ETAP16 User Guide

®
ETAP 16
User Guide
Operation Technology, Inc.

Registered to ISO 9001:2008
Certification No. 10002889 QM08
October 2016
Copyright  2016
All Rights Reserved
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Operation Technology, Inc. believes that the information contained herein is accurate as of its publication
date, and such information is subject to change without notice. This information is provided “as is”
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The current revision includes modifications from Version ETAP 14.1 Release to ETAP 16.0 Release.
The modifications are marked in blue for easy identification. Note: ETAP 16.0 may also be referred to as
ETAP 16.0.0 in this document.

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Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Product Description
1.1 Specification ....................................................................................................................... 3
1.2 Capabilities ....................................................................................................................... 27
1.3 ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) .............................................................................. 28
1.4 Libraries ............................................................................................................................ 29
1.5 Help................................................................................................................................... 30
1.6 Automatic Backup of ETAP Projects ............................................................................... 34
Chapter 2 Setup
2.1 System Requirements ......................................................................................................... 2
2.2 ETAP Installation ............................................................................................................... 3
2.3 ETAP User Guide Installation .......................................................................................... 16
2.4 ODBC Configuration ........................................................................................................ 19
2.5 ETAP License Wizard ...................................................................................................... 21
2.6 ETAP License Information ............................................................................................... 27
2.7 ETAP Licensing ............................................................................................................... 29
2.8 License Manager Server ................................................................................................... 40
2.9 License Manager Installation ............................................................................................ 41
2.10 License Manager Verification........................................................................................... 46
2.11 Installation Maintenance ................................................................................................... 49
2.12 User Guide Removal ......................................................................................................... 52
2.13 License Manager Removal ............................................................................................... 53
2.14 System Optimization......................................................................................................... 55
Chapter 3 Overview
3.1 System Toolbar ................................................................................................................... 6
3.2 System Manager ................................................................................................................. 9
3.3 Network Systems .............................................................................................................. 11
3.4 Mode Toolbar ................................................................................................................... 13
3.5 Star Systems ...................................................................................................................... 19
3.6 Underground Raceway Systems (UGS)............................................................................ 22
3.7 Ground Grid Systems........................................................................................................ 25
3.8 Panel Systems ................................................................................................................... 29
3.9 Cable Pulling Systems ...................................................................................................... 32
3.10 Real-Time Systems (PSMS) ............................................................................................. 35
3.11 GIS Systems ...................................................................................................................... 42
3.12 Control Systems ................................................................................................................ 43
3.13 User-Defined Dynamic Model Graphical Editor .............................................................. 46
3.14 System Dumpster .............................................................................................................. 49
3.15 Library .............................................................................................................................. 52
3.16 Cable Systems ................................................................................................................... 54
3.17 Project Toolbar ................................................................................................................. 57
3.18 Theme Toolbar.................................................................................................................. 67
3.19 Study Case Toolbar ........................................................................................................... 69
3.20 Message Log ..................................................................................................................... 70
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3.21 Tutorial.............................................................................................................................. 71
Chapter 4 Options (Preferences)

4.1 Options (Preferences) Editor............................................................................................... 2
4.2 PSGRID.INI........................................................................................................................ 7
4.3 OTIGraph.INI ..................................................................................................................... 8
4.4 Themes (OTH file)............................................................................................................ 10
4.5 ETAPS.INI........................................................................................................................ 13
Chapter 5 Database and Project Management

5.1 Presentations ....................................................................................................................... 2
5.2 Status Configuration ........................................................................................................... 6
5.3 Revision Data.................................................................................................................... 25
5.4 Data Manager ................................................................................................................... 27
5.4 ETAP Wizards .................................................................................................................. 64
Chapter 6 User Access Management

6.1 Access Levels ..................................................................................................................... 3
6.2 User Management ............................................................................................................. 15
6.3 Creating A New Project File ............................................................................................. 19
6.4 Opening An Existing Project File ..................................................................................... 21
Chapter 7 Printing and Plotting

