumpers and line cuts (open bridge or double dead-end). Based on the
new statuses, a dynamic, as-operated connectivity model is maintained, and the area
affected by the status change is calculated. The affected area is presented to the operator
graphically and translated into affected customers.
3AST001662, 2001-12-20.
As customers are restored, Network Manager can generate a call-back list and send it to
the CIS and/or VRU. The list contains all customers who have registered calls on the
system.
When the number of interrupted customers is reduced to zero, the system automatically
declares the outage complete, archives the outage records and clears them from the
system. The data will be available for historical reliability reporting as well as ad hoc
queries.
Scheduled Maintenance
Network changes may also be planned, such as for scheduled equipment maintenance or
new construction. Network Manager may help the operator plan outages by simulating
switch orders in a case study file. Nevertheless, these scheduled changes are processed,
when they are implemented, in the same way it processes other circuit changes. The
outages are included in the outage statistics, except that they are categorized as planned
or scheduled.
Feedback to Customers
The trouble call and outage information entered by the operator is available to the
customer service representatives in the call center, therefore feedback to customers can
be given as described in Trouble Call Management function.
Outage Report Generation
Network Manager summarizes the outage status and other information (e.g., the number
of calls, the number of affected customers, the number of restored customers, and the
number of customers still out of service) for both periodic and on-line situation reports to
the utility management. The reports can be company-wide, by district and region, by
substation and circuit, by cause and equipment, or for an individual customer. Reliability
indices such as SAIFI, SAIDI, CAIFI, and CAIDI can be calculated by area, substation or
circuit.
3AST001662, 2001-12-20.
9. Data Engineering
The data take-on is a major effort in the implementation of a distribution management
system and once implemented the maintenance of the diagrams and data a mandatory
task. The ultimate objective of the data engineering function is to create and maintain:
 operating diagrams and other navigational display pictures
 summary pictures and detailed schematics
 a linked database with attribute information for all represented network elements and additional
data for the tele-controlled (real-time) devices
 links to other applications supported from the DMS.
In the majority of cases, due to the magnitude of data, the distribution network model will
have been created as a corporate investment and reside in an external database, most
commonly in the Geographic Information System (GIS) or Network Information System
(NIS). This database is often termed the as-built or persistent database. It is the
corporate facilities inventory and provides the business with the details of their network
assets. In contrast the database resident in the DMS is the as-operated database, which
reflects the real-time status of the as-built system with the possible addition of temporary
changes made by the operators. There is a great need for coordinated data entry and
maintenance procedures, as well as functions facilitating common use of the available
data and information in the daily operation of the systems. Thus the GIS/NIS database
can be used as an external master database and user works with maintenance and
planning of distribution network and maintains distribution network data in the external
database of GIS/NIS system. This database is then used both for initial creation of DMS
database as well as for continuous regular update of DMS database in order to reflect
changes in the distribution network to DMS system. Network Manager provides extensive
facilities for incremental and total import of data from GIS/NIS systems.
Utilities without an existing corporate database suitable for preparing the import format
can enter and maintain the data using the suite of data engineering and picture building
tools. This approach is further referred to as the use of an internal master database.
Network Manager supports also a combination of master databases. For example, data
for the distribution part of the network can be entered/maintained with GIS/NIS and high
voltage network data can be entered/maintained by the data-engineering tool. Still both
types of data can be used in parallel in the same system.
The data engineering and maintenance process
The Network Manager Data Engineering tool (DE400) is an application for data entry of
system data. The tool is used for both the process data entry (either manually or through
data import from external systems e.g. GIS) and for the process data maintenance. The
DE400 is using the relational database Oracle as a maintenance database (MDB) for off-
line storage of the process description information. The DE 400 is an integrated graphical
tools with deep copy and paste that speed the creation of system displays by allowing
templates to be pasted and with only a name change of say a substation parent data
requirements of all child elements even down to the RTU addressing are established.
The DE 400 is a multi-user multi site application with rigorous version control capability.
3AST001662, 2001-12-20.
Figure 9 Typical HMI of the DE400 Date Engineering Tool