7.1 Schedule Report Manager ................................................................................................... 3
7.2 Library Report Manager ..................................................................................................... 4
7.3 Printing One-Line Diagrams ............................................................................................... 7
7.4 Printing Star Views ........................................................................................................... 27
7.5 Output Reports .................................................................................................................. 40
7.6 Plots .................................................................................................................................. 48
Chapter 8 Engineering Libraries

8.1 Library Utility Tools ........................................................................................................... 3
8.2 Cable ................................................................................................................................. 14
8.3 Cable Fire Coating ............................................................................................................ 25
8.4 Cable Fire Stop ................................................................................................................. 29
8.5 Cable Fire Wrap ................................................................................................................ 33
8.6 Transmission Line Library (Phase Conductors) ............................................................... 37
8.7 Motor Nameplate .............................................................................................................. 44
8.8 Motor Circuit (CKT) Model ............................................................................................. 50
8.9 Motor Characteristic Model .............................................................................................. 56
8.10 Motor Load Model ............................................................................................................ 60
8.11 Fuse ................................................................................................................................... 64
8.12 Relay ................................................................................................................................. 78
8.13 Recloser .......................................................................................................................... 115
8.14 Electronic Controller....................................................................................................... 139
8.15 HV Circuit Breaker ......................................................................................................... 167
8.16 LV Circuit Breaker ......................................................................................................... 173
8.17 Solid State Trip Device Library ...................................................................................... 190
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8.18 Thermal Magnetic Trip Library ...................................................................................... 236
8.19 Electro-Mechanical Trip Device Library ........................................................................ 252
8.20 Motor Circuit Protector Library ...................................................................................... 274
8.21 Overload Heater Library ................................................................................................. 288
8.22 Harmonic Library ........................................................................................................... 301
8.23 Interruption Cost Library ................................................................................................ 313
8.24 Reliability Library........................................................................................................... 316
8.25 Battery............................................................................................................................. 320
8.26 Control System Device – Contact ................................................................................... 326
8.27 Control System Device – Control Relay......................................................................... 331
8.28 Control System Device – Solenoid ................................................................................. 347
8.29 Photovoltaic / Solar Panel ............................................................................................... 363
8.30 Wind Turbine Generator (WTG) Library ....................................................................... 376
Chapter 9 One-Line Diagram GUI

9.1 Edit A One-Line Diagram................................................................................................... 3
9.2 Theme Manager ................................................................................................................ 85
9.3 Auto Build....................................................................................................................... 117
9.4 Display Options .............................................................................................................. 141
9.5 Default Display Options ................................................................................................. 152
9.6 Result Annotation ........................................................................................................... 153
9.7 Datablock ........................................................................................................................ 154
9.8 Text Box ......................................................................................................................... 165
9.9 Polyline Text Box ........................................................................................................... 172
9.10 Zoom Window (Magnifying & Panning) ....................................................................... 176
Chapter 10 Menu Bars