The Network Manager system uses Avanti database as a central real-time repository of
power system data and Oracle for the optional UDW200 Historian and Outage Management
database. When the data processing has been achieved in the maintenance database,
the result is transferred to the runtime system. The Picture Editor (PED400) is used for
creation and maintenance of picture displays or optimizing the displays created in the
DE400 at time of data input.
3AST001662, 2001-12-20.
Figure 10 - The Data Engineering and Maintenance Process

9.1 External master database (GIS/NIS import)
The GIS/NIS systems provide details of the network assets and depending on the
distribution network model implemented within the GIS the NIS function - can normally
export data describing:
 Power system objects, e.g. switches, fuses, lines, etc.
 Connectivity based on node numbers or names, connecting the objects.
 Pictures with dynamic elements, referring to power system objects (note this is a highly
customized interface and dependent on two applications).
Data imports
The Network Manager supports import of data (tables) describing power system objects
from GIS/NIS systems. In the DE400 such objects are tagged such that GIS/NIS system is
regarded as exclusive owner. An imported World map is automatically converted to the
PED400 picture display format.
Some GIS/NIS systems can deliver well-organized increments when changing the master
database. Others can only deliver total copies of the new database. The GIS import can
handle both cases. When a total copy is imported, Network Manager will compare this
with the master database and internally produce an increment for further processing.
Regardless of how the increment is produced it is assumed that the resulting database will
contain a consistent set of data i.e. imported graphics matches the topology. One
increment, imported from GIS/NIS, is stored as one Change Set in DE400.
This same procedure can be used to accept incremental updates that must pass through
the same validation process. Incremental update can be passed directly to the run time
system and if accepted immediately update the database without the need to fail over
from the back up server. The DE 400 can also be used to create a version to be used
for updating at a specific date.
3AST001662, 2001-12-20.
Data entered via DE400 and PED400

Tables imported from GIS can be complemented in DE400 and PED400 with properties
like:
 Extra picture elements in imported pictures, e.g. SCADA status points
 RTU addressing
 Functional control data
Tables maintained on the Network Manager side include DMS data such as:
 Limit value sets for process values
 New transformer types (as defined in Avanti)
 Load profiles
The DE400 includes Picture generation function, which based on imported data generates
the on-line pictures and thus avoids re-drawing the network diagrams.
Figure 11 Use of GIS/NIS system as an external master database

Data security in DE400
Imported tables are owned by GIS in the sense that only the GIS (and not DE400) is
allowed to add and delete rows (objects) in these tables. Whole selected columns
(properties) can be protected for updates from DE400 forms. Both the GIS and DE 400
can update some columns. If data is missing in GIS, data can be entered manually via DE
400 tool or automatically added by import.
Verification of the new database
After loading a Change Set into DE400 full consistency and plausibility checking is
performed. If the Change Set is disapproved in DE400 data has to be corrected in GIS
and re-exported before it can be approved.
3AST001662, 2001-12-20.
Population of the Process Data Base

After verification of the new database in DE400 tool, the new database changes are
introduced into the on-line system, where these changes are verified in runtime, approved
or rejected with the old status restored (roll-back).
Two different ways of making updates are supported - Complete Update or Incremental
Update. In addition, Network Manager offers two principal methods of on-line updates,
one without and the other with switchover.
In DMS system where changes of network data could be very frequent, the possibility to
minimize the number of switchovers is important. For that purpose the system supports a
method to introduce changes directly in the on-line server. This method does not require
any switchover, which might cause a disturbance to the on-line operation.
All objects affected by a data engineering change are automatically taken Out-of-service
while the update is in progress and set In-service afterwards. Out-of service objects are
not used by any online function; however, other objects not affected by the change are
fully operational. After loading all on-line functions are informed about modified objects
and can initiate all actions needed to bring in the new, changed or deleted objects into
their structures.
The new database with modified objects can now be tested in true real-time environment.
If the test is accepted the engineering change can be approved. A message is sent to the
DE 400 (and possibly further to a GIS/NIS system) for merging the change set to the
master database of the engineering environment.
In case of a negative test result, the engineering change may be rejected. In this case all
the updates reversed by doing the same steps as when inserting the updates but in
reverse order.
9.2 Internal master database (DE400)
The Data Engineering DE400 environment can be chosen as a master database.
The database creation can be done in several ways. The utility may want to import data
as a one time exercise from a circuits file of equipment and connectivity or from existing
control system to be replaced. The import often has to be supplemented by entry of new
data as the scope of the new system in most cases increased. Existing SCADA, EMS and
DMS can be imported to the DE400 by a very flexible data-mapping tool. Normally,
existing topology definitions lack graphic representation and hence the topology definition
is often redone using the graphical tool in DE400 and only the attributes are imported.
This simplifies future maintenance of the network topology and ensures good quality of
the data. There is a special mode where imported data can be connected to a new
graphics topology without re-entering any attribute data.
The data can also be entered manually. Especially in such cases, a well-structured and
easy-to-use entry is of utmost importance. The entered data in the network can be directly
perceived through graphical symbols and colors. Topological connectivity is specified in a
simple and intuitive way by graphically drawing the network. The same graphical definition
can be used to generate the on-line pictures to avoid drawing the network diagrams twice.
Very big volumes of data characterize typical power system network models but often
identical or similar structures are repeated. ABB has, therefore, put big emphasis on
development of tools and procedures to ease mass entry of data. The functions Deep
Copy and Paste enables the possibility to copy parts of the network, e.g. from a template
or an existing station, to another networks place. The deep copy will include all
3AST001662, 2001-12-20.
attributes of the stations, e.g. included calculations, to the new station. The only manual
action to include the new station after copy and paste is to give it the correct name and all
other identities will automatically be created. Observe that this also includes the graphical
characteristics of the objects.
Another, similar tool is the multi-change tool which enables the user to changes one or
several parameters for as selection of objects. This is a very efficient tool for changing the
behavior for a group of objects.
3AST001662, 2001-12-20.

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Network Manager Distribution Management

Network Manager Distribution Management

1. Distribution Management Systems (DMS)  Introduction

2. Integrated DMS Concept

Network Manager Distribution Management

All of which have to be supported by other Enterprise IT systems through a Data

Real-Time Demand Time

Control Room Functions

NIS WMS CIS

Corporate Enterprise IT Systems & Functions

Figure 1, Main modules of an integrated DMS

Control Room Operations Management

Network Manager Distribution Management

 Interface to SCADA (in fully integrated systems traditional SCADA is effectively

Network Manager Distribution Management

Plans Operations Conditions

Consumer & Asset

Figure 2  The Distribution Management Context

Network Manager Distribution Management

of distribution networks. The DMS is integrated in ABB’s Network Manager

Network Manager Distribution Management

Network Manager Distribution Management

Servers Operator Stations

SCADA/DMS SIS/OMS DTS DE Web Operator Local Engineering

Figure 3 Typical Network Manager System showing distribution of processes and

Network Manager Distribution Management

 Distribution Network Analysis

Network Manager Distribution Management

Network Manager Distribution Management

Figure 5 Graphical depiction of Network Manager APIs

Network Manager Distribution Management

Network Manager Distribution Management

Network Manager Distribution Management

5. Control Room Operations Management

5.1 Circuit Operating Diagrams

Network Manager Distribution Management

5.1.1 Operating Diagram Organization

5.1.2 Operation Diagram Representation

Network Manager Distribution Management

5.2 Circuit Tracing and Coloring

Network Manager Distribution Management

The following two modes of operation are provided.

5.3 Device Location

5.4 Interlocking and Automatic Interlock Checks

Network Manager Distribution Management

5.5 Switch Order/Switching Job Management

Network Manager Distribution Management

Tagging is conveniently combined with Job Management, Interlocking and Safety

5.7 Safety Documents

5.8 Temporary Network Changes (Jumpers)

Network Manager Distribution Management

Network Manager Distribution Management

6. Distribution Network Analysis

6.1 Load Calibration

Network Manager Distribution Management

Figure 7 - Overview Load Calibration

6.2 Distribution /Operator Power Flow- Balanced

Network Manager Distribution Management

6.3 Distribution/Operator Load Flow - Unbalanced

Network Manager Distribution Management

 Single-phase loads (connected to ground)

1. Distribution Management Systems (DMS) Introduction

Figure 2 The Distribution Management Context

Figure 11 Use of GIS/NIS system as an external master database