10.1 Start-Up Menu Bar.............................................................................................................. 2
10.2 One-Line Diagram Menu Bar ............................................................................................. 3
10.3 Underground Raceway System Menu Bar ...................................................................... 114
10.4 Dumpster Menu Bar........................................................................................................ 120
10.5 Cable Pulling Menu Bar ................................................................................................. 121
10.6 Ground Grid Menu Bar ................................................................................................... 123
Chapter 11 AC Elements
11.1 Bus ...................................................................................................................................... 2
11.2 Transformer, 2-Winding ................................................................................................... 25
11.3 Transformer, Open Delta .................................................................................................. 74
11.4 Transformer, 3-Winding ................................................................................................. 101
11.5 Bus Duct ......................................................................................................................... 139
11.6 Cable ............................................................................................................................... 150
11.7 Transmission Line........................................................................................................... 206
11.8 Reactor ............................................................................................................................ 245
11.9 Impedance ....................................................................................................................... 255
11.10 Power Grid ...................................................................................................................... 266
11.11 Synchronous Generator................................................................................................... 287
11.12 Wind Turbine Generator ................................................................................................. 336
11.13 Photovoltaic (PV) Array ................................................................................................. 389
11.14 Induction Machine .......................................................................................................... 412
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11.15 Synchronous Motor......................................................................................................... 469
11.16 Lumped Load .................................................................................................................. 526
11.17 Motor Operated Valve .................................................................................................... 551
11.18 Static Load ...................................................................................................................... 576
11.19 Capacitor ......................................................................................................................... 599
11.20 Power Panel .................................................................................................................... 613
11.21 Harmonic Filter ............................................................................................................... 615
11.22 Remote Connector .......................................................................................................... 630
11.23 Phase Adapter ................................................................................................................. 633
11.24 Grounding/Earthing Adapter .......................................................................................... 641
11.25 Static Var Compensator .................................................................................................. 646
11.26 High Voltage DC Link (DC Transmission Line) ........................................................... 660
11.27 AC Composite Motors .................................................................................................... 668
11.28 DC Composite Motors .................................................................................................... 670
11.29 Composite Networks....................................................................................................... 672
11.30 Fuse ................................................................................................................................. 678
11.31 Contactor......................................................................................................................... 702
11.32 High Voltage Circuit Breaker ......................................................................................... 712
11.33 Low Voltage Circuit Breaker .......................................................................................... 727
11.34 Recloser .......................................................................................................................... 776
11.35 Ground Switch ................................................................................................................ 840
11.36 Overload Heater .............................................................................................................. 851
11.37 In-line Overload Relay.................................................................................................... 870
11.38 Single-Throw Switch ...................................................................................................... 892
11.39 Double-Throw Switch..................................................................................................... 901
11.40 Ground Grid .................................................................................................................... 910
Chapter 12 Instrumentation Elements

12.1 Current Transformer ........................................................................................................... 2
12.2 Potential Transformer ....................................................................................................... 10
12.3 Voltmeter .......................................................................................................................... 19
12.4 Ammeter ........................................................................................................................... 25
12.5 Multimeter ........................................................................................................................ 31
12.6 Protective Relay ................................................................................................................ 39
12.7 Voltage Relay ................................................................................................................. 101
12.8 Frequency Relay ............................................................................................................. 108
12.9 Reverse Power Relay ...................................................................................................... 115
12.10 MV Solid State Trip Relay ............................................................................................. 122
12.11 Tag Link.......................................................................................................................... 142
Chapter 13 AC-DC Elements

13.1 UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) ................................................................................. 2
13.2 VFD (Variable Frequency Drive) ..................................................................................... 23
13.3 Charger.............................................................................................................................. 48
13.4 Inverter .............................................................................................................................. 68
Chapter 14 DC Elements
14.1 DC Bus................................................................................................................................ 2
14.2 DC Cable........................................................................................................................... 10
ETAP v ETAP 16.0 User Guide

14.3 DC Impedance .................................................................................................................. 50
14.4 DC Converter .................................................................................................................... 56
14.5 Battery............................................................................................................................... 64
14.6 DC PV Array .................................................................................................................... 78
14.7 DC Motor .......................................................................................................................... 98
14.8 DC Static Load................................................................................................................ 111
14.9 DC Lumped Load ........................................................................................................... 123
14.10 DC Composite CSD ........................................................................................................ 136
14.11 DC Composite Motor...................................................................................................... 146
14.12 DC Circuit Breaker ......................................................................................................... 148
14.13 DC Fuse .......................................................................................................................... 186
14.14 DC Single-Throw Switch................................................................................................ 205
14.15 DC Double-Throw Switch .............................................................................................. 213
Chapter 15 Short-Circuit Analysis

15.1 ANSI Short-Circuit Toolbar ............................................................................................... 2
15.2 IEC Short-Circuit Toolbar .................................................................................................. 6
15.3 GOST Short-Circuit Toolbar ............................................................................................ 11
15.4 Study Case Editor ............................................................................................................. 14
15.5 Display Options ................................................................................................................ 41
15.6 ANSI/IEEE Calculation Methods ..................................................................................... 51
15.7 IEC Calculation Methods.................................................................................................. 68
15.8 AC-DC Converter Models ................................................................................................ 83
15.9 Short-Circuit Result Analyzer........................................................................................... 89
15.10 Required Data ................................................................................................................. 110
15.11 Output Reports ................................................................................................................ 115
15.12 Alert View....................................................................................................................... 123
Chapter 16 STAR Protection and Coordination Analysis

16.1 Star Mode Toolbar .............................................................................................................. 2
16.3 Display Options ................................................................................................................ 31
16.4 Star Sequence-of-Operation .............................................................................................. 41
16.5 Star Auto-Evaluation ........................................................................................................ 45
16.6 Required Data ................................................................................................................... 79
16.7 Output Reports .................................................................................................................. 84
Chapter 17 Star View

17.1 Star Systems ........................................................................................................................ 2
17.2 Star TCC View.................................................................................................................... 5
17.3 Star View (TCC) Toolbar ................................................................................................. 28
17.5 Three-Phase and Single-Phase Elements ........................................................................ 153
17.6 Star Tutorial .................................................................................................................... 156
Chapter 18 Arc Flash Analysis

18.1 Bus Editor ........................................................................................................................... 2
18.2 Arc Flash Study Case ........................................................................................................ 28
18.3 AF Display Options .......................................................................................................... 51
18.4 Arc Flash Alerts ................................................................................................................ 57
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18.5 Arc Flash Sequence of Operation ..................................................................................... 59
18.6 Running Arc Flash Analysis ............................................................................................. 66
18.7 AC Arc Flash Mode .......................................................................................................... 68
18.8 Calculation Methodology ................................................................................................. 73
18.9 Required Data ................................................................................................................. 166
18.10 Arc Flash Reports ........................................................................................................... 170
18.11 Arc Flash Labels ............................................................................................................. 187
18.12 Arc Flash Result Analyzer .............................................................................................. 225
Chapter 19 Load Flow Analysis

19.1 Load Flow Toolbar ............................................................................................................. 2
19.2 Study Case Editor ............................................................................................................... 6
19.3 Display Options ................................................................................................................ 21
19.4 Calculation Methods ......................................................................................................... 33
19.5 1-Phase/Panel System Load Flow Calculation ................................................................. 40
19.6 Required Data ................................................................................................................... 42
19.7 Output Reports .................................................................................................................. 46
19.8 Alert View......................................................................................................................... 54
19.9 Messages ........................................................................................................................... 56
19.10 Load Flow Result Analyzer .............................................................................................. 65
19.11 Load Analyzer................................................................................................................... 85
Chapter 20 Unbalanced Load Flow Analysis

20.1 Unbalanced Load Flow Toolbar ......................................................................................... 2
20.3 Display Options ................................................................................................................ 24
20.4 Calculation Method........................................................................................................... 37
20.5 Panel System Load Flow Calculation ............................................................................... 46
20.6 Required Data ................................................................................................................... 48
20.7 Output Reports .................................................................................................................. 52
20.8 Alert View......................................................................................................................... 61
Chapter 21 Motor Acceleration Analysis

21.1 Motor Starting Toolbar ....................................................................................................... 2
21.3 Display Options ................................................................................................................ 31
21.5 Required Data ................................................................................................................... 50
21.6 Output Reports .................................................................................................................. 53
21.7 One-Line Diagram Displayed Results .............................................................................. 62
21.8 Alert View......................................................................................................................... 63
21.9 Plots .................................................................................................................................. 64
Chapter 22 Transient Stability Analysis

22.1 Transient Stability Toolbar ................................................................................................. 3
22.3 Display Options ................................................................................................................ 31
22.5 Required Data ................................................................................................................... 52
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22.6 Output Reports .................................................................................................................. 63
22.8 Plots .................................................................................................................................. 74
22.9 Action List ........................................................................................................................ 81
Chapter 23 Generator Start-Up

23.2 Calculation Methods ........................................................................................................... 6
23.3 Output Reports .................................................................................................................. 12
Chapter 24 Dynamic Models

24.1 Induction Machine .............................................................................................................. 2
24.2 Synchronous Machine....................................................................................................... 12
24.3 Power Grid ........................................................................................................................ 25
24.4 Excitation System ............................................................................................................. 26
24.5 Governor-Turbine ........................................................................................................... 113
24.6 Power System Stabilizer (PSS) ....................................................................................... 209
24.7 Mechanical Load............................................................................................................. 216
24.8 Static Var Compensator Models ..................................................................................... 218
24.9 Dynamic Lumped Motor Load Model ............................................................................ 228
24.10 Wind Turbine Generator ................................................................................................. 229
Chapter 25 User-Defined Dynamic Models

25.1 UDM Graphic Logic Editor ................................................................................................ 2
25.2 Saving UDM Model Files ................................................................................................... 4
25.3 Input and Output Blocks ................................................................................................... 61
25.4 Control Blocks .................................................................................................................. 71
25.5 Creating UDM Models ................................................................................................... 127
25.6 EXC/ GOV MW/Var Sharing Modes ............................................................................. 152
25.7 Testing UDM Models ..................................................................................................... 154
25.8 Advanced Topics ............................................................................................................ 160
Chapter 26 Parameter Estimation and Tuning

26.1 Start Motor Parameter Estimation and Tuning ................................................................... 2
26.2 Parameter Estimation Editor ............................................................................................... 5
26.3 Motor Parameter Estimation and Tuning Editor ............................................................... 13
26.4 Motor Parameter Update Editor ........................................................................................ 23
26.5 Calculation Method........................................................................................................... 27
26.6 Required Data ................................................................................................................... 29
26.7 Output Reports .................................................................................................................. 30
26.8 Motor Library ................................................................................................................... 36
Chapter 27 Harmonic Analysis

27.1 Study Toolbar ..................................................................................................................... 5
27.3 Display Options ................................................................................................................ 25
27.5 Required Data ................................................................................................................... 41
ETAP viii ETAP 16.0 User Guide

27.6 Output Reports .................................................................................................................. 48
27.8 Plots .................................................................................................................................. 60
Chapter 28 Optimal Power Flow

28.1 Study Toolbar ..................................................................................................................... 3
28.3 Display Options ................................................................................................................ 29
28.5 Required Data ................................................................................................................... 39
28.6 Output Reports .................................................................................................................. 44
Chapter 29 Optimal Capacitor Placement

29.1 Study Toolbar ..................................................................................................................... 3
29.3 Display Options ................................................................................................................ 20
29.5 Required Data ................................................................................................................... 33
29.6 Output Reports .................................................................................................................. 36
29.7 Plots .................................................................................................................................. 42
29.8 One-Line Diagram ............................................................................................................ 45
Chapter 30 Reliability Assessment Analysis

30.1 Reliability System Analysis Toolbar .................................................................................. 3
30.3 Display Options ................................................................................................................ 14
30.4 Modeling and Calculation Method ................................................................................... 23
30.5 Required Data ................................................................................................................... 29
30.6 Output Report ................................................................................................................... 32
30.7 Plots .................................................................................................................................. 44
Chapter 31 Transformer MVA Sizing

31.1 2-Winding Transformer MVA Sizing................................................................................. 2
31.2 Calculation Method............................................................................................................. 8
31.3 Required Data ..................................................................................................................... 9
Chapter 32 Transformer Tap Optimization

32.1 Transformer Tap Optimization ........................................................................................... 2
32.2 Tap Optimization Page ....................................................................................................... 3
32.3 Calculation Method............................................................................................................. 9
32.4 Required Data ................................................................................................................... 10
32.5 Output Reports .................................................................................................................. 11
Chapter 33 DC Short-Circuit Analysis

33.1 Study Toolbar ..................................................................................................................... 3
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33.3 Display Options .................................................................................................................. 8
33.5 Required Data ................................................................................................................... 20
33.6 Output Reports .................................................................................................................. 25
Chapter 34 DC Arc Flash Analysis

34.1 DC Arc Flash Toolbar......................................................................................................... 2
34.2 DC Bus Editor..................................................................................................................... 4
34.3 Display Options ................................................................................................................ 24
34.4 Running DC Arc Flash Analysis....................................................................................... 27
34.5 Calculation Methodology ................................................................................................. 28
34.6 Required Data ................................................................................................................... 49
34.7 Arc Flash Reports ............................................................................................................. 53
34.8 DC Arc Flash Labels......................................................................................................... 58
34.9 DC Arc Flash Result Analyzer ......................................................................................... 59
Chapter 35 DC Load Flow Analysis

35.1 Study Toolbar ..................................................................................................................... 3
35.3 Display Options .................................................................................................................. 9
35.5 Required Data ................................................................................................................... 24
35.6 Output Reports .................................................................................................................. 28
Chapter 36 Battery Sizing and Discharge Analysis

36.1 Battery Sizing Toolbar ........................................................................................................ 3
36.3 Display Options ................................................................................................................ 26
36.5 Required Data ................................................................................................................... 48
36.6 Output Reports .................................................................................................................. 51
36.8 Plots .................................................................................................................................. 64
Chapter 37 Panel Systems

37.1 Graphical User Interface (GUI) .......................................................................................... 3
37.2 Panel Schedule Editor ......................................................................................................... 7
37.3 Panel Schedule Editor - Info Page ...................................................................................... 8
37.4 Panel Schedule Editor - Rating Page ................................................................................ 13
37.5 Panel Schedule Editor - Schedule Page ............................................................................ 25
37.6 Panel Schedule Editor – Summary Page ........................................................................... 38
37.7 Panel Schedule Editor – Remarks Page ............................................................................ 41
37.8 Panel Schedule Editor – Comment Page .......................................................................... 43
37.10 Panels in System Studies .................................................................................................. 55
37.11 Output Reports .................................................................................................................. 56
ETAP x ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Chapter 38 Data Exchange
38.1 DataX Levels of Exchange ................................................................................................. 2
38.2 ETAP Data Exchange Services........................................................................................... 3
38.3 Import IEEE Format ........................................................................................................... 5
38.4 Import RAW Format ........................................................................................................... 7
38.5 Export RAW Format ......................................................................................................... 17
38.6 Import a Ground Grid in AutoCAD to ETAP ................................................................... 26
38.7 Load Ticket ....................................................................................................................... 34
38.8 Import EasyPower............................................................................................................. 42
38.9 Import SKM ...................................................................................................................... 45
Chapter 39 CSD Elements

39.1 Pointer ................................................................................................................................. 2
39.2 Display Options .................................................................................................................. 3
39.3 DC Bus Editor..................................................................................................................... 8
39.4 Node Editor ....................................................................................................................... 14
39.5 DC Fuse Editor ................................................................................................................. 15
39.6 Circuit Breaker Editor ....................................................................................................... 31
39.7 Switch Editor .................................................................................................................... 51
39.8 Push Button Editor ............................................................................................................ 59
39.9 Control Relay Editor ......................................................................................................... 65
39.10 Solenoid Editor ................................................................................................................. 83
39.11 Light Editor ..................................................................................................................... 102
39.12 General Load Editor........................................................................................................ 113
39.13 Contact Editor ................................................................................................................. 124
39.14 Macro Controlled Contact............................................................................................... 126
39.15 Control Cable Schedule .................................................................................................. 133
39.16 Wire Editor ..................................................................................................................... 141
39.17 Impedance Editor ............................................................................................................ 152
Chapter 40 Control System Diagram (CSD)

40.1 Control System Diagram Presentation ................................................................................ 2
40.2 Edit Mode ........................................................................................................................... 5
40.3 Voltage Drop Mode (Study Mode) ................................................................................... 13
40.4 Required Data ................................................................................................................... 42
40.5 Output Reports .................................................................................................................. 45
Chapter 41 Data Synchronization

41.1 Accessing the DataX Tools................................................................................................. 2
41.2 Excel - Fixed Format .......................................................................................................... 3
41.3 Excel - Open Format ......................................................................................................... 16
41.4 Project Merge .................................................................................................................... 35
41.5 e-DPP ................................................................................................................................ 64
41.6 SmartPlant Electrical ........................................................................................................ 77
41.7 AVEVA Electrical .......................................................................................................... 100
41.8 Universal DataX Mapping Utility................................................................................... 114
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Chapter 42 Geographical Information System
42.1 GIS Map.......................................................................................................................... …2
42.2 Activating the GIS Map Module....................................................................................... ..4
42.3 Creating a New GIS Presentation ..................................................................................... ..5
42.4 GIS Map Toolbar .............................................................................................................. ..7
42.5 Data Transfer from GIS Map to ETAP ........................................................................... ..10
42.6 Data Synchronization ...................................................................................................... ..13
42.7 Auto Layout Generation ................................................................................................. ..18
42.8 Performing System Studies ............................................................................................. ..19
42.9 Updating GIS Maps with Results ................................................................................... ..20
Chapter 43 Ground Grid Systems

43.1 Ground Grid Systems Presentation ..................................................................................... 3
43.2 FEM Editor Toolbar............................................................................................................ 8
43.3 IEEE Editor Toolbar ......................................................................................................... 10
43.4 Ground Grid Study Method Toolbar................................................................................. 11
43.5 Edit A GGS ....................................................................................................................... 16
43.7 Ground Short-Circuit Current Values ............................................................................... 21
43.8 Soil Editor ......................................................................................................................... 24
43.9 IEEE Group Editor............................................................................................................ 26
43.10 FEM Group Editor ............................................................................................................ 30
43.11 Conductor/Rod Editor (FEM) ........................................................................................... 32
43.13 Required Data ................................................................................................................... 39
43.14 Output Report ................................................................................................................... 41
43.15 Ground Grid Systems Report Manager............................................................................. 42
43.16 Plot Selection .................................................................................................................... 52
Chapter 44 System Grounding

44.1 Quick Start Guide ............................................................................................................... 3
44.2 Definition of Earthing Types .............................................................................................. 5
44.3 Multiple Grounding / Earthing Handling ............................................................................ 9
Chapter 45 Cable Ampacity and Sizing

45.1 Cable Editor Ampacity/Capacity Parameters ..................................................................... 2
45.2 Steps to Perform Current-Carrying Capacity Calculations ............................................... 40
45.3 Current-Carrying Capacity Calculations Methodology .................................................... 42
45.4 Cable Editor Sizing Phase................................................................................................. 43
45.5 Steps to Perform Cable Sizing Calculations ..................................................................... 59
45.6 Cable Manager .................................................................................................................. 60
45.7 Summary of Steps ............................................................................................................. 67
Chapter 46 Protective Conductor Sizing and Shock Protection

46.1 PE/Grounding Conductor Thermal Sizing .......................................................................... 3
46.2 PE Conductor Sizing Calculation Inputs ............................................................................ 5
46.3 Electric Shock Protection Calculation .............................................................................. 16
46.4 Required Electrical Shock Protection Calculation Inputs ................................................. 17
ETAP xii ETAP 16.0 User Guide

46.5 Required Data ................................................................................................................... 41
46.6 Output Reports .................................................................................................................. 46
46.7 Cable Manager .................................................................................................................. 49
46.8 Summary of Steps ............................................................................................................. 50
Chapter 47 Underground Raceway Systems

47.1 Graphical User Interface (GUI) .......................................................................................... 3
47.2 Study Toolbar ................................................................................................................... 12
47.4 Display Options ................................................................................................................ 19
47.5 Editing a UGS ................................................................................................................... 23
47.6 Underground Raceway System Rule Book....................................................................... 36
47.7 Duct Bank Raceway Wizard ............................................................................................. 56
47.8 Underground System Editor ............................................................................................. 66
47.9 Raceway Editor ................................................................................................................. 69
47.10 External Heat Source ........................................................................................................ 74
47.11 Calculation Methods .......................................................................................................... 75
47.12 Required Data ................................................................................................................... 81
47.13 Output Reports .................................................................................................................. 83
47.14 Plots .................................................................................................................................. 90
47.15 Tutorial.............................................................................................................................. 92
Chapter 48 Cable Pulling System

48.1 Presentation......................................................................................................................... 2
48.2 Toolbar ................................................................................................................................ 3
48.4 Create a New Presentation .................................................................................................. 8
48.5 Cable Pull Editor............................................................................................................... 10
48.6 Pull Path Geometric View ................................................................................................ 15
48.7 Conduit Cross-Section View............................................................................................. 19
48.8 3-D View........................................................................................................................... 28
48.9 Cable Pulling Analysis...................................................................................................... 29
48.10 Display Options ................................................................................................................ 31
48.12 Required Data ................................................................................................................... 34
48.13 Output Reports .................................................................................................................. 35
Chapter 49 Switching Interlock Enforcer

49.1 Interlock Logic Setup.......................................................................................................... 2
49.2 Initial Conflict Check.......................................................................................................... 8
49.3 Pre-Switching Conflict Check .......................................................................................... 10
49.4 Post Action Conflict Check and Execution ...................................................................... 14
49.5 Switching Interlock Alerts ................................................................................................ 16
49.6 Required Data ................................................................................................................... 19
Chapter 50 Switching Sequence Management

50.1 Study Case Toolbar ............................................................................................................. 2
50.3 Display Options .................................................................................................................. 6
ETAP xiii ETAP 16.0 User Guide

50.4 Building a Switching Sequence .......................................................................................... 7
50.5 Switching Sequence Simulation ....................................................................................... 14
50.6 Switching Sequence Simulation Required Data ............................................................... 22
50.7 Output Reports .................................................................................................................. 26
Chapter 51 Contingency Analysis

51.1 Contingency Analysis Toolbar ........................................................................................... 2
51.3 Display Options ................................................................................................................ 26
51.5 Performance Index Calculation......................................................................................... 31
51.6 Required Data ................................................................................................................... 33
51.7 Output Reports .................................................................................................................. 37
51.8 Contingency Analysis Report Summary ........................................................................... 41
51.9 Performance Index List ..................................................................................................... 56
Chapter 52 References
52.1 Keyboard Shortcuts............................................................................................................. 1
ETAP xiv ETAP 16.0 User Guide

ETAP16 User Guide

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Operation Technology, Inc.

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ETAP ii ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Chapter 4 Options (Preferences)

Chapter 5 Database and Project Management

Chapter 6 User Access Management

Chapter 7 Printing and Plotting

Chapter 8 Engineering Libraries

ETAP iii ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Chapter 9 One-Line Diagram GUI

Chapter 10 Menu Bars

ETAP iv ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Chapter 12 Instrumentation Elements

Chapter 13 AC-DC Elements

ETAP v ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Chapter 15 Short-Circuit Analysis

Chapter 16 STAR Protection and Coordination Analysis

Chapter 17 Star View

Chapter 18 Arc Flash Analysis

ETAP vi ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Chapter 19 Load Flow Analysis

Chapter 20 Unbalanced Load Flow Analysis

Chapter 21 Motor Acceleration Analysis

Chapter 22 Transient Stability Analysis

ETAP vii ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Chapter 23 Generator Start-Up

Chapter 24 Dynamic Models

Chapter 25 User-Defined Dynamic Models

Chapter 26 Parameter Estimation and Tuning

Chapter 27 Harmonic Analysis

ETAP viii ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Chapter 28 Optimal Power Flow

Chapter 29 Optimal Capacitor Placement

Chapter 30 Reliability Assessment Analysis

Chapter 31 Transformer MVA Sizing

Chapter 32 Transformer Tap Optimization

Chapter 33 DC Short-Circuit Analysis

ETAP ix ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Chapter 34 DC Arc Flash Analysis

Chapter 35 DC Load Flow Analysis

Chapter 36 Battery Sizing and Discharge Analysis

Chapter 37 Panel Systems

ETAP x ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Chapter 39 CSD Elements

Chapter 40 Control System Diagram (CSD)

Chapter 41 Data Synchronization

ETAP xi ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Chapter 43 Ground Grid Systems

Chapter 44 System Grounding

Chapter 45 Cable Ampacity and Sizing

Chapter 46 Protective Conductor Sizing and Shock Protection

ETAP xii ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Chapter 47 Underground Raceway Systems

Chapter 48 Cable Pulling System

Chapter 49 Switching Interlock Enforcer

Chapter 50 Switching Sequence Management

ETAP xiii ETAP 16.0 User Guide

Chapter 51 Contingency Analysis

ETAP xiv ETAP 16.0 User Guide

